Iris camillae

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Iris camillae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Section: Iris sect. Oncocyclus
Species:
I. camillae
Binomial name
Iris camillae
Synonyms [2]

None known

Iris camillae is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Azerbaijan. It has narrow, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, medium-sized stem and large flowers, where the flower colour is very variable (especially in the wild), ranging from violet, purple, pale blue, and also yellow, and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. It has a yellow beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

Contents

Description

It has a small, [3] [4] red rhizome, which is about 1 cm long, [5] and medium thick. [6] [7] Underneath the rhizome are long secondary roots. [5] The rhizome and roots make a creeping plant. [4]

It has narrow, [5] falcate (sickle-shaped), [3] [6] [8] leaves, that can grow up to between 20–40 cm (8–16 in) long. [5] They begin to grow in late November and fade after summer, when the plant becomes dormant. [5]

It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between 20–40 cm (8–16 in) tall. [7] [9] [10]

The stem has 3 acute, carinate (ridged or keeled), lanceolate, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [4] It also has long pedicels and a perianth tube which is longer than the ovary. [4] The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower, blooming in spring, in April. [4]

The flower is similar in form to an Iris pallida flower. [5] The flowers are 6–9 cm (2–4 in) in diameter, [6] [7] [11] come in various colours, [12] [13] [14] from violet, [3] purple to pale blue, and also yellow, [3] [4] and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. [5] [8] [9] Up to 16 colour forms or hybrids, [13] have been found and noted. [12] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [15] The falls are broadly obovate, deflexed (folded over) and slightly narrowed at apex, [4] or slightly spoon-shaped. [14] In purple shade forms, they have a violet, [4] [14] or dark purple signal patch. [6] In the middle of the falls, is a row of short hairs called the 'beard', which is yellow, [5] [6] [13] The erect, [4] standards are broader, [4] [6] or larger than the falls, [6] [7] [8] They are also a similar colour to the falls, [4] [6] [8] but they can be slightly paler than the falls. [3]

It has style branches that are recurved and shorter than the falls. [4]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, which has not yet been described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [15] In 1977, 47 species of the irises in the Oncocyclus section were analysed, [8] [16] and it was found to have a chromosome count of 2n=20. [5] [6] [10]

Taxonomy

It is commonly known as Kamilla's iris. [1] [17]

It is sometimes called Iris camilla. [16]

It has not been recorded what the Latin specific epithet camillae actually refers to/

It was first collected on 29 April 1928, by A. Kolakovsky in Transcaucasia, Azerbajdzhan. [18]

It was then first published and described by Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim in Schedae ad Plantae orientales exsiccatae (Sched. Herb. Pl. Or. Exsicc.) Vol.15 on page 40 in 1928. [2] [4] [19] The exsiccata Plantae orientales exsiccatae was coedited by Boris B. K. Schischkin [20] [8] [21] in Tiflis. [22]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003 and then updated on 2 December 2004. [21]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life, [17] and in the Catalogue of Life. [23]

Iris camillae is an accepted name by the RHS. [24]

Although, it has discussed by the British Iris Society and D. Kramb (of the Species Iris Group of North America), that it may have a hybrid origin between Iris iberica , Iris paradoxa , and Iris acutiloba , [8] but this has not yet been proved. [3]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia. [21]

Range

It is endemic, [1] [4] to the Transcaucasian region, [6] [10] [11] within the country of Azerbaijan, [5] [13] [14] [21] in the districts of Kazakh, Tauz and Khokali. [1] [3] Including around Lake Kazan-Gel, [6] [7] [25] or Qazangöl Lake in the Caucasus, [12] on the river Kura. [25]

Habitat

It grows on the rocky, [5] or stony, [4] [6] dry steppes. [1] [25]

They can be found at an altitude of 400 to 600 m (1,300 to 2,000 ft) above sea level. [1]

Conservation

Iris camillae is a threatened wild plant, [5] and was in 1989 listed in the Red Data Book of Azerbaijan, [1] [6] which helps with its protection. [5] It was re-assessed by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) on 11 October 2006, as vulnerable, [17] as it is only known 4 sites, with a limited population range of about 50 km2. [1] [3] It is threatened due to over-collection of the flowers, for ornamental uses. [1]

Cultivation

It is not hardy enough, to be grown outdoors, it should be grown in a bulb frame or greenhouse. It is recommended to be planted late in Autumn, with dolomite and limestone chippings within the soil mix. It also needs feeding when in growth. [3] It needs to be grown in full sun. [5]

It was tested for growth in Leningrad Botanic Garden, in Russia. [4] A herbarium specimen is found within Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, [18] and plants are grown in the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. [1]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division, [26] or by seed growing. Irises generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need stratification, (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves. [27]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction. [28]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

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Iris assadiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the deserts of Syria. It has small rhizomes, grey-green strongly curved leaves, slender stems, scented flowers in April, in shades of maroon, purple, deep purple or black. They have dark veining and it also has yellow/white beard tipped with purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris atrofusca</i> Species of plant

Iris atrofusca is a species in the genus Iris, where it is placed in the subgenus Iris and the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the deserts of Israel and Jordan. The species has long falcate (sickle-shaped) or ensiform (sword-shaped) leaves, a long thick stem and large fragrant flowers that come in shades of purple brown, reddish-black, black-brown, dark brown, dark lilac or dark purple. The flowers also have a black or brownish-black signal patch and a thick beard that is brown-black, light brown or yellow tipped with brown. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris barnumiae</i> Species of plant

Iris barnumiae is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. It has pale glaucous green and narrow leaves, that are slightly sickle-shaped and fade soon after blooming. It has, in mid- to late spring, fragrant flowers in shades of purple, from red-purple, mulberry to purplish-violet, with a yellow tipped with purple beard. It was renamed as I. barnumiae in after a plant naming conference in 2011, but is still sometimes named as I. barnumae in some sources. It has one accepted subspecies Iris barnumiae subsp. demawendica and two forms; Iris barnumiae f. protonyma (Stapf) B.Mathew & Wendelbo and Iris barnumiae f. urmiensis (Hoog) B.Mathew & Wendelbo, which has yellow flowers. Sometimes I. barnumiae f. barnumiae is used to describe the basic form. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its needing very dry and warm summer conditions.

<i>Iris bismarckiana</i> Species of plant

Iris bismarckiana, the Nazareth iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountainsides of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. It has stoloniferous, spreading rhizomes, long, sword shaped, bright green leaves, long slender stem and 1 flower in Spring. The large flower is pale yellow, creamy-white, or white background. Which is covered with reddish-brown, maroon brown, purple-brown, purple, blue-purple, or blue veins, markings or spots. It has a dark signal patch and dark purple to black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris bostrensis</i> Species of plant

Iris bostrensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the border between Syria and Jordan. It has greenish-grey leaves, 1–2 flowers in Spring,, which have a yellowish, greenish or pale brown ground, which is then covered in many brown-black, brown-purple, or brown, spots, streaks or veining. It has a bright yellow beard, slightly tipped in purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

<i>Iris gatesii</i> Species of plant

Iris gatesii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkey and Iraq. It has long, narrow, grey-green or glaucous leaves. The strong, sturdy stem supports a single large flower in spring, between April and June. The large flowers are very variable in colouring, ranging from a pale greenish, grey, white, or creamy-yellow background colour, which is then covered with many purplish-brown, purple, or nearly black, spots, dots, short broken lines, or veining. They have a brownish purple or purple beard, over a dark signal patch. It can be cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, if it does not get too wet during summer.

Iris grossheimii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. It has sickle shaped leaves, which are as long as the short stem, which carries one flower in spring. It is beige, pink or brown covered in dark lines that are, purple-brown or brown. It has a large blackish brown signal patch and brown or black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris hermona</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hermona, the Golan iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris, and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the pastures and meadows of the Golan Heights in Israel and Syria. It has linear, upright leaves, tall slender stem holding a bi-coloured flower, having a pale lilac, cream-yellow, light tan, or white background, which is then covered in purple brown, or purple, or purple-pink veining, spots or speckling. It has a round purple-brown or almost black signal patch, and a sparse purple brown or almost black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

Iris heylandiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the marshlands or fields of Iraq. It has short, linear or sickle shaped grey-green leaves, slender stem, a single flower in spring, which has a dingy-white, whitish, or pale background, which is covered in many spots or dark veining, in black-purple, brown-purple, or brown violet, or brown shades. It has a dark brown or burgundy brown signal patch and white tinged with yellow or orange white sparse beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris iberica <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> elegantissima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima is a subspecies in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a subspecies of Iris iberica and is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Turkey and Iran. It has large, thin and falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, slender stem with a single flower between April and May. It has a white, cream or pale yellow ground, which is covered in dark veining or speckling in violet, mauve, purple or brown shades. The larger standards are paler, normally white and less veined. The falls, have darker veining and a dark signal patch and brown or purple beard. It is commonly known as Iris elegantissima, especially in Europe and Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but normally needs some protection during the winter period.

<i>Iris lortetii</i> Species of plant

Iris lortetii is a species in the genus Iris. It has straight grey-green leaves, a 30–50 cm tall stem, and large showy flowers in late spring or mid-summer that come in shades of pink, from white, lilac, pale lavender and grey-purple. It is veined and dotted pink or maroon. It has a signal patch that is deep maroon and a sparse and brown, purple-brown or reddish beard.

<i>Iris paradoxa</i> Species of plant

Iris paradoxa is a species of flowering plant native to western Asia. It has large upright petals and smaller lower petals, which is unique amongst most iris forms. They come in various shades from white, lavender, mauve, medium purple, violet, dark purple to black. It has a black or purplish black beard on the lower petals. It comes from the region of Transcaucasia, and is found in the countries of Iran,, Turkey, Armenia and in Azerbaijan.

<i>Iris sprengeri</i> Species of plant

Iris sprengeri is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the mountain slopes of Turkey. It has large flowers which are white, silver-white or cream, with purple-red or reddish-brown veining and a golden yellow beard and a dark purple or deep purple-brown signal patch.

<i>Iris meda</i> Species of plant

Iris meda is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the desert mountains and hills of Media and has long grey-green leaves with cream, pale yellow or yellow flowers, which have purple or dark brown patches and yellow beards.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hadjiev, V. (2014). "Iris camillae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T200241A2643681. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T200241A2643681.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Iris camillae Grossh. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Iris camillae whitish standards". rareplants.co.uk. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV" . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Chapter I (Part 5) I Oncocyclus" (in French). irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kramb, D. (3 December 2003). "Iris camillae". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 90, at Google Books
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pries, Bob (8 May 2016). "(SPEC) Iris camillae Grossheim". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  9. 1 2 Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. ISBN   978-0-88192-089-5.
  10. 1 2 3 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  11. 1 2 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 308". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  12. 1 2 3 "The Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot" (PDF). mobot.org. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Camilla iris (Iris camillae)" (in Russian). agbina.com. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises . Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p.  127. ISBN   978-0715305393.
  15. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   978-0881927306.
  16. 1 2 Avishai, Michael; Zohary, Daniel (1977). "Chromosomes in the Oncocyclus Irises". Botanical Gazette. 138 (4): 502–511. doi:10.1086/336956. JSTOR   2473887. S2CID   84941000.
  17. 1 2 3 "Iris camillae". eol.org. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  18. 1 2 "Iris camillae Grossh. [family IRIDACEAE]". plants.jstor.org (jstor). Retrieved 10 August 2016.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris camillae Grossh". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "Plantae orientales exsiccatae". www.indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Taxon: Iris camillae Grossh". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  22. ↑ Thomas Gaskell Tuti (Editor) Flora Europaea, Volume 5 , p. 380, at Google Books
  23. ↑ "Iris camillae Grossh. (accepted name)". catalogueoflife.org. September 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  24. ↑ "Iris camillae". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  25. 1 2 3 "Azerbaijan, A Tour For The Alpine Garden Society". greentours.co.uk. 2014. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  26. ↑ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  27. ↑ Waters, Tom (December 2010). "Growing Irises from Seed". telp.com. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  28. ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books

Sources

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