Jesus Church | |
---|---|
55°39′55″N12°31′19.5″E / 55.66528°N 12.522083°E | |
Location | Kirkevænget 5b 2500, Valby, Copenhagen |
Country | Denmark |
Denomination | Church of Denmark |
History | |
Status | Church |
Architecture | |
Architect(s) | Vilhelm Dahlerup |
Style | Historicism |
Completed | 1895 |
Specifications | |
Length | 50 m |
Width | 17.5 |
Height | 52 m (campanile) |
Materials | Brick |
Administration | |
Archdiocese | Diocese of Copenhagen |
The Jesus Church (Danish: Jesuskirken) is a church situated just off Valby Langgade in the Valby district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was commissioned by second-generation Carlsberg brewer Carl Jacobsen and designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup. Noted for its extensive ornamentation and artwork, it is considered to be one of the country's most idiosyncratic and unconventional examples of church architecture. The church was built as a mausoleum for Carl Jacobsen and his family and is located close to their former house as well as the former Carlsberg brewery site. Their sarcophagi lie in the crypt. Throughout the church, there are ornaments and inscriptions associated with the family.
Jacobsen's father, J. C. Jacobsen, had decided to bequeath Gammel Carlsberg to the Carlsberg Foundation. On his death, Carl Jacobsen received a sum of 1,000,000 Danish kroner. In 1883, he and his wife Ottilia decided to divide the money into four equal amounts, creating four "Ny Carlsberg Grants". The first of these was the "Ny Carlsberg Church Grant" that was to fund the creation of a new church in Valby within 10 years. [1]
Jacobsen had already acquired the land in 1879 and in 1882 he assigned Vilhelm Dahlerup to the project. He requested a church which would "surpass all other churches in Copenhagen in beauty", specifying that it should be in the style of early Christian basilica architecture as seen in Italy and France.
The sum proved inadequate but, thinking more about art than money, Carl Jacobsen continued the project regardless. On completion of the work, the costs had exceeded the original budget fourfold. [1]
Construction of the church was begun in 1884 and it was consecrated on 15 November 1891. However, the campanile was not added until 1894–95 as a birthday present from his mother.
The church's designer, Vilhelm Dahlerup, certainly the leading Danish architect of the period, is remembered for his historistic style whereby he created new buildings on the basis of older, classical examples. [2] There were, however, rather precise instructions on how the Jesus Church should be designed. In particular, Jacobsen provided Dahlerup with a number of photographs of the old churches and artwork in Ravenna, Italy, as an example of the ornate style he wished to see copied in Copenhagen. Dahlerup was also inspired by Notre-Dame la Grande in Poitiers, France, and by the synagogue in Toledo, Spain. [3]
The church is indeed designed in the classic style of an early basilica with a campanile or detached bell tower. For the Danish Lutheran community, its style and rich ornamentation were rather unconventional, prompting a fair amount of criticism at the time. At one point, Carl Jacobsen was described by his own priest as a freethinker, unready to follow the trends and the dogma of the day. [1]
Unusually, the church is oriented along a north–south axis with the altar at the southern end. It is built as a basilica with a triangular chancel, topped by a nonagonal dome with a pyramidal spire. The campanile tower stands close to the north-east corner of the church. [4]
The main facade is dominated by three large arches, resting on two heavy granite columns with characteristic twin capitals leading into the portico. Above the arches, the pediment has intricate ornamentation. In the corners are the four Evangelists' symbols: Mathew's angel to the lower left, Mark's lion on the upper left, John's eagle on the upper right, Luke's ox on the lower and at the very top in the centre, a naked Jesus leaning against a cross. The centre of the pediment boasts a rose window, the largest of its kind in Denmark, composed of cathedral glass in yellow, red and green nuances supported by cames of lead. It has a diameter of 4.5 meters.
Measuring 1.7 meters in diameter, the cast bronze clock face weighs 261 kg. The surrounding star made up of two triangles is made of massive wrought iron bars, weighing 900 kg.
The rear southern side of the church boasts two columns and an arch with carved symbols of the Zodiac. It rests on the heads of the Green Man and the Horned God. The top of the arch bears a cross with an opposite pentagram representing the "Brewer Star", a favoured Carlsberg Breweries symbol. This side of the building also features a niche with a cast bronze sculpture of the Good Shepherd.
The nave is flanked by two aisles with galleries borne by eleven pillars on each side. The arches above the galleries are supported by five pillars. The windows behind the galleries are decorated with glass paintings designed by C. N. Overgaard. [4]
The altar features a pentagram. Under the ceiling in the altar chamber runs a frieze depicting inter alia Godfrey of Bouillon and other Templar symbols as well as John the Baptist and Mary Magdalene at the feet of the cross of the crucified Jesus. The church also contains 12 glass mosaics, one of which depicts a horned Moses. The most conspicuous statement in the church is the inscription "You are Christ" painted on the arch leading into the altar chamber.
The chancel is divided into three tiers. The columns rising from the ground bear a gallery with a frieze by Stephan Sinding, Christ among the church's martyrs, fathers and reformers, while windows and sculpted angels decorate the dome above. [4]
On the gallery stands the organ built by the famous French organbuilder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. The font, designed by Jerichau, is in the shape of a shell. Water trickles into it down a cliff, between the angels of Faith and Hope.
The chancel also contains a memorial to the Jacobsen family, The Angels of Life and Death, the work of Pietro Tenerani based on a sketch by Thorvaldsen. There is also a memorial plaque in the chancel for Jacobsen and his wife Ottilia. [4]
The pulpit, a replacement designed by Mogens Bøggild, was installed in 1934.
The church was built as a mausoleum for Carl Jacobsen and his family. In the crypt below the church stand the family's Sarcophages. The campanile also commemorates the Jacobsen family. The four bells in the belfry are each named after one of Carl's four children who died in infancy: Alf, Beatrice, Thorvald and Erland.
The circular flowerbed in front of the church bears Jerichau's crucifix. It replaces a copy of Michelangelo's sculpture Moses from the church San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome that was transferred to the Carlsberg Glyptoteque. Adjacent to the crucifix but just outside the church's perimeter, Jacobsen placed the sculpture Troll that smells Christian blood depicting a fierce-looking troll reaching out for the crucifix. As the tableau proved too controversial for the parish, it was quickly moved to the Glyptoteque garden. In 2002, the church tried to recover the sculpture, but the Glyptoteque would not part with it. A copy was therefore made and placed just in front of the church in its proper place.
The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, commonly known simply as Glyptoteket, is an art museum in Copenhagen, Denmark. The collection represents the private art collection of Carl Jacobsen (1842–1914), the son of the founder of the Carlsberg Breweries.
Carl Christian Hillman Jacobsen was a Danish brewer, art collector and philanthropist. Though often preoccupied with his cultural interests, Jacobsen was a shrewd and visionary businessman and initiated the transition of the brewery Carlsberg from a local Copenhagen brewery to the multinational conglomerate that it is today.
Trold, der vejrer kristenblod is a bronze sculpture made by Niels Hansen Jacobsen (1861–1941).
Valby ( ) is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. It is in the southwestern corner of Copenhagen Municipality, and has a mixture of different types of housing. This includes apartment blocks, terraced housing, areas with single-family houses and allotments, plus the remaining part of the old Valby village, around which the district has formed, intermingled with past and present industrial sites.
Emil Jens Baumann Adolf Jerichau was a Danish sculptor. He belonged to the generation immediately after Bertel Thorvaldsen, for whom he worked briefly in Rome, but gradually moved away from the static Neoclassicism he inherited from him and towards a more dynamic and realistic style. He was a professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and its director from 1857 to 1863.
Carlsberg, is an area located straddling the border of Valby and Vesterbro districts in central Copenhagen, Denmark approximately 2.4 km from the City Hall Square. The area emerged when J.C. Jacobsen founded his original brewery in the district in 1847. The first brewing took place on 11 November 1847 and production continued until 30 October 2008, when production was moved to Fredericia in Jutland. The Jacobsen House Brewery is however still located in the district and produces specialty beers. The entire brewery grounds spread over more than 30 hectares and is currently being transformed into a new city district in Copenhagen.
Jens Vilhelm Dahlerup was a Danish architect who specialized in the Historicist style. One of the most productive and noted Danish architects of the 19th century, he is behind many of the most known buildings and landmarks of his time and has more than any other single architect contributed to the way Copenhagen appears today.
The Ivar Huitfeldt Column is a monument at Langelinie in Copenhagen, Denmark, built to commemorate the death of Admiral Ivar Huitfeldt and his men from HDMS Dannebroge, which exploded and sank in the Battle of Køge Bat during the Great Northern War. The monument was constructed in 1886 to a design by Vilhelm Dahlerup. Ferdinand Edvard Ring was responsible for the statue of the Roman goddess of victory, Victoria, and for the reliefs, while Carl Brummer undertook the monument's architectural design.
The Ny Carlsberg Brewhouse is a historic, listed building in the Carlsberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, on the border between Vesterbro and Valby.
The Dipylon, or the Double Gate, is a landmark structure which spans Ny Carlsberg Vej in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Part of the now decommissioned Carlsberg Brewery site, it combines a double-arched gateway, from which it takes its name, with a clock tower.
The Elephant Tower is the most famous landmark of the Carlsberg district in Copenhagen, Denmark, the original brewery site of the Carlsberg Breweries. The tower takes its name from four large granite elephants which flank the gate, standing back to back carrying the tower on their backs.
Carlsberg Lighthouse, also known as the Lime Tower after the limestone which is its dominating building material, is a former lighthouse located in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The Carl Jacobsen House is the former home of Carl Jacobsen and one of the listed buildings in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The Winding Chimney is a 56 m tall disused Carlsberg chimney, now serving as a landmark in the Carlsberg neighbourhood of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Carlsberg Museum, situated next to the former home of Carl Jacobsen in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark, was the first home of his sculpture collection, now on display in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in the city centre. The building consists of a total of 20 galleries accumulated between 1892 and 1895 through a series of extensions to designs by Vilhelm Dahlerup and Hack Kampmann. It now serves as a venue for conferences, receptions and other events.
Ludvig Brandstrup was a Danish sculptor. He is remembered above all for his equestrian statue of Christian IX in Esbjerg but was also one of the most competent portraitists of his day.
Valby Langgade is one of the main streets of the Valby district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The c. 3.2 km long street runs from the southern end of Pile Allé and the Carlsberg neighbourhood in the east to Roskildevej at Damhus Lake in the west. The square and side street Valby Tingsted was the centre of the original village of Valby.
Vigerslev Allé is a major artery in the Valby district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Enghavevej in the northeast to Hvidovrevej in Hvidovre in the southwest. The first part of the street runs east-west, following the south side of the main railway line through Copenhagen on its way to Toftegårds Plads, the largest square in Valby. It later passes under the S-train network's Ring Line at Vigerslev Allé station before continuing southwest to the Ring 2 ring road just before entering Hvidovre Municipality at Harrestrup Å in Vigerslevparken.
Hotel Ottilia is a 155-room boutique hotel operated by Brøchner Hotels in two former brewery buildings in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark. The older building, known as the Malt Chamber, is from 1881 and was designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup. The other one, Storage Cellar 3, was built to a Functionalist design in 1969. Both buildings are listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places. The hotel opened in 2019. It takes its name after Ottilia Jacobsen, the wife of second generation Carlsberg brewer Carl Jacobsen.
Ny Carlsberg Vej is a street in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Sønder Boulevard in the east to the point where Pile Allé turns into Valby Langgade at the southeastern corner of the park Søndermarken in the west. The last cobbled part of the street passes through the Carlsberg neighbourhood. This section of the street is spanned by the Dipylon Building and the Elephant Tower, both of which were designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup in the ornate Historicist style and are among the most iconic buildings of the former Carlsberg brewery site.