Iris koreana

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Iris koreana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Chinenses
Species:
I. koreana
Binomial name
Iris koreana
Synonyms [1]
  • Limniris koreana(Nakai) Rodion.

Iris koreana, also known as dwarf woodland Korean iris, is a beardless iris in the genus Iris , in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial from Korea.

Contents

Description

Iris koreana is similar in form to (the larger) Iris minutoaurea and Iris odaesanensis , (both are also from the Iris chinensis series). [2] William Rickatson Dykes thought that Iris koreana was a larger form of Iris minutoaurea, [3] but Iris koreana is more robust than Iris minutoaurea. [4] [5]

It is also similar to the American woodland native, Iris cristata . [4] [6]

It has slender rhizomes that are small, long, fine and have many branches (or stolons). [4] [3] Due to its spreading ability, it is thought it could be used as a ground cover plant. [4]

It has narrow, smooth, glossy green, and ensiform (sword-shaped) leaves, that are long than the flowering stems. [7] [3] [8] They grow up to 20–35 cm (8–14 in) long and 1–4 cm (0–2 in) wide. [9] [4] [2] The leaves have prominent veins and are faintly tinged red at base (near the rhizome). [3] Iris koreana and Iris minutoaureas also have the habit of their foliage growing longer after they have flowered. [10]

It has an unbranched stem, up to 15–30 cm (6–12 in) tall. [7] [9] It has 2 terminal flowers (at the top of the stems), that bloom in early summer, between April and May. [4] [3] [8]

It has a perianth tube that is longer than the spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [3]

The flowers are small, about 3 cm (1 in) in diameter. [9] [4] They come in yellow shades, between bright yellow to pale yellow. [7] [9] [11]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [12] The larger falls are obovate (egg or tear-drop shaped), held at a horizontal angle, have pleated edges and have brown markings on the hafts (the thinner part of the petal heading towards the centre). [9] [4] [5] The smaller and shorter standards are paler (than the falls), almost erect (or vertical) and have a notch at the ends. [3]

The style branches are the same colour as the standards but narrow and acuminate (end in a sharp point). [3]

In June and July (after the flowers have faded), it produces green, globose (spherical) seed capsules. [8] [13] Inside are obovate or occasionally circular, smooth, glabrous (without hair) and brown or dark henne coloured seeds. Which are 3.6–4.6 mm (0–0 in) long and 2.5–3.3 mm (0–0 in) wide. [8]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [12] It has a chromosome count: 2n=20. [4]

Taxonomy

Iris koreana is pronounced as EYE-ris kor-ee-AH-nuh. [7]

It is written as 노랑붓꽃 in Korean language. [14]

It has the common name of Dwarf woodland Korean iris. [9] [15] [16]

The Latin specific epithet koreana refers to the country where it was found, Korea. [4]

It was first published and described by Takenoshin Nakai in 'Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis' (Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veroffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen. (Edited by Friedrich Fedde in Berlin), Vol.2 in 1914. [17] [18]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003. [19]

Iris koreana and Iris rossii are on the list of legally protected species, rare plants and endemic plants in the Dakibong and Bonghwabong regions of Korea. [14]

Native

Iris koreana is native to temperate areas of Asia. [19]

Range

It is only found in Korea. [9] [20] [2] [21]

It is found in various national parks (of Korea) including Jirisan, Gyeongju, Seoraksan, Songnisan, Naejangsan, Sobaeksan, Wolchulsan and Byeonsan bando. [22]

One reference mentions that it is also native to China, but this might only mean cultivated and then naturalised within China. [4]

Habitat

It prefers to grow in dry woodlands, [13] and forests. [4]

Cultivation

Iris koreana is thought easy to grow in typical to dry woodland garden conditions. [9] [6]

It is hardy between USDA Zone 4a (-30 °F) and 8b. (15 °F). [7] [9] [20]

It prefers positions in part sun to light shade, [7] [9] [4] and it likes soils that are moist (especially in the winter and spring), rich and between strongly acidic too alkaline. [7] [4] [2]

It can be propagated by division, cutting the rhizome into large sections to be re-planted. It can also be grown from seed, collected from the plant (after the flowering has finished), as the collected seed does not store very well, it is recommended to sow the seed as soon as possible. [7]

The iris is thought to be resistant to deer. [7]

It is only available from a few select specialty nurseries in the US. [20]

It is rarely cultivated in British gardens. [2] [23]

Hybrids and cultivars

There is a known cultivar Iris koreana 'Firefly Shuffle', which was hybridized by Darrell Probst of the Garden Vision Nursery in 2010. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae

Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

<i>Iris lacustris</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris lacustris, the dwarf lake iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous, beardless perennial plant, native to the Great Lakes region of eastern North America. It has lavender blue or violet-blue flowers, a very short stem and long fan-like green leaves. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It is closely related to Iris cristata.

<i>Iris milesii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris milesii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous, beardless perennial plant, native to the Himalayas, India and China. It has pinkish-violet, or pinkish purple, or pinkish-lavender or pinkish lilac flowers, with a fringed yellow or orange crest. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris tectorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris tectorum is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris. It is a rhizomatous perennial. It is native of China, Korea and Burma, with lavender-blue, bluish-violet, purple-blue, blue-lilac or sky blue flowers. There is a white form as well. It is a compact plant and is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions of the world.

<i>Iris danfordiae</i> Species of plant

Iris danfordiae, the dwarf iris or Danford iris, is a bulbous perennial plant in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is from Turkey in Asia. It has 2 gray-green or bluish green, thick leaves, short slender stem holding a scented flower, in shades of yellow. They are spotted olive-green or green and have a deep yellow or orange crest.

<i>Iris minutoaurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris minutoaurea is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial of eastern Asia, native to China and Korea. It has been naturalized in Japan. It has long grassy-like leaves, short stem and bright yellow or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris odaesanensis is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial from China and eastern Korea. It has blue-green grass-like leaves, short stem, 1 or 2 fragrant, white or off-white flowers in spring to early summer. It is a rare plant in the wild, but it is cultivated in east Asia.

<i>Iris rossii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris rossii, the long-tail iris, is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial from Japan, Korea and China. It has narrow, grass-like leaves, short stems and 1 or 2 purple-violet flowers.

Iris anguifuga is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has narrow green leaves, long stem and violet or blue flowers.

Iris ventricosa is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Asia and the Russian Federation, to Mongolia and China. It has grey-green leaves, short flowers stems and 1–2 pale violet or pale blue flowers.

<i>Iris orientalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris orientalis is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey and Greece, with white flowers with a yellow mark or blotch. It was also known as Iris ochroleuca for a long time. It is commonly known as yellow banded iris in the U.S. and Turkish iris in the UK but also has some other less common names. It is very hardy and has been known to naturalize in various countries. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves, lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

<i>Iris humilis</i> Species of plant

Iris humilis is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with a wide distribution range from Europe to Russia to China, via Mongolia and Kazakhstan. It has sword-shaped leaves, a short stem and yellow flowers with an orange beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris mandshurica is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, it is found in Russia, China, and Korea. It has green sword-like leaves, smooth green stem and yellow flowers, with yellow-purple veining and a yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris potaninii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris potaninii is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Siberia in Russia, Mongolia and China. It is a dwarf plant, having either subterranean or very small stems, long thin leaves and yellow, or dark violet to purplish blue flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris griffithii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Afghanistan. It has short, sickle-shaped leaves, short green stem and purple flowers with white beards. Several specimens exist within herbaria around Europe, but it is rarely cultivated.

<i>Iris suaveolens</i> Species of plant

Iris suaveolens is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Eastern Europe, ranging from the Balkans to Turkey. It has short, sickle shaped or curved, blue-green or greyish green leaves, a slender simple stem, with 1 or 2 fragrant spring blooming, flowers, between yellow and purple, with white or yellow beards. It was once known as Iris mellita, until that was re-classified as a synonym of Iris suaveolens. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris bismarckiana</i> Species of plant

Iris bismarckiana, the Nazareth iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountainsides of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. It has stoloniferous, spreading rhizomes, long, sword shaped, bright green leaves, long slender stem and 1 flower in Spring. The large flower is pale yellow, creamy-white, or white background. Which is covered with reddish-brown, maroon brown, purple-brown, purple, blue-purple, or blue veins, markings or spots. It has a dark signal patch and dark purple to black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris mariae</i> Species of plant

Iris mariae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the deserts of Israel and Egypt. It is fairly tall, with long and slender glaucous leaves, and in late spring, lilac-purple to pinkish or violet flowers with deeper veining and blackish-violet signal and dark purple beard.

References

  1. ↑ "Iris koreana Nakai is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris koreana". encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 122, at Google Books
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Chapitre II iris a touffe et autre (partie1)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  5. 1 2 Laurin, Terry (21 October 2014). "(SPEC) Iris koreana Nakai". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  6. 1 2 "Beardless Irises". pacificbulbsociety.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "PlantFiles: Korean Iris". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Iris koreana". seedbank.re.kr. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Iris koreana (Dwarf Woodland Korean Iris)". plantdelights.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  10. ↑ McDonough, Mark (24 February 2011). "Iris cristata and small woodland Iris". nargs.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  11. ↑ Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises . Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p.  133. ISBN   0715305395.
  12. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.
  13. 1 2 McDonough, Mark (26 May 2010). "Harvesting woodland seed: Iris koreana and others". nargs.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  14. 1 2 Oh, Hyun-Kyung; Han, Yun-Hee; Soh, Min-Seok; Lee, Ji-Hee (2010). "Classification Type of Vascular Plants on the Dakibong and Bonghwabong, Buan" (PDF). Journal of National Park Research. 1 (4): 267–276. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  15. ↑ "Iris koreana". robsplants.com. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  16. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 498. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2016– via Korea Forest Service.
  17. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris koreana Nakai". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  18. ↑ "Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis". biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  19. 1 2 "Iris koreana". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 Kramb, D. (16 April 2005). "Iris-koreana". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  21. ↑ "KOREAN PENINSULA". lntreasures.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  22. ↑ "Endangered Species in National Park of Korea" (PDF). english.knps.or.kr. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  23. ↑ Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 146. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.

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