Iris loczyi

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Iris loczyi
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Tenuifoliae
Species:
I. loczyi
Binomial name
Iris loczyi
Synonyms [1]
  • Cryptobasis loczyi(Kanitz) Ikonn.
  • Cryptobasis tianschanica(Maxim.) Nevski
  • Iris tenuifolia var. thianshanicaMaxim.
  • Iris tenuifolia var. tianschanicaMaxim.
  • Iris thianshanica(Maxim.) Vved.
  • Iris tianschanica(Maxim.) Vved.

Iris loczyi is a beardless iris in the genus Iris , in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from a wide area of Asia, including Afghanistan, Iran (the mountainous parts of Pakistan), Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Tibet and China. It has long thin grey green leaves, long stems and 1 flower in pale violet, blue violet, lavender or light blue.

Contents

Description

It was once thought to be a form of Iris tenuifolia , [2] especially in China. [3]

It has a slender, fibrous, knobbly or gnarled, brown-black rhizome. [3] [4] [5] It forms hard thick, tussocks or clumps of plants. [5] [6] [7] On top of the rhizome are maroon-brown, fibrous (or straw-like), remnants (of last seasons leaves), as sheaths (of the new leaves). [8] [9] [7]

It has long and thin, linear, green-grey leaves, measuring 20–40 cm (8–16 in) long and 2-5mm wide. [2] [4] [8] The leaves are sometimes evergreen. [9]

It has flower stems, that are 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long. [2] [10] [11] They are sometimes only just above the ground level. [3] [8] [12]

It has 3 green, lanceolate, between 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 1.5 cm wide, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [3] [6]

The stems hold normally 1, (rarely 2) terminal (top of stem) flowers, [2] blooming in late spring, [4] between April and June. [3] [8] [5]

The fragrant, [8] flowers are 4–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter, and come in shades of pale violet, [3] blue violet, [2] [10] [7] lavender, [9] [11] and light blue. [8]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [13] The falls are oblanceolate (top wider than the bottom) or slightly obovate, 6 cm (2 in) long and 1–2 cm wide. They are veined with a darker shade and have a white or cream (occasionally yellow), signal area (central area). [6] [7] [9] The single coloured standards are also oblanceolate, erect, 4.5–5 cm (2–2 in) long and 7–8 mm wide. [3] [4] [5]

It has a long, slender perianth tube of 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long. [5] [6] [9]

It has very short pedicels. [8] [5] It has 2.5 cm long stamens and 1.2 cm ovary. [3] It has short style branches, 4 cm long and 8 mm wide, in similar shades as the standards. [3] [4] [5]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a reddish-brown ovoid to cylindric seed capsule, 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long and 2 cm wide between June and September. The capsule has 6 veins, and a short beak-like appendage on the top. [3] [8] [5]

Biochemistry

In 2008, a study was carried out on the anatomical structure of the leaf and drought resistance of 4 different species of Iris ( Iris songarica , Iris potaninii , Iris loczyi and Iris lactea ) from Qinghai, China. It showed that all the species were strongly adaptable to drought conditions. [14]

In 2013, a chemical analysis study was carried on Iris loczyi and Iris unguicularis , as both plants are known as medicinally important. [15] [16] Iris loczyi contains the compounds 'Arborinone' and 'Irisoid A'. [17]

Genetics

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [13] It has a chromosome count: 2n=20. [9]

Taxonomy

It is written as 天山鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as tian shan yuan wei in China. [3] [18]

It has the common name of Tianshan iris (in China), [19] [20] or Tian Shan Mountain iris [18] or Iris Lochan (or Iris Lochi) (in Russia). [6] [21] [22]

It was published and described by August Kanitz in Exped. Szechen (Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol) Vol.58. tab. 6. fig. 2. (with an illustration) in 1891. [10] [23]

The Latin specific epithet loczyi honors 'Lajos Lóczy' (1849–1920) the Hungarian geologist and geographer, [24] [25] who participated in Count Béla Széchenyi's (the son of István Széchenyi) 1877–1880 expedition to Central Asia, western China, Japan, India, Japan, Java and Borneo. [26]

It was originally found in Ala Archa Valley of Uzbekistan. [4]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014. [18]

As of January 2015, it is listed as unchecked by the RHS. [27]

Distribution and habitat

Iris loczyi is native to a wide region, of various temperate areas of Asia. [18]

Range

It is found in the western Asia countries of Afghanistan and Iran, [3] [4] [9] including the Caucasus regions of Pamir Mountains, Tien Shan (within Kometydavan Ravine and Se-chai River [5] ) and Baluchistan (the mountainous parts of Pakistan and Iran). [4] [11] [27]

In the middle Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, [18] and Tibet. [3] [4] [6]

It is listed with Iris bloudowii , Iris psammocola , Iris ruthenica , Iris sibirica , Iris tenuifolia and Iris tigridia as being found in the Altai-Sayan region (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together). [28]

It is found in China, [2] [9] [6] within the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai Sichuan, Xinjiang and Xizang. [3] [12] [18]

Habitat

It is found growing on high mountain grasslands, [4] [9] [5] (or steppes) [6] and sunny hillsides. [3] It is widespread on the mountains of Central Asia. [7] At altitudes of between 2,200 to 3,000 m (7,200 to 9,800 ft) above sea level. [4] [9] [12]

It is also found in clumps by the roadside in the Barskon Pass of Kyrgyzia. [29]

Conservation

It is listed in the IUCN 'Red Book' of the Republic of Tuva as a species at vulnerable status. [21]

It was mentioned in (under the name Iris tianschanica) in Czerepano's 'Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR)' in 1995. [30]

It is an endangered species in Uglovsky District of Russia. Only 20 individuals were counted. Although the plants were not eaten by cattle, destruction of the habitat is the major factor in limiting its range. [8]

Cultivation

Iris loczyi is not common in cultivation in the UK, [2] Europe, [9] [12] or Russia. [6] It is normally only grown by botanical gardens or collectors. [9]

It is hardy in Ashgabat and Tashkent. [6] It is tolerant of a wide range of temperatures. [9]

Like others in the Series Tenuifoliae, it prefers sandy well drained soils. [2] [8] [9]

It prefers positions in full sun. [12] It prefers to be kept dry during the winter, needing the protection of bulb frames (in the UK). [2]

Aphid Dysaphis tulipae can be found on the plant. [31]

Propagation

It can be propagated by division or by seed growing. But the seeds need to be scarified and the seedlings need a constant temperature of 25°C. [9]

Uses

In China, it is forbidden to export plants or seeds. The reason is not known, but may be due to the medicinal usage of the plants. [9]

Related Research Articles

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Iris sibirica, commonly known as Siberian iris or Siberian flag, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Europe and Central Asia. It has long green grass-like leaves, tall stem, 2–5 violet-blue, to blue, and occasionally white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris japonica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris japonica, commonly known as fringed iris, shaga and butterfly flower, is a native of China and Japan. It is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and within the Lophiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with pale blue, lavender or white flowers with an orange or yellow crest. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris milesii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris milesii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous, beardless perennial plant, native to the Himalayas, India and China. It has pinkish-violet, or pinkish purple, or pinkish-lavender or pinkish lilac flowers, with a fringed yellow or orange crest. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sanguinea</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sanguinea is a rhizomatous flowering plant in the genus Iris and in the series Sibiricae. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It is one of the species considered a Japanese iris. It is from Asia, found between Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan and Korea. It has grey green leaves, an unbranched flowering stem and flowers in reddish-purple shades, from blue to blue-purple, red-violet, with a rare white variant.

<i>Iris orchioides</i> Species of orchid

Iris orchioides, the 'orchid iris,' is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial, from the mountains of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. It has dark green leaves, slender stems, up to three yellow flowers in spring. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris lactea</i> Species of plant

Iris lactea is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and is the only species in the series Ensatae. The Japanese water iris, Iris ensata, is actually in series Laevigatae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Asia, with pale blue or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris ruthenica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris ruthenica, sometimes called ever blooming iris, Russian iris, pilgrim iris and Hungarian iris, is a species in the genus Iris- subgenus Limniris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with a wide distribution, ranging from eastern Europe to Central Asia. It has grass-like leaves, thick stem and violet or bluish lavender flowers which are marked with violet veining.

<i>Iris typhifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris typhifolia is a species in the genus Iris, also the subgenus Limniris and in the series Sibiricae. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has slender, twisted leaves, deep green slender hollow stem and 2 violet-blue flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris bungei is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Mongolia, Tibet and China. It has green leaves, short stem and 2 violet, purple, lavender or blue flowers.

Iris songarica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Central Asia, located in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2–3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.

<i>Iris tenuifolia</i> Species of plant

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Iris ventricosa is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Asia and the Russian Federation, to Mongolia and China. It has grey-green leaves, short flowers stems and 1–2 pale violet or pale blue flowers.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris humilis</i> Species of plant

Iris humilis is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with a wide distribution range from Europe to Russia to China, via Mongolia and Kazakhstan. It has sword-shaped leaves, a short stem and yellow flowers with an orange beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris potaninii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris potaninii is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Siberia in Russia, Mongolia and China. It is a dwarf plant, having either subterranean or very small stems, long thin leaves and yellow, or dark violet to purplish blue flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris tigridia</i> Species of plant of the genus Iris

Iris tigridia is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris glaucescens</i> Species of plant

Iris glaucescens is a plant species in the genus Iris and subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, found in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has blue-grey sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem, and spring flowers in blue-violet, pale violet, lilac-purple, to deep purple, to light bluish, and almost white shades. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again, although some sources still call it a synonym of Iris scariosa.

<i>Iris scariosa</i> Species of plant

Iris scariosa is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the mountainsides of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has sword-like, or sickle shaped, blue green or grey-green leaves, a short flowering stem, 3 or 4 membranous or semi-transparent flower bud leaves, 2 violet, reddish violet, lilac, blue-purple, or blue flowers in late spring, with yellow or white beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and Iris glaucescens became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it the main species, despite a slight colour difference.

References

  1. ↑ "Iris loczyi Kanitz is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 139. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 305". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Iris loczyi". alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol.IV" . Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Subgenus Tenuifolia (Tenuifolia) – fine-leaved irises". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Master List of Archibald Seed" (PDF). srgc.net (Scottish Rock Garden Club). Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hrustaleva., I.A. "IRIS LOCZYI KANITZ – IRIS (iris) Lochan". lesnoj-atlas.com. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Chapitre II iris a touffe et autre (partie2)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 20 January 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  10. 1 2 3 Franco, Alain (6 December 2013). "(SPEC) Iris loczyi Kanitz". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris loczyi syn. I. tenuifolia". rareplants.de. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  13. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.}
  14. ↑ Wang, Jun; Gao, Yi-ke (May 2008). "Study on the Relationship between Leaf Anatomical Structure and Drought Resistance of Four Species of Iris". Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences. Landscape Architecture College of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  15. ↑ Mosihuzzmana, Mohmmed; Naheedb, Suad; Hareema, Sumaira; Taliba, Sumaira; Abbasc, Ghulam; Khana, Shamsun Nahar; Choudharya, Muhammad Iqbal; Senerd, Bilge; Tareene, Rasool Baksh; Israra, Mudassir (27 February 2013). "Studies on α-glucosidase inhibition and anti-glycation potential of Iris loczyi and Iris unguicularis". Life Sciences. 92 (3). Elsevier: 187–192. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.11.022. PMID   23270944.
  16. ↑ Q. Ashton Acton Glucosidases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition , p. 271, at Google Books
  17. ↑ Goutam Brahmachari Discovery and Development of Antidiabetic Agents from Natural Products (2017 , p. 254, at Google Books
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Iris loczyi". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  19. ↑ "Sect. Limniris Tausch". frps.eflora.cn. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  20. ↑ "Iris loczyi Kanitz". flph.org (Flora of Pan Himalayas). Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  21. 1 2 "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  22. ↑ "Iris tianschanica (Maxim.) Vved. ex Woronow". plantarium.ru. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  23. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris loczyi Kanitz". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  24. ↑ István Fzy and István Szente Fossils of the Carpathian Region , p. 34, at Google Books
  25. ↑ Valerie Hansen The Silk Road: A New History , p. 167, at Google Books
  26. ↑ "Aurel Stein – Flowers to Lajos Lóczy". shahon.org. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  27. 1 2 "Iris loczyi". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  28. ↑ "Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion". bioaltai-sayan.ru. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  29. ↑ "Kyrgyzia, A Greentours Itinerary" (PDF). greentours.co.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  30. ↑ S. K. Czerepano Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR) , p. 281, at Google Books
  31. ↑ R. L. Blackman, Victor F. Eastop Aphids on the World's Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs , p. 553, at Google Books

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