Iris orchioides

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Iris orchioides
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Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Scorpiris
Section: Iris sect. Scorpiris
Species:
I. orchioides
Binomial name
Iris orchioides
Synonyms [1]

Juno orchioides(Carrière) Vved.

Iris orchioides, the 'orchid iris,' [2] is a plant species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial, from the mountains of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. It has dark green leaves, slender stems, up to three yellow flowers in spring. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

Iris orchioides grows up to 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in) tall. [3] Its stem is hidden by channeled leaves until the flowers fade. [4] It has between 5-7, [5] dark green, [6] broad leaves that grow up to 6–8 inches tall. [5]

It has up to 3 yellow flowers on its stem. [7] The flowers vary in shading, from deep yellow [4] to creamy-yellow [5] to a translucent pale yellow, between March and May. [3]

It has a big winged haft (the narrow constricted part of the standards (petals) and falls (sepals) near the center of the iris flower) [7] which are about 2-cm (1") wide. [4] It also has hairs on the ridge of the falls (which are very similar in look to a beard (of a bearded iris). [7] It has standards are 1/2 inches wide and linear. [5]

It has cylindrical capsules and seeds without arils. [8] These are similar to Iris bucharica and Iris warleyensis have cubiform seeds, [9]

Taxonomy

It is commonly called the 'orchid iris'. [2]

It is called 'Ukrop' in its native Kazakh. [10]

It was first published and described by (French botanist) Élie-Abel Carrière in 'Revue Horticole'(Paris) in 1880). [11]

It was listed in 1995 in 'Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR)' by Czerepanov, S. K. [12]

Iris orchioides is an accepted name by the RHS. [2]

It is often mistakenly, to be a yellow form of Iris bucharica [3] or Iris tienshanica (a synonym of Iris loczyi (Kanitz.)) [1] also from Kazakhstan). [10]

'Iris orchioides var. caerulea' (Baker) is a synonym of Iris vicaria (Vved.). [1]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014. [13]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life. [14]

Iris orchioides is an accepted name by the RHS. [2]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia. [13]

Range

It is found in the mountains of Central Asia. [3] It has been found in Tashkent in Uzbekistan [6] and Kyrgyzstan. [4] [13]

Habitat

It likes the stoney soils of the foothills. [8]

Cultivation

It is hardy to USDA Zone 5. [5]

It is best grown in an alpine house of bulb frame. [4]

It prefers to grow in full sun. [5]

Known cultivars

Found in 1990, has canary-yellow flowers. [15]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction. [17]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Scorpiris</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Iris subg. Scorpiris, commonly called Juno, is a subgenus of Iris, representing the smooth-bulbed bulbous irises. For a while it was an independent genus Juno Tratt. in some classifications.

<i>Iris bucharica</i> Species of plant

Iris bucharica is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a bulbous herbaceous perennial, from temperate Asia, within Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It has long blue green leaves, many flowers in spring, in shades of yellow and white.

<i>Iris variegata</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris variegata, commonly known as the Hungarian iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial from eastern Europe. It has dark green, ribbed leaves. The branched flowering stems can be as tall as the leaves, they can hold 2–3 flowers in summer. They are yellowish-white, with brown-purple veins on the drooping falls. It is very hardy and it is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are several cultivars.

<i>Iris hyrcana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hyrcana, the Hyrcana iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial from central Asia, from Azerbaijan to Iran.

<i>Iris kolpakowskiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris kolpakowskiana, or Kolpakowski's iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Monolepsis. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia.

<i>Iris winkleri</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris winkleri, or Winkler iris, is a species in the genus Iris, classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Monolepsis. It is a bulbous perennial from Turkestan, in Central Asia.

<i>Iris caucasica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris caucasica is a species of plant in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Scorpiris. Pronounced as 'kaw-KAS-ee-kuh'.

<i>Iris graeberiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris graeberiana is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus of Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial.

Iris narynensis is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial.

<i>Iris rosenbachiana</i> Species of plant

Iris rosenbachiana, the spinster iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, within Tajikistan and Afghanistan. It has long mid-green leaves, short flower stem, sweet scented flowers in early spring in shades of purple.

Iris vicaria is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia, found in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has tall arching leaves, and has varied coloured flowers, with white, blue and purple between April and May.

Iris warleyensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long arching mid-green leaves, thin stem and spring flowers in shades of blue.

Iris zaprjagajevii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia. It has greyish-green leaves, short stem and white flowers with a yellow crest.

<i>Iris maracandica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris maracandica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Uzbekistan, Central Asia. It has short stems, scented spring flowers in shades of yellow.

<i>Iris narbutii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris narbutii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia. It has dark green leaves, short stems, spring flowers in shades of greenish-yellow to pale violet.

<i>Iris tubergeniana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris tubergeniana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, in the former states of USSR. It has pale green, pointed or sickle shaped leaves, short flowering stem holding 1-3 spring flowers in shades of yellow.

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves, lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

<i>Iris darwasica</i> Species of plant

Iris darwasica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan. It has long and thin glaucous to grey-green leaves, slender stem and greenish cream or greenish yellow, to dark purple or lilac flowers.

<i>Iris imbricata</i> Species of plant

Iris imbricata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains, within Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. It has broad, sword-like, yellow green or light green leaves, slender stem with branches, inflated and overlapping green spathes, and 2–5 yellow, pale yellow or greenish yellow flowers.

Iris camillae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Azerbaijan. It has narrow, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, medium-sized stem and large flowers, where the flower colour is very variable, ranging from violet, purple, pale blue, and also yellow, and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. It has a yellow beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Juno orchioides". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Iris orchioides Carrière". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "IRIS FLEUR-DE-LYS Iridaceae (Iris family)". www.hillkeep.ca. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Iris cycloglossa". navigate.botanicgardens.org (Denver Botanic Gardens). Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  6. 1 2 "Iris orchioides". www.signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 "North American Rock Garden Society Fall Newsletter" (PDF). September 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  8. 1 2 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 255, at Google Books
  9. ↑ Dykes, W.R. (1976). A handbook of Garden Irises. London: Martin Hopkinson Company Ltd. p. 89. ISBN   978-0913728086 . Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  10. 1 2 Anna Pavord The Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants at Google Books
  11. ↑ "Iris orchioides". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  12. ↑ Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) , p. 281, at Google Books
  13. 1 2 3 "Iris orchioides". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  14. ↑ "Iris orchioides". eol.org. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  15. ↑ "(Spec) 'Orchioides Sulphurea [sic]'". wiki.irises.org. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  16. ↑ "Iris a orchioides KHIRGHIZIAN GOLD (Code: 386)". rarebulbs.lv. 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  17. ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books

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