Ischaemum byrone

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Ischaemum byrone
Starr 040423-0301 Ischaemum byrone.jpg
In Haleakalā National Park, Maui
Status TNC G2.svg
Imperiled  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Genus: Ischaemum
Species:
I. byrone
Binomial name
Ischaemum byrone

Ischaemum byrone, commonly known as Hilo murainagrass or Hilo ischaemum, is a rare and endemic species of grass native to Hawaii. It is found on the islands of Kauai, Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii but has unfortunately been extirpated from Oahu, where it was once known to grow. [1] There are perhaps 1000 to 3000 individual plants remaining in total. [1] This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This grass is perennial, spreading via stolons, with stems reaching up to 80 centimetres (31 in) in maximum height. [1] It usually grows at the coastline, often in cracks in the lava cliffs. [2]

On the island of Hawaii, there are at least four populations and perhaps more scattered occurrences. At least one large occurrence has been recently destroyed by a lava flow at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. [3] There are at least five occurrences on Kauai and six on Maui with up to several thousand plants existing. [3] On Molokai, a 1994 count estimated about 1000 individuals. [3]

Threats to this species include volcanism, development, trampling, non-native plants, fire, and off-road vehicles. [1]

I. byrone flowering Ischaemum byrone (4832011541).jpg
I. byrone flowering

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<i>Phyllostegia</i> Genus of plants

Phyllostegia is a genus of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1840. It is native to certain islands in the Pacific. Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis, became extinct before 2021, and was delisted from the Endangered Species Act based on extinction.

  1. Phyllostegia ambigua(A.Gray) Hillebr - Hawaii Big Island, Maui
  2. Phyllostegia bracteataSherff - Maui
  3. Phyllostegia brevidensA.Gray - Hawaii Big Island, Maui
  4. Phyllostegia electraC.N.Forbes - Kauai
  5. Phyllostegia floribundaBenth - Hawaii Big Island
  6. Phyllostegia glabra(Gaudich.) Benth. - Hawaiian Islands
  7. Phyllostegia grandiflora(Gaudich.) Benth - Oahu
  8. Phyllostegia haliakalaeWawra - Maui, Molokai
  9. Phyllostegia helleriSherff - Wai'alae Valley of Kauai
  10. †Phyllostegia hillebrandiiH.Mann ex Hillebr - Maui but extinct
  11. Phyllostegia hirsutaBenth. - Oahu
  12. Phyllostegia hispidaHillebr. - Molokai
  13. Phyllostegia kaalaensisH.St.John - Oahu
  14. Phyllostegia kahiliensisH.St.John - Kauai
  15. Phyllostegia knudseniiHillebr. - Kauai
  16. Phyllostegia macrophylla(Gaudich.) Benth. - Hawaii Big Island, Maui
  17. Phyllostegia manniiSherff - Molokai, Maui
  18. Phyllostegia micranthaH.St.John - Oahu
  19. Phyllostegia mollisBenth. - Hawaiian Islands
  20. Phyllostegia parvifloraBenth. - Hawaiian Islands
  21. Phyllostegia pilosaH.St.John - Hawaiian Islands
  22. Phyllostegia racemosaBenth. - Hawaiian Islands
  23. Phyllostegia renovansW.L.Wagner - Kauai
  24. †Phyllostegia rockiiSherff - Maui but extinct
  25. Phyllostegia stachyoidesA.Gray - Hawaiian Islands
  26. †Phyllostegia tahitensisNadeaud - Tahiti but extinct
  27. Phyllostegia tongaensisH.St.John - Tonga
  28. †Phyllostegia variabilisBitter - Midway Islands but extinct
  29. Phyllostegia velutina(Sherff) H.St.John - Hawaii Big Island
  30. Phyllostegia vestitaBenth. - Hawaii Big Island
  31. Phyllostegia waimeaeWawra - Kauai
  32. Phyllostegia warshaueriH.St.John - Hawaii Big Island
  33. Phyllostegia wawranaSherff - Kauai
  34. Phyllostegia × yamaguchiiHosaka & O.Deg. - Oahu (P. glabra × P. hirsuta)
<i>Schenkia sebaeoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Schenkia sebaeoides, known as ʻĀwiwi in Hawaiian and lavaslope centaury in English, is a rare species of flowering plant. It is endemic to low shrublands in the state of Hawaiʻi in the United States. It is present on the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, Molokai, and Maui. At the time it was added to the endangered species list of the United States in 1991 it was known from seven populations for a total of fewer than 1000 individuals. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Adenophorus periens</i> Species of fern

Adenophorus periens is a rare species of fern known by the common name pendant kihi fern. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from one population in Puna on the island of Hawaii and a few occurrences on Kauai and Molokai. The fern occurs in wet mountain forests on volcanic slopes. It grows on trees. There are perhaps 2000 individual plants remaining. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Cyperus trachysanthos</i> Species of plant

Cyperus trachysanthos is a rare species of sedge known by the common names pu`uka`a and sticky flatsedge. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from Kauai and Oahu. It was known from Niihau, Molokai and Lanai, but it has been extirpated from these islands. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Diplazium molokaiense</i> Species of fern

Diplazium molokaiense is a rare species of fern known by the common name Molokai twinsorus fern. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is one of the rarest ferns. It has historically been found on the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, Molokai, and Maui, but it is thought to have been extirpated from four of them and today can be found only on Maui where fewer than 70 individual plants remain. The fern was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 1994.

<i>Dubautia plantaginea</i> Species of plant

Dubautia plantaginea is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name plantainleaf dubautia. It is endemic to Hawaii where it is the only member of the silversword alliance that is found on all six of the largest islands. Two of the three subspecies are rare and endangered. Like other Dubautia this plant is called na`ena`e.

<i>Cyperus pennatiformis</i> Species of plant

Cyperus pennatiformis is a rare species of sedge known by the common name coastal flatsedge. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it grows on the islands of Maui, Kauai, and Laysan. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Peucedanum sandwicense</i> Species of flowering plant

Peucedanum sandwicense is a rare species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name makou. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from Maui, Molokai, Kauai, and Oahu. It is threatened by introduced species of plants and animals. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

<i>Plantago princeps</i> Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae

Plantago princeps is a rare species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name ale. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from the islands of Hawaii, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Maui. Like other Hawaiian Plantago, it is known as kuahiwi laukahi, or laukahi kuahiwi. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Peristylus holochila is a rare species of orchid known by the common name Hawaii bog orchid. It is endemic to Hawaii. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Schiedea membranacea is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name valley schiedea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Oahu. It has been extirpated from Maui and Molokai. Plants in a population known from Kauai are actually members of other species. Thus, the species is now endemic to Oahu. It is threatened by the degradation and destruction of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Silene lanceolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Silene lanceolata is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names Kauai catchfly and lanceolate catchfly. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from Oahu, Molokai, and Hawaii, having been extirpated from Kauai and Lanai. It is threatened by the degradation of its habitat and it is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Spermolepis hawaiiensis</i> Species of plant

Spermolepis hawaiiensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Hawai'i scaleseed. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from the islands of Kauai, Maui, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, and Hawaii. It is threatened by the degradation of its habitat and it is a federally listed endangered species.

<i>Solanum incompletum</i> Species of flowering plant

Solanum incompletum is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae known by the common names thorny popolo and popolo ku mai. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it occurs today on the islands of Maui, Lanai, and Hawaii. It is threatened by the destruction and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

<i>Stenogyne</i> Genus of flowering plants

Stenogyne is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family first described in 1830. The entire genus is endemic to Hawaii.

  1. Stenogyne strangulationA.Gray - narrow leaf stenography
  2. Stenogyne bifidaHillebr. - two cleft stenography - Molokai
  3. Stenogyne methodicalnessA.Gray - bog stenography - Big Island
  4. Stenogyne cosmicallySherff - Maui
  5. Stenogyne campanulataWeller & Sakai - Kala Valley stenography - Kauai
  6. †Stenogyne incinerateHillebr - Maui but extinct
  7. Stenogyne cranwelliaeSherff - Big Island
  8. †Stenogyne haliakalaeWawra - Maui but extinct
  9. Stenogyne kaalaeWawra - Oahu
  10. Stenogyne kamehamehaeWawra - Molokai, Maui
  11. Stenogyne kanehoanaO.Deg. & Sherff - Oahu stenography - Oahu
  12. Stenogyne kauaulaensisK.R.Wood & H.Oppenh. - Maui
  13. Stenogyne kealiaeWawra - Kauai
  14. Stenogyne macranthaBenth. - Big Island
  15. Stenogyne microphyllaBenth. - Maui, Big Island
  16. †Stenogyne oxygonaO.Deg. & Sherff - Big Island but extinct
  17. Stenogyne purpureaH.Mann - Kauai
  18. Stenogyne rotundifoliaA.Gray - pua'ainaka - Maui
  19. Stenogyne rugosaBenth. - ma'ohi'ohi - Maui, Big Island
  20. Stenogyne scrophularioidesBenth. - mohihi - Big Island
  21. Stenogyne sessilisBenth. - Lanai, Maui, Big Island
  22. †Stenogyne viridisHillebr. - Maui but extinct
<i>Vigna owahuensis</i> Species of legume

Vigna owahuensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Oahu cowpea.

<i>Viola chamissoniana</i> Species of flowering plant

Viola chamissoniana is a species of flowering plant in the violet family known by the common name 'olopu. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Maui.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 I. byrone. The Nature Conservancy.
  2. ↑ I. byrone. Colorado State.
  3. 1 2 3 USFWS. I. byrone Five-year Review. August 2010.


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