Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia

Last updated

Italian Institute of Technology
AbbreviationIIT
FormationOctober 2005;18 years ago (2005-10)
Type governmental organisation
Purposeapplication-oriented scientific research
Headquarters Genoa, Italy, EU
Location
Coordinates 44°28′30″N8°54′22″E / 44.4749°N 8.9062°E / 44.4749; 8.9062
Fields robotics, nanotechnology, and others
Official language
British English, Italian
Scientific Director - General Director
Giorgio Metta - Gianmarco Montanari
Main organ
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
Budget
~ 90 million per year
Staff
~ 1,900
Website www.iit.it

The Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) (in English: Italian Institute of Technology) is a scientific research centre based in Genoa (Italy, EU). Its main goal is the advancement of science, in Italy and worldwide, through projects and discoveries oriented to applications and technology. [1] Some account IIT as the best Italian scientific research centre. [2] [3]

Contents

In June 2016, the science journal Nature named Italian Institute of Technology among the list of the top 100 rising stars scientific institutes in the world, that is the ranking of the top 100 institutions which most improved their publication quality scores in the Nature index between 2012 and 2015, on world basis. [4]

In November 2016, the Nature Index database named IIT among the list of the top 100 scientific centres running successful international collaborations, on world basis. [5]

In February 2017, the scientific evaluation agency Anvur of Italy's Ministry of Education evaluated and ranked the Italian Institute of Technology as the top national scientific research centre for computer science-mathematics, biology, industrial engineering, psychology, and as the second national top for physics. [6]

Structure and scientific sectors

IIT was established by Italian government in 2003, and it started to work in October 2005. It receives around 90 million per year from the Italian Government. The founders decided to create it in Genoa because of the presence of the branches of important hi-tech companies such as Siemens, Ericsson, and Ansaldo STS.

Differently from other scientific institutes such as universities or Italian National Research Council (CNR), its scientific research fields are limited to few sectors. These scientific areas include:

IIT mainly collaborates to the local University of Genoa, and also has other affiliated research centres (twelve in Italy and two in Boston, USA). [7]

Future expansions

The Great Campus science technology park of Genoa Erzelli, Italy (December 2018) Erzelli Great Campus Genova.jpg
The Great Campus science technology park of Genoa Erzelli, Italy (December 2018)

IIT is currently constructing a new scientific centre, called Center for Human Technologies, in the GREAT Campus scientific technology park in Genoa Erzelli. [8]

The first IIT laboratory in the Genoa Erzelli park opened in November 2016 and is part of the robotics department. [9] Additional novel IIT laboratories were established and inaugurated in July 2019; [10] for these new scientific laboratories, the institute plans to recruit approximately 300 new researchers. [11]

The new research facilities will be dedicated to robotics, motion perception, neuroscience, human-robot interaction, computational statistics, neurogenomics, neurodiagnostics, and other scientific areas. [12]

H4E – Hub For Enterpreneurship

On 13 June 2023, H4E – Hub For Enterpreneurship was inaugurated in the Erzelli headquarters. [13] [14]

Delivered applications

iCub making facial expressions ICub sciencefestival 1.jpg
iCub making facial expressions

One of the main goals of IIT is to carry on projects able to produce real-life applications. Therefore, scientific projects are not oriented to reach theoretical discoveries, but rather to deliver new technologies in robotics and nanotechnology.

The most famous application developed and delivered by the Italian Institute of Technology is the humanoid robot iCub. IIT dedicates a complete facility [15] to the study and the development of this robot.

In 2014, IIT released BlindPad, an electronic device for blind people, developed by IIT researchers in collaboration with Istituto David Chiossone in Genoa. [16]

In 2015, the Italian Institute of Technology produced a robotics application for an artificial hand, a prosthesis able to replace a missing human arm. [17]

In June 2015, another of IIT's robot named Walkman, participated to the pre-eminent DARPA Robotics Challenge, in Los Angeles (USA).

In 2016, the Italian Institute of Technology won the robotics grasping challenge at the IEEE/RJS International Conference On Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2016) in South Korea. [18]

In 2017, IIT and Momodesign released a motorcycle helmet made of graphene. [19]

Scientific plans

The Scientific Plan 2009–2011 aims at developing the results of the start-up and sets a general framework which combines the integration and the reinforcement of the departments, the national network and the research platforms.

The Scientific Plan 2009–2011 is the evolution of the 2005–2008 plan, which was dealing with a large scale program on Humanoid Robotics. According to the 2005–2008 strategic plan, the Humanoid Robotics program had a strong interdisciplinary character, merging human and humanoid technologies through the development of 3 technology platforms: Robotics, Neuroscience and Drug Discovery and Development (D3), supported by a few facilities for nano-biotechnologies (such as material science, nanofabrication, chemistry and biochemistry, electron microscopy laboratories etc.). Each platform was meant to develop specific topics/tasks in different IIT research units, such as the Departments built in Genoa, or, in some cases, the external research units forming the multidisciplinary research network of IIT country-wide.

Platform-grid Platform-grid.png
Platform-grid

To date the research infrastructure of IIT in Genoa has been completed. It consists of more than 500 staff from 30 countries, operating in a 25000 sqm facility equipped with laboratories distributed over three Robotics departments (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Advanced Robotics; TeleRobotics and Applications) and two life-science oriented departments (Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, and Drug Discovery and Development, D3), and a few shared facilities including nanofabrication clean room, material science lab, chemistry lab, biochemistry lab, animal facility, electron microscopy, mechanical and electronic workshops. The growth of the Humanoid Robotic program at IIT is witnessed by the exceptional development of the iCub robot (see the movie below), which merges in a unique way the engineering, the neuroscience, and the material science know-how existing at the Institute.

The new strategic plan 2009–2011 aims at consolidating the capabilities accomplished by IIT in the start-up phase, by developing a few new platforms instrumental to the evolution of the Humanoid Robotic program, meanwhile providing new opportunities to foster technological solutions useful in many fields of everyday life. The new platforms represent the natural evolution of the existing ones, and they originate from the idea of making iCub closer and closer to a human, namely: to power the robot with portable, high efficiency energy sources, to develop smart materials with biomimetic characteristics, to investigate the interaction between artificial nanosystems and biological entities (such as cells) in view of future interconnections but also to assess safety issues. These activities, will be supported by an integrated multiscale computation activity. Though each one the above topics have their own rationale and field of application, their combination and synergic development within the humanoid robotic program is the great challenge of the 2009–2011 strategic plan of IIT. With reference to the scheme above, the 2009–2011 strategic plan prioritised technological platforms can be identified as:

  1. Energy: portable energy sources, plastic solar cells, energy harvesting, energy storage, energy scavenging, fuel cell technologies (descending from the Robotics platform. Relevant to self-powered technologies);
  2. EHS (Environment, Health, Security): interaction of nanosystems with biological entities, in pharmacology, therapies, and any other human environment (descending from the Neuroscience platform, the Drug Discovery and Development platform and from the nanobiotech facilities. Relevant for future safety standards at nanoscale currently targeted by all advanced countries, and of great relevance for quality assessment in many fields such as new materials, environment, pharmacology, food and agriculture, new security standards for living creatures and human environment in the presence of nanosystems);
  3. Smart Materials: lightweight nanocomposites, intelligent biocompatible surfaces, interface living systems/inorganic systems, textile/fiber engineering (descending from the Robotics platform and the nanobiotech facilities. Relevant for future non-metallic robots, for environmentally friendly materials, biocompatible materials, new generation sensors, etc.)
  4. 4D (Diagnostic, Drug-Delivery Development): this is an extension and a completion of the existing drug discovery development platform (pursued by the D3 department) . In addition to the D3 activities, advanced diagnostic tools such as chip for genomic and proteomic analysis, multifunctional magnetic/fluorescent nanoprobes, nanocarrier for in vivo drug delivery, nanospectroscopies will be developed.
  5. Integrated Multiscale Computational Technology: developing advanced modeling of complex systems of interest to the above platforms.

The implementation of the scientific program outlined so far will require the following actions:

  1. Empowerment of the shared laboratories, consolidating the interdisciplinary facilities in the following structures:
  2. Creation of eight IIT centers established nationwide:
  3. Launch of exploratory research programs (Seed projects) in collaboration with other research Institutions.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ASIMO</span> Humanoid robot created by Honda

ASIMO is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000. It is displayed in the Miraikan museum in Tokyo, Japan. On 8 July 2018, Honda posted the last update of Asimo on their official page stating that it would be ceasing all development and production of Asimo robots in order to focus on more practical applications using the technology developed through Asimo's lifespan. It made its last active appearance in March 2022, over 20 years after its first, as Honda announced that they are retiring the robot to concentrate on remote-controlled, avatar-style, robotic technology.

Developmental robotics (DevRob), sometimes called epigenetic robotics, is a scientific field which aims at studying the developmental mechanisms, architectures and constraints that allow lifelong and open-ended learning of new skills and new knowledge in embodied machines. As in human children, learning is expected to be cumulative and of progressively increasing complexity, and to result from self-exploration of the world in combination with social interaction. The typical methodological approach consists in starting from theories of human and animal development elaborated in fields such as developmental psychology, neuroscience, developmental and evolutionary biology, and linguistics, then to formalize and implement them in robots, sometimes exploring extensions or variants of them. The experimentation of those models in robots allows researchers to confront them with reality, and as a consequence, developmental robotics also provides feedback and novel hypotheses on theories of human and animal development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korea Institute of Science and Technology</span> Multi-disciplinary research institute in Seoul, South Korea

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Neuroinformatics is the emergent field that combines informatics and neuroscience. Neuroinformatics is related with neuroscience data and information processing by artificial neural networks. There are three main directions where neuroinformatics has to be applied:

iCub Open source robotics humanoid robot testbed

iCub is a one meter tall open source robotics humanoid robot testbed for research into human cognition and artificial intelligence.

Mriganka Sur is the Newton Professor of Neuroscience and Director of the Simons Center for the Social Brain at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is also a Visiting Faculty Member in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and N.R. Narayana Murthy Distinguished Chair in Computational Brain Research at the Centre for Computational Brain Research, IIT Madras. He was on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2010 and has been serving as Jury Chair from 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luciano Fadiga</span>

Luciano Fadiga is a neurophysiologist at the Human Physiology Section of the University of Ferrara and a Senior Researcher at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia of Genoa, Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IIT Research Institute</span>

IIT Research Institute (IITRI), also known historically and interchangeably as IIT Research Center, is a high-technology scientific research organization and applied research laboratory located in Chicago, Illinois. Previously known as the Armour Research Foundation, the IITRI is an independent corporation that operates collaboratively with the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) and the U.S. Government.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibercivis</span> BOINC based volunteer computing project

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genoa Erzelli GREAT Campus</span> Place in Italy, European Union

The GREAT Campus is a science technology park located on the Erzelli hill in Genoa, in northwest Italy. The park is partly under ongoing construction and partly already working. At the moment, it hosts several high tech corporations such as Ericsson, Siemens, and Esaote, in addition to a robotics laboratory of the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) and other companies.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Bicchi</span> Italian robotics scientist

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References

  1. NatureIndex.com - IIT outlook
  2. (in Italian) Corriere della Sera: "La facoltà immobile che rinuncia ad innovare", by Edoardo Segantini, December 2014
  3. (in Italian) Sassuolo2000.it - La prof.ssa Rita Cucchiara di Unimore nel Consiglio dell’Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia di Genova
  4. Nature.com - Catch them if you can
  5. NatureIndex.com - Top 100 bilateral collaborators
  6. (in Italian) Secolo XIX - La pagella ai centri di ricerca: l'IIT svetta in cima alla classifica, 23 febbraio 2017
  7. "IIT.it – Centers". Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  8. (in Italian) - ilSecoloXIX.it L’IIT s’ingrandisce con Center for human technologies e incubatore
  9. iit.it - Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences
  10. (in Italian) Primocanale.it - Inaugura il Center for Human Technologies di Iit a Erzelli, dove lavoreranno 270 ricercatori, 19 luglio 2019
  11. (in Italian) - ilSecoloXIX.it L’IIT s’ingrandisce con Center for human technologies e incubatore
  12. (in Italian) YouTube - High tech in Liguria. Moving to next level. Tutti gli interventi dei relatori. Intervento di Roberto Cingolani
  13. "Nasce H4E – Hub For Enterpreneurship, l'incubatore di start-up innovative di IIT per la Liguria". iit.it. 13 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  14. "Nasce H4E, incubatore di start up innovative di Iit". ansa.it. ansa.it. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  15. IIT.it – iCub facility
  16. BlindPad.eu
  17. (in Italian) Wired.it - Prima mano robotica
  18. (in Italian) laNazione.it Softhand Piaggio
  19. (in Italian) Ansa.it - Eicma: a Momodesign premio 'Basta sangue sulle strade'

44°28′30″N8°54′22″E / 44.4749°N 8.9062°E / 44.4749; 8.9062