Ischyropsalis

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Ischyropsalis
Ischyropsalis-hellwigi-1204.jpg
Ischyropsalis hellwigi
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Opiliones
Superfamily: Ischyropsalidoidea
Family: Ischyropsalididae
Subfamily: Ischyropsalidinae
Genus: Ischyropsalis
C.L. Koch, 1839
Type species
Ischyropsalis kollari
C.L. Koch, 1839
Species

See text

Diversity
24 species

Ischyropsalis is a genus of harvestmen in the monotypic family Ischyropsalididae, with 24 described species. [1] [2] . They are found in Europe. [1] [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Description

The genus Ischyropsalis was described by C.L. Koch, 1839, with the type species Ischyropsalis kollari C.L. Koch, 1839. Species in this genus range in body length from about 4 to 8.5 mm. They have moderately long legs. The greatly enlarged chelicerae can be almost twice as long as the body. While they share this feature with the Nipponopsalididae, this is a case of convergent evolution. The elongated pedipalps are rather slender. Some species occur in caves. [6]

Distribution

Members of this genus are restricted to Europe, with many species found in the mountains (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathian Mountains, and Dinaric Mountains). They reach into the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and Poland in the north and to Southern Italy (i.e. Calabria) in the south. A find from Sardinia is considered doubtful. [6]

Species

These 24 species belong to the genus Ischyropsalis:

The following may be valid since 2023:

and as valid (restored?):

Etymology

The genus is feminine. The genus name is a combination of Ancient Greek ischyros "strong" and psalis "shears", referring to the greatly enlarged chelicerae.

Taxonomic synonyms

The following are a selection of proposed synonyms, hence no longer valid. [5]

  • I. alfkeniRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. muellneri
  • I. amseliRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. adamii
  • I. archeriRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. dispar
  • I. asturicaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. nodifera
  • I. austriacaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. manicata
  • I. balcanicaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. manicata
  • I. bosnicaRoewer, 1914, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. caporiaccoiRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. luteipes
  • I. corcyraeaRoewer, 1914, synonym of I. muellneri
  • I. corsicaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. nodifera
  • I. dacicaRoewer, 1916, synonym of I. manicata
  • I. danubiaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. franziRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. hellwigii
  • I. goodnightiRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. dispar
  • I. helveticaRoewer, 1916, synonym of I. dentipalpis, I. manicata
  • I. janetschekiRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. nodifera
  • I. kastneriRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. manicata
  • I. knirschiRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. strandi
  • I. kratochviliRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. adamii
  • I. lusitanicaRoewer, 1923, synonym of I. robusta
  • I. moreanaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. nodifera, I. pyrenaea
  • I. nicaeaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. navarrensis
  • I. nivalisRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. nolteiDresco, 1972, synonym of I. dispar
  • I. pentelicaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. carli
  • I. pestaeRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. luteipes
  • I. plicataRoewer, 1923, synonym of I. hellwigii
  • I. reimoseriRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. segregataRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. spinichelisRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. strasseriRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. styriacaRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. kollari
  • I. turkiRoewer, 1950, synonym of I. navarrensis

According to L. Labrada and C. Prieto in Schönhofer (2013), [5] "Establishment of the present-day taxonomy and validating species-specific characters in Ischyropsalis have been mainly facilitated by the thorough revision of Martens (1969). Having been unable to borrow many types from the Iberian Peninsula, part of his work remained hypothetical for that local fauna, which was later corrected by Dresco (e.g. 1970, 1972), Luque (1991, 1992) and Prieto (1990a, 1990b). Of the 42 species described or emended by Roewer (1914, 1916, 1923, 1950, 1953a) only two remain valid."

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opiliones</span> Order of arachnids (harvestmen/daddy longlegs)

The Opiliones are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. As of April 2017, over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dicranopalpus</span> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Dicranopalpus is a genus of harvestmen with twelve known recent species. Three fossil species have been described, all from Baltic amber, but only D. ramiger is currently considered valid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dyspnoi</span> Suborder of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Dyspnoi is a suborder of harvestmen, currently comprising 43 extant genera and 356 extant species, although more species are expected to be described in the future. The eight families are currently grouped into three superfamilies: the Acropsopilionoidea, Ischyropsalidioidea, and Troguloidea.

<i>Phalangium</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Phalangium is a genus of harvestmen that occur mostly in the Old World. The best known species is Phalangium opilio, which is so common in many temperate regions that it is simply called "harvestman".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phalangiidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Phalangiidae are a family of harvestmen with about 380 known species. The best known is Phalangium opilio. Dicranopalpus ramosus is an invasive species in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sclerosomatidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Sclerosomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 1,300 known species. One former subfamily has been recently removed to form a new family, Globipedidae.

<i>Leiobunum</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Leiobunum is a genus of the harvestman family Sclerosomatidae with more than 100 described species. Contrary to popular belief, they are not spiders, although they share a resemblance. They are arachnids, in the order Opiliones, harvestmen. Species in Leiobunum tend to have relatively long legs compared with other harvestmen, and some species are gregarious.

<i>Sabacon</i> Genus of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Sabacon is a genus of the monotypic harvestman family Sabaconidae, with 59 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trogulidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen comprising 65 extant species in five genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nipponopsalididae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Nipponopsalididae is a family of harvestmen with three described species in one genus, Nipponopsalis, which is found in East Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ischyropsalididae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ischyropsalididae is a family of harvestmen with 35 described species in 3 genera, found in Europe and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemastomatidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cladonychiidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

The Cladonychiidae are a small family of harvestman with about 33 described species, within the suborder Laniatores.

Metasclerosoma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Sclerosomatidae from Italy.

<i>Leptoneta</i> Genus of spiders

Leptoneta is a genus of leptonetids that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1872.

Crosbycus is a potentially monotypic genus of harvestmen in the family Taracidae, with one species found in North America as of 2023, per the World Catalog of Opiliones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taracidae</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Taracidae is a family of harvestmen in the order Opiliones. There are 4 genera and 23 described species in Taracidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemastomatinae</span> Subfamily of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Nemastomatinae is a subfamily of harvestmen with over 125 described species in 19 (extant) genera. They are usually found in temperate regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ischyropsalidoidea</span> Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs

Ischyropsalidoidea is a superfamily of harvestmen with 9 genera, found in Europe and North America.

References

  1. 1 2 "Ischyropsalis". Kury, A. et al. (2023). WCO-Lite: World Catalogue of Opiliones. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Ischyropsalis". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  3. ↑ "Ischyropsalis". iNaturalist. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  4. ↑ "Ischyropsalis". GBIF. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 Schönhofer, A.L. (2013). "A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)". Zootaxa. 3679 (1): 1–68. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3679.1.1 . ISSN   1175-5326. PMID   26146693.
  6. 1 2 Gruber, J. (2007). Ischyropsalididae Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 145ff

Further reading

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