Jean Cruppi (22 May 1855 –16 October 1933) was a French politician of the Third Republic where he held several ministerial posts. He started as a lawyer before becoming a magistrate. He was also a writer and journalist before his career in government. His first major posting was Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1908. [1] He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ernest Monis government,which lasted less than four months from 2 March –27 June 1911. Cruppi was responsible for sending soldiers into Fez,eventually leading to France's control over Morocco. In the aftermath,Cruppi held talks with the British in London at the start of the Agadir Crisis,which was caused by France's invasion of Morocco. [2]
He was married to author and activist Louise Cruppi. The couple married in 1882 and had four children. [3]
Edgar Jean Faure was a French politician,lawyer,essayist,historian and memoirist who served as Prime Minister of France in 1952 and again between 1955 and 1956. Prior to his election to the National Assembly for Jura under the Fourth Republic in 1946,he was a member of the French Committee of National Liberation (CFLN) in Algiers (1943–1944). A Radical,Faure was married to writer Lucie Meyer. In 1978,he was elected to the Académie Française.
Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue was a French politician who served as President of France from 1924 to 1931.
Théodore Steeg was a lawyer and professor of philosophy who became Prime Minister of France.
Joseph-Marie-Auguste Caillaux was a French politician of the Third Republic. He was a leader of the French Radical Party and Minister of Finance,but his progressive views in opposition to the military alienated him from conservative elements. He was accused of corruption,but was cleared by a parliamentary commission. This political weakness strengthened the right wing elements in the Radical Party.
Antoine Emmanuel Ernest Monis was a French politician of the Third Republic,deputy of Gironde from 1885 to 1889 and then senator of the same department from 1891 to 1920. He was Prime Minister of France for just under four months in 1911. He was also Minister of Justice in Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau's Bloc des gauches's cabinet (1899–1902) and Minister of the Navy in Gaston Doumergue's cabinet in 1913–1914.
The Republic of the Rif was a confederate republic in the Rif,Morocco,that existed between 1921 and 1926. It was created in September 1921,when a coalition of Rifians and Jebala led by Abd el-Krim revolted in the Rif War against the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. The French would intervene on the side of Spain in the later stages of the conflict. A protracted struggle for independence killed many Rifians and Spanish–French soldiers,and witnessed the use of chemical weapons by the Spanish army—their first widespread deployment since the end of the World War I. The eventual Spanish–French victory was owed to the technological and manpower advantages despite their lack of morale and coherence. Following the war's end,the Republic was ultimately dissolved in 1926.
Isaac-Jacob Adolphe Crémieux was a French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Justice under the Second Republic (1848) and Government of National Defense (1870–1871). Raised Jewish,he served as president of the Alliance Israélite Universelle,secured French citizenship for Algerian Jews under French rule through the Crémieux Decree (1870),and was a staunch defender of the rights of the Jews of France.
The Parliament of Morocco is the bicameral legislature of Morocco. It is located in Rabat.
Élie,1st Duke of Decazes and Glücksbierg was a French statesman,leader of the liberal Doctrinaires party during the Bourbon Restoration.
Mass media in Morocco includes newspapers,radio,television,and Internet.
Michel Poniatowski was a French politician,member of a legitimized line of Poland's princely Poniatowski family. He was a founder of the Independent Republicans and a part of the administration for President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Poniatowski served as Minister of Health from 1973 to 1974 and Minister of the Interior in the Giscard d'Estaing government from 1974 to 1977. He was a founder and honorary president of the Union for French Democracy.
Léon Marcel Isidore Geoffray (1852–1927) was a French diplomat and was later Ambassador to Madrid.
Roger Karoutchi is a French teacher and politician who has been serving as the first Vice President of the French Senate since 2020. He previously served as the French Ambassador to the OECD and as Secretary of State to the French Prime Minister,with responsibility for Relations with Parliament.
Mohammed Mzali was a Tunisian politician who served as prime minister between 1980 and 1986.
Bashir Saleh Bashir is a former aide of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. He was head of the Libyan African Portfolio,a sovereign wealth fund that invested Libya's oil wealth mostly in sub-Saharan Africa,and served as an intermediary between Libya,Africa and France. Bashir was captured after the Battle of Tripoli during the Libyan Civil War,but later escaped. Libya demanded that he be extradited because it was believed he was in France. Bashir spent Libya's oil money solely for the Gaddafi family,buying up hotels,mineral resources and shares in companies,eventually becoming what some Libyan officials and financial experts describe as one of the largest single investors in Africa. Libyan authorities believe that finding him is the key to finding $7 billion in missing Libyan funds. He is a close associate of French businessman Jean-Yves Ollivier.
Lucien Saint was a French administrator and politician.
Jean-Georges Humann was a French financier and politician. During the July Monarchy (1830–1848) he was several times Minister of Finance.
Louise Cruppi,née Crémieux (1862–1925),was a French writer,musician and activist.
Éric Dupond-Moretti is a French-Italian lawyer and politician who was appointed Minister of Justice in 2020 by President Emmanuel Macron. As a criminal defence lawyer,he is renowned for his number of acquittals which earned him the nickname "Acquitator",some of the controversial figures he defended,as well as his outspoken personality.
Amédée Marie Joseph Paul Révoil was a French diplomat and administrator who represented France in Morocco (1896–1901),was Governor General of Algeria (1901–1903) and was French ambassador to Switzerland (1906) and Spain (1907–09). He is known for his role in moving towards a peaceful extension of French influence in Morocco.