Total population | |
---|---|
65,000 (by ancestry, 2020) [1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Greater Buenos Aires, La Plata Partido, Escobar Partido, Misiones Province | |
Languages | |
Rioplatense Spanish · Japanese (minority) | |
Religion | |
Buddhism · Roman Catholicism · Shinto | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Japanese diaspora · Asian Argentines |
Japanese Argentines are Argentine citizens of Japanese ancestry, comprising Japanese immigrants and their descendants born in Argentina. Japanese migration to Argentina began in 1908 with the arrival of immigrants from Okinawa and Kagoshima. [2] The first Japanese entered the country via Brazil and succeeding groups of immigrants tended to reach Argentina through the neighboring nations. In the pre-war years, Japanese Argentines were concentrated in urban small businesses, especially dry cleaning and cafes in Buenos Aires (see es: Café El Japonés), while some worked as domestic servants, factory workers and longshoremen. A minority of Japanese Argentines also engaged in horticulture, floriculture and fishery. There is an important Japanese community in the city of Belén de Escobar where they settled and specialised in floriculture.
Between the 1960s and 1970s, more Japanese immigrants arrived in the country.[ citation needed ] Many were attracted by the economic opportunities in agriculture. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, as of 2020 [update] there are 65,000 [1] descendants and 11,440 [1] Japanese nationals in Argentina.
There were about 6,000 ethnic Japanese in Argentina in the late 1930s. The Argentine government was friendly with Japan up until the twilight of World War II, when pressure from the United States and the losses by the Axis Powers resulted in loss of diplomatic relations and the Argentine government declaring war against Japan and therefore causing Japanese institutions in the country to close. In the post-World War II period, most ethnic Japanese decided to stay in Argentina. [3] Additional immigration occurred around the 1950s. [4]
In regions with a substantial Japanese population in Buenos Aires, institutions such as Japanese associations and Japanese language schools were established by early Japanese immigrants.[ citation needed ]
During the United States–Japanese conflict of World War II, Argentina remained neutral until 1943, which limited the impact of war on the lives of Japanese Argentines. However, restrictions included the ban on meetings, Japanese education, newspaper publication, as well as a freeze on Japanese assets—which remained effective between 1944 and 1946.[ citation needed ]
There are notable Japanese gardens in Palermo (Buenos Aires) and Belén de Escobar.
There is a bilingual Spanish-Japanese private school, Instituto Privado Argentino-Japonés or Nichia Gakuin. The origins date from 1922. [5]
The Asociación Cultural y Educativa Japonesa/Colegio Japonés (ブエノスアイレス日本人学校, Buenosu Airesu Nihonjin Gakkō), an overseas school for Japanese national children, is located in Buenos Aires and has elementary and junior high school education. [6] It was established in 1961. [6]
Prior to World War II, there were four Japanese newspapers in Argentina; the United States government influenced the Argentine government to close these publications in 1944. [3]
Asian Argentines, are Argentine citizens or residents of Asian ancestry. The vast majority trace their ancestry to West Asia, primarily from Lebanon and Syria, and East Asia, from China and Japan. However, there are other communities of South Asian or Southeast Asian origin as well. Asian Argentines settled in Argentina in large numbers during several waves of immigration in the 20th century.
Japanese Peruvians are Peruvian citizens of Japanese origin or ancestry.
Liceo Mexicano Japonés, A.C. ; Japanese: 社団法人日本メキシコ学院, romanized: Shadan Hōjin Nihon Mekishiko Gakuin, or [日墨学院] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |3= (help), transl. Japan-Mexico Institute) is a Japanese school based in the Pedregal neighborhood of the Álvaro Obregón borough in southern Mexico City, Mexico.
Koreans in Argentina form the second-largest Korean diaspora community in South America and the 16th largest in the world, according to the statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Their population declined by more than 50% between 1997 and 2003. Despite the small rebound in their numbers since then, they have been surpassed in size by the rapidly growing Chinese Argentine community. In the 2010s decade, the Korean community in Argentina has fallen behind Korean communities in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, Canada, Singapore, The United Arab Emirates, and Southeast Asia.
Belén de Escobar is a city in the urban conurbation of Greater Buenos Aires in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative seat for Escobar Partido.
Japanese Paraguayans are Paraguayans of Japanese ethnicity.
Japanese Bolivians are Bolivians of Japanese ancestry or Japanese-born people who reside in Bolivia.
Japanese Uruguayans are Uruguayan citizens of Japanese descent.
Japanese Chileans are Chileans with ethnic origin from Japan. The first Japanese in Chile were 126 immigrants hired to work in the mining industry in 1903. As of 2010, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated there to be a total of roughly 2,600 Japanese people living in Chile. Among them were 1,108 temporary residents, 504 permanent residents and approximately a thousand born locally.
Japanese Venezuelans are Venezuelan citizens who have full or partial Japanese ancestry. The first wave of Japanese came to Venezuela in 1931.
Japanese Cubans are people of Japanese ancestry resident in Cuba.
The Buenos Aires Japanese Gardens are a public space administered by the non-profit Japanese Argentine Cultural Foundation in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are among the largest Japanese gardens in the world outside Japan.
Gosei is a Japanese diasporic term used in countries, particularly in North America and South America, to specify the great-great-grandchildren of Japanese immigrants (Issei). The children of Issei are Nisei. Sansei are the third generation, and their offspring are Yonsei. The children of at least one Yonsei parent are called Gosei.
Japanese Caribbean people are people of Japanese ethnic origin living in the Caribbean. There are small but significant populations of Japanese people and their descendants living in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica.
Mexico City has a community of Japanese Mexican people and Japanese expatriates that is dispersed throughout the city. Many Japanese persons had moved to Mexico City in the 1940s due to wartime demands made by the Mexican government. Multiple Japanese-Mexican associations, the Japanese embassy, the Liceo Mexicano Japonés, and other educational institutions serve the community. The residents are educated through the LMJ, the part-time school Chuo Gakuen, and the adult school Instituto Cultural Mexicano-Japonés.
The Japanese in Latin America is a 2004 book published by the University of Illinois Press about Japanese Latin Americans. The author is Daniel Masterson, while Sayaka Funada-Classen gave research assistance related to the Japanese language. The book discusses all of the major Japanese populations in Latin America and some other groups of Japanese diaspora who are not as well known. The Japanese populations of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay in South America, Cuba and the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico are all discussed in this book.
Bolivian Argentines, sometimes called Boligauchos, are Argentine citizens of predominantly or total Bolivian descent or Bolivia-born people who immigrated to Argentina. In recent decades, Bolivia has become one of the main sources of immigration in Argentina, making Bolivians one of the largest Hispanic American immigrant groups in Argentina, along with Paraguayans, Peruvians and Venezuelans.
Instituto Privado Argentino-Japonés (IPAJ), also known as Nichia Gakuin (日亜学院), is a bilingual Spanish-Japanese elementary and middle school in Buenos Aires. It is the only school permitted by the Argentine Ministry of Education to require students to take Japanese, and it is the only bilingual Spanish-Japanese school in Buenos Aires. Its campus is located at Yatay 261 and Pringles 268 in the Almagro neighbourhood.
Laura Russo is an Argentine politician who served as a National Deputy from 2017 to 2021. A member of the Justicialist Party, Russo was elected in 2017 in Buenos Aires Province, and formed part of the Frente de Todos bloc from 2019 to 2021.
The Japanese Garden of Belén de Escobar is located in Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
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