Iris xanthospuria

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Iris xanthospuria
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Spuriae
Species:
I. xanthospuria
Binomial name
Iris xanthospuria
Synonyms [1]
  • Chamaeiris xanthospuria(B.Mathew & T.Baytop) M.B.Crespo
  • Xyridion xanthospurium(B.Mathew & T.Baytop) Rodion.

Iris xanthospuria is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae . It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey with yellow flowers. It was originally known as 'Turkey yellow'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

It is different in form to Iris pseudacorus , another yellow flowering iris found in Turkey. [2]

It has a thick rhizome, covered with the fibrous remains of the bases of the previous seasons leaves. [3]

It has grey-green, tough and erect leaves. [3] [4] They can grow up to between 30–80 cm (12–31 in) long, [2] and 1–2 cm wide. [3] [4] [5] The leaves are generally equal or shorter than the stems, [4] and also evergreen. [2] [6]

It has stems with between 1 – 2 compact, erect branches, [3] that can grow up to between 30–100 cm (12–39 in) long. [7] [8] [9]

The stems have 2–5, [4] green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), that are 6–12 cm long, with membranous margins. [3] [4] The stems or peduncle hold 2–5, [4] terminal (top of stem) flowers, between spring and summer, [10] in April–May. [3] [5]

The flowers are smaller than Iris crocea , 9–11 cm (4–4 in) in diameter, [5] that come in shades of yellow, [8] [9] deep yellow flowers, [4] [7] [10] golden yellow, [3] lemon-yellow, [11] and vivid yellow. [12] deep, rich yellow flowers. [10]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [2] [13] The falls are 5.5–7.5 cm (2–3 in) long and have orbicular blade, broadly elliptical or ovate, 2.5–3 cm long and 0.7–1.2 (−1.5) cm wide. [2] [3] [4] They sometimes have a darker yellow patch on the blade of the falls. [11] They also have an un-winged claw (section closest to the stem). [3] [4] The upright standards are oblanceolate and 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long and 1.3–2.4 cm wide. [2] [3] [4] They are also paler in colour. [11]

It has 2–4 cm long pedicels, 1.5–2 cm long ovary, that has a beak-like point and a small, 0.7–1 cm long perianth tube. [3]

It has 4–4.5 cm long and 0.7–1.2 cm wide style branches, that are sharply recurved, and have broadly triangular lobes that are 4–5 mm long. [3] They are also paler in colour, similar to the standards. [11]

After the iris has flowered, it produces an oblong, seed capsule, that is 4–5 cm long, with a tapering beak, up to 3 cm long. [3]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [13] It has a chromosome count: 2n=40. [4] [7] [8]

Taxonomy

In Russia it is known as 'Ksanthospuria Iris'. [14]

In Czech, it is known as 'Žlutěpochybný iris'. [15]

In Turkish, it is known as 'Altin susen', [2] [16] (meaning 'Gold Iris'). [6]

It has the common name of 'Turkey yellow'. [4] [7] [8]

The Latin specific epithet xanthospuria refers to a combination of 'xanthos' meaning yellow, [17] and 'spuria' from Iris spuria .

In 1948, Dr. Lee W. Lenz was given some seeds from Professor Haydar Bagda of Ankara University. He grew these into a plant, which he called "Turkey Yellow". [3]

It was first published and described as Iris xanthospuria by Brian Mathew and Turhan Baytop in 'The Garden' (published in London) Vol.107 Issue11, page446 in 1982. [18] [19]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 3 December 2004. [19]

Iris xanthospuria is an accepted name by the RHS. [20]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to western Asia. [19]

Range

It was first grown from seed, collected near Ankara, Turkey in 1948, other specimens have been found in Muğla and Antakya. [4] [5] [12]

It is found in Turkey, [10] [18] [19] (including along the edges of Koycegiz Lake, [2] in Hatay, [5] ) and Syria. [19]

Habitat

Iris xanthospuria grows in marshy meadows, [3] [5] [7] in swampy areas, [2] and beside stream sides. [3] [5] [7] Some habitats are known to dry out in summer. [5]

It has also been found within Eucalyptus plantations. [5]

It grows at altitudes of between 40-1000m above sea level. [3] [7] [21]

Conservation

It is listed as rare and threatened. [9] [10]

Some plants have been found in Marmaris National Park and the Gokova and Datça-Bozburun Special Protection Areas. With other rare endemic plants such as; Allium sandrasic , Arenaria lusche , Centaurea cariensis , Eryngium thorifoli , Ferulago mughlai , Gypsophila confertiflor , Isatis pinnatilob , Sedum carica , Senecio sandrasicus , Sideritis leptocla , Sideritis albiflora , Silene tunicoides and Thymus cariensis . [22]

Cultivation

It is hardy to −15 °C. [5]

It prefers to grow in good heavy garden soil, [5] it is tolerant of most soils, as long as there is plenty of moisture during the growing season. [2] [6]

It prefers positions in full sun. [2] [5] [6] [9]

Propagation

It can also be propagated by division (splitting the rhizomes of established plants) or by seed growing. [2]

Hybrids and cultivars

It is used in hybridization, due to the yellow colour of the flowers. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris spuria</i> Species of plant

Iris spuria is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elongated leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several subspecies; Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. demetrii B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn. and Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. It used to have 3 other subspecies, which have now been re-classified as separate species; Iris spuria subsp. halophila, Iris spuria ssp. sogdiana and Iris spuria subsp. notha . It has many common names including 'blue iris', 'spurious iris' and 'bastard iris'.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Spuriae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

Iris crocea is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, found in Kashmir. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is also commonly known as Golden Iris or Golden Flag. It was also known as Iris aurea for a long time, before that was regarded as a synonym of Iris crocea.

Iris kerneriana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a small rhizomatous perennial plant, with fragrant, yellow flowers from Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and known as Kerner Iris or Kerner's Iris.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

<i>Iris orientalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris orientalis is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey and Greece, with white flowers with a yellow mark or blotch. It was also known as Iris ochroleuca for a long time. It is commonly known as yellow banded iris in the U.S. and Turkish iris in the UK but also has some other less common names. It is very hardy and has been known to naturalize in various countries. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris notha</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris notha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial with deep blue or violet flowers from the Caucasus region. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was once Iris spuria subsp. notha, and can often be found under that name. It has the common name of fake iris or mimic iris in Russia.

Iris pseudonotha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with lilac and yellow flowers. It is commonly known as Lozhnonenastoyaschy Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, originally from Romania with violet and white flowers. It was once thought to be a subspecies of Iris sintenisii, but now classified as a separate species. It is also called Iris Brandzy or Prodan Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> carthaliniae</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, it is a tall iris with sky blue or white flowers. It was originally described by Fomin, as a separate species before Brian Mathew in 1981, added it to Iris spuria as one of its many subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris bloudowii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris afghanica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Afghanistan, with thin bluish-green leaves and creamy yellow or white flowers, that are veined with purple-brown. It has yellow-green or purple beards. Although, in the wild, it can vary in colour and size. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris junonia</i> Species of plant

Iris junonia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Cilicia, within the Taurus Mountains. It has glaucous short leaves, tall stems with several branches, numerous flowers in various colours from blue-purple, lavender, pale blue, cream, white and yellow, with brown veining and white tipped orange beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. Its status is still unclear, if it is a synonym of Iris germanica or a separate species.

Iris purpureobractea is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the cliffs and forest glades on the mountains of Turkey. It has straight or falcate shaped leaves, stem with several branches, the stem has purple spathes, it has up to 8 fragrant flowers, in various colours between yellow or blue. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris schachtii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Anatolia, in Turkey. It has small, thin grey-green leaves, a short stem with 1–3 branches, which are normally, covered with a green leaf with purple staining. It has 2 or more fragrant flowers in late spring, which come in shades of yellow or purple, or violet and yellow,. It has a yellow or white with yellow-tips beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but prefers regions with dry, hot summers.

Iris taochia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains and Turkey. It forms dense clumps, with grey-green leaves, simple stems of similar height, with 1–3 branches, a flowers in various shades from white, yellow to purple. They also have yellowish or white, tipped yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sari</i> Species of plant

Iris sari is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is from the rocky steppes and hills of Turkey. It has curved or straight leaves, cream, greenish or yellowish flowers which are variable and veined with crimson, purple-brown, reddish brown, reddish-purple or black. It has a dark maroon, rich crimson or brown signal patch and gold or yellow beard.

References

  1. ↑ "Iris xanthospuria B.Mathew & T.Baytop is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Plant of the Month – Iris xanthospuria". fethiyetimes.com. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Pries, Bob (19 January 2015). "(SPEC) Iris xanthospuria Mathew & Baytop". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 British Iris Society. Species Group (Editors) Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation&pg=PA187 pL6uPLo7l2gC , p. 187, at Google Books
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martyn (1991). Perennials Vol. 1. Pan Books Ltd. p. 188. ISBN   9780330327749.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Gold iris (Iris xanthospuri A)". palmiyemerkezi.com. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Walker, Ken (12 May 2007). "Iris xanthospuria". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)" . Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris xanthospuria". hillviewrareplants.com.au. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 61. ISBN   0715305395.
  12. 1 2 Rina Kamenetsky and Hiroshi Okubo (editors) Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production&pg=PA515 K0LNBQAAQBAJ , p. 515, at Google Books
  13. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.}
  14. ↑ "8. Prospects of Hybridization Siberian and Spur Iris". rfc-online.ru. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  15. ↑ "Bezkartáčkaté irises". zahradaweb.cz. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  16. ↑ "Iris xanthospuria (Sarı süsen) (ENDEMİK)". agaclar.net. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  17. ↑ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 333. ISBN   0304937215.
  18. 1 2 "Iridaceae Iris xanthospuria B.Mathew & T.Baytop". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris xanthospuria". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  20. ↑ "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "June". gocekevents.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  22. ↑ "Plant Diversity". marmaris.bel.tr. Retrieved 27 February 2015.

Sources

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