Julian Hibberd

Last updated
Julian Hibberd
BornDecember 1969 (age 53) [1]
Alma mater University of Wales, Bangor (BSc, PhD)
Awards BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship (2000), Society for Experimental Biology President's Medallist (2005), The Melvin Calvin Award, International Society of Photosynthesis Research (2007) [2]
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Thesis Effects of elevated CO2 on biotrophic pathogens: powdery mildew of barley  (1994)
Doctoral advisor
  • John Farrar
  • Bob Whitbread
Other academic advisorsJulie Scholes, Paul Quick, John C Gray, Malcolm Press [5] [6]
Website

Julian Michael Hibberd (born December 1969) [1] is a Professor of Photosynthesis at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. [3] [2]

Contents

Education

Hibberd was educated at University of Wales, Bangor where he was awarded his first degree in 1991 followed by a PhD in 1994. [5] [7] [8] His PhD thesis investigated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on powdery mildew in barley and was supervised by John Farrar and Bob Whitbread. [9]

Research and career

Following his PhD, Hibberd completed three years of postdoctoral research at the University of Sheffield with Paul Quick, [10] Malcolm Press [4] and Julie Scholes, [11] investigating interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts. [12] [13] He moved to Cambridge to work with John C. Gray in 1997, [5] [14] [15] and started his own group in 2000.

The Hibberd laboratory investigates the efficiency of the C4 photosynthetic pathway, with the aim of understanding its repeated evolution and also contributing to improving crop productivity. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Hibberd's research has been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [23] [24] the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), [25] the FP7 program of the European Union, [5] and the European Research Council.

Hibberd was an Associate Editor from 2012 to 2022 of the scientific journal Plant Physiology . [26]

Awards and honours

In 2008 Hibberd was named by the journal Nature as one of "Five crop researchers who could change the world" for his research that is attempting to replace C3 carbon fixation in rice with C4 carbon fixation. This would greatly increase the efficiency of photosynthesis and create a rice cultivar which could "have 50% more yield" which "would impact billions of people".

In 2000 Hibberd was awarded a BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship to investigate the role of photosynthesis in veins of C3 plants. [2] [12] [27] In 2005 he was awarded a President's medal by the Society for Experimental Biology, and in 2007 The Melvin Calvin Award by the International Society of Photosynthesis Research.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photosynthesis</span> Biological process to convert light into chemical energy

Photosynthesis is a biological process used by many cellular organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in organic compounds that can later be metabolized through cellular respiration to fuel the organism's activities. The term usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, where oxygen is produced as a byproduct, and some of the chemical energy produced is stored in carbohydrate molecules such as sugars, starch, glycogen and cellulose, which are synthesized from endergonic reaction of carbon dioxide with water. Most plants, algae and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RuBisCO</span> Key enzyme of the photosynthesis involved in carbon fixation

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme involved in light-independent part of photosynthesis, including the carbon fixation by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose. It emerged approximately four billion years ago in primordial metabolism prior to the presence of oxygen on earth. It is probably the most abundant enzyme on Earth. In chemical terms, it catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crassulacean acid metabolism</span> Metabolic process

Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but they open at night to collect carbon dioxide and allow it to diffuse into the mesophyll cells. The CO2 is stored as four-carbon malic acid in vacuoles at night, and then in the daytime, the malate is transported to chloroplasts where it is converted back to CO2, which is then used during photosynthesis. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. This mechanism of acid metabolism was first discovered in plants of the family Crassulaceae.

C<sub>4</sub> carbon fixation Photosynthetic process in some plants

C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants. It owes the names to the 1960s discovery by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack that some plants, when supplied with 14CO2, incorporate the 14C label into four-carbon molecules first.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photorespiration</span> Process in plant metabolism

Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle or C2 cycle) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. The desired reaction is the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP (carboxylation), a key step in the Calvin–Benson cycle, but approximately 25% of reactions by RuBisCO instead add oxygen to RuBP (oxygenation), creating a product that cannot be used within the Calvin–Benson cycle. This process lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis, potentially lowering photosynthetic output by 25% in C3 plants. Photorespiration involves a complex network of enzyme reactions that exchange metabolites between chloroplasts, leaf peroxisomes and mitochondria.

C<sub>3</sub> carbon fixation Most common pathway in photosynthesis

C3 carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being C4 and CAM. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge</span>

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calvin cycle</span> Light-independent reactions in photosynthesis

The Calvin cycle,light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase,dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose. The Calvin cycle is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and also many photosynthetic bacteria. In plants, these reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled region of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and reducing power of NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce sugars for the plant to use. These substrates are used in a series of reduction-oxidation reactions to produce sugars in a step-wise process; there is no direct reaction that converts several molecules of CO2 to a sugar. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the Calvin cycle: carboxylation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.

The light compensation point (Ic) is the light intensity on the light curve where the rate of photosynthesis exactly matches the rate of cellular respiration. At this point, the uptake of CO2 through photosynthetic pathways is equal to the respiratory release of carbon dioxide, and the uptake of O2 by respiration is equal to the photosynthetic release of oxygen. The concept of compensation points in general may be applied to other photosynthetic variables, the most important being that of CO2 concentration – CO2 compensation point (Γ).Interval of time in day time when light intensity is low due to which net gaseous exchange is zero is called as compensation point.

The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction

Howard Griffiths is a physiological ecologist. He is Professor of Plant Ecology in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. He formerly worked for the University of Dundee in the Department of Biological Sciences. He applies molecular biology techniques and physiology to investigate the regulation of photosynthesis and plant water-use efficiency.

Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP<sup>+</sup>) Enzyme

Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.40) or NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in the presence of a bivalent metal ion:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase</span>

Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase, or PPDK is an enzyme in the family of transferases that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photosynthesis system</span> Instruments measuring photosynthetic rates

Photosynthesis systems are electronic scientific instruments designed for non-destructive measurement of photosynthetic rates in the field. Photosynthesis systems are commonly used in agronomic and environmental research, as well as studies of the global carbon cycle.

The evolution of photosynthesis refers to the origin and subsequent evolution of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is used to assemble sugars from carbon dioxide and a hydrogen and electron source such as water. The process of photosynthesis was discovered by Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physician and scientist, first publishing about it in 1779.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jane A. Langdale</span> British geneticist and academic

Jane Alison Langdale, is a British geneticist and academic. She is Professor of Plant Development in the Department of Biology at the University of Oxford and a Professorial Fellow at The Queen's College, Oxford.

CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization effect Fertilization from increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide

The CO2 fertilization effect or carbon fertilization effect causes an increased rate of photosynthesis while limiting leaf transpiration in plants. Both processes result from increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The carbon fertilization effect varies depending on plant species, air and soil temperature, and availability of water and nutrients. Net primary productivity (NPP) might positively respond to the carbon fertilization effect. Although, evidence shows that enhanced rates of photosynthesis in plants due to CO2 fertilization do not directly enhance all plant growth, and thus carbon storage. The carbon fertilization effect has been reported to be the cause of 44% of gross primary productivity (GPP) increase since the 2000s. Earth System Models, Land System Models and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models are used to investigate and interpret vegetation trends related to increasing levels of atmospheric CO2. However, the ecosystem processes associated with the CO2 fertilization effect remain uncertain and therefore are challenging to model.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis</span>

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide to carbohydrates via several metabolic pathways that provide energy to an organism and preferentially react with certain stable isotopes of carbon. The selective enrichment of one stable isotope over another creates distinct isotopic fractionations that can be measured and correlated among oxygenic phototrophs. The degree of carbon isotope fractionation is influenced by several factors, including the metabolism, anatomy, growth rate, and environmental conditions of the organism. Understanding these variations in carbon fractionation across species is useful for biogeochemical studies, including the reconstruction of paleoecology, plant evolution, and the characterization of food chains.

Barley is known to be more environmentally-tolerant than other cereal crops, in terms of soil pH, mineral nutrient availability, and water availability. Because of this, much research is being done on barley plants in order to determine whether or not there is a genetic basis for this environmental hardiness.

References

  1. 1 2 "Julian Michael HIBBERD: December 1969". London: Companies House. Archived from the original on 2016-06-10.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Julian Hibberd, Emmanuel College Cambridge". emma.cam.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
  3. 1 2 Julian Hibberd publications indexed by Google Scholar
  4. 1 2 Bungard, R. A.; Ruban, A. V.; Hibberd, J. M.; Press, M. C.; Horton, P.; Scholes, J. D. (1999). "Unusual carotenoid composition and a new type of xanthophyll cycle in plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 96 (3): 1135–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.1135B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.3.1135 . PMC   15363 . PMID   9927706. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Julian Hibberd biography". hibberdlab.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  6. ↑ "Dr Julian Hibberd, Department of Plant Sciences". University of Cambridge. 3 June 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-06.
  7. ↑ Hibberd, Julian Michael (1994). Effects of elevated CO2 on biotrophic pathogens: powdery mildew of barley (PhD thesis). University of Wales, Bangor. OCLC   33848839.
  8. ↑ Julian Hibberd's ORCID   0000-0003-0662-7958
  9. ↑ Hibberd, J.M.; Whitbread, R.; Farrar, J.F. (1996). "Effect of elevated concentrations of CO2 on infection of barley by Erysiphe graminis". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 48 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1006/pmpp.1996.0004.
  10. ↑ "Professor W Paul Quick". Sheffield: shef.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-10-26.
  11. ↑ "Professor Julie Scholes". Sheffield: sheffield.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04.
  12. 1 2 "President's medallists: SEB Bulletin July 2005". Society for Experimental Biology. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02.
  13. ↑ Julian Hibberd. Insights into the evolution of the C4 pathway? on YouTube , The Journal of Experimental Botany
  14. ↑ "GRAY, Prof. John Clinton" . Who's Who . Vol. 2016 (online Oxford University Press  ed.). Oxford: A & C Black.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  15. ↑ Knoblauch, M; Hibberd, J. M.; Gray, J. C.; Van Bel, A. J. (1999). "A galinstan expansion femtosyringe for microinjection of eukaryotic organelles and prokaryotes". Nature Biotechnology . 17 (9): 906–9. doi:10.1038/12902. PMID   10471935. S2CID   10151980.
  16. ↑ "The Hibberd Lab at The Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  17. ↑ Dodd, A. N. (2005). "Plant Circadian Clocks Increase Photosynthesis, Growth, Survival, and Competitive Advantage". Science. 309 (5734): 630–633. Bibcode:2005Sci...309..630D. doi:10.1126/science.1115581. PMID   16040710. S2CID   25739247.
  18. ↑ Hibberd, J. M.; Quick, W. P. (2002). "Characteristics of C4 photosynthesis in stems and petioles of C3 flowering plants" (PDF). Nature. 415 (6870): 451–454. Bibcode:2002Natur.415..451H. doi:10.1038/415451a. PMID   11807559. S2CID   4330920.
  19. ↑ Millen, R. S. (2001). "Many Parallel Losses of infA from Chloroplast DNA during Angiosperm Evolution with Multiple Independent Transfers to the Nucleus". The Plant Cell Online. 13 (3): 645–658. doi:10.1105/tpc.13.3.645. PMC   135507 . PMID   11251102.
  20. ↑ Hibberd, J. M.; Sheehy, J. E.; Langdale, J. A. (2008). "Using C4 photosynthesis to increase the yield of rice—rationale and feasibility". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 11 (2): 228–231. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.11.002. PMID   18203653.
  21. ↑ Wang, Peng; Fouracre, Jim; Kelly, Steven; Karki, Shanta; Gowik, Udo; Aubry, Sylvain; Shaw, Michael K.; Westhoff, Peter; Slamet-Loedin, Inez H.; Quick, W. Paul; Hibberd, Julian M.; Langdale, Jane A. (2012). "Evolution of GOLDEN2-LIKE gene function in C3 and C4 plants". Planta. 237 (2): 481–495. doi:10.1007/s00425-012-1754-3. PMC   3555242 . PMID   22968911.
  22. ↑ Tolley, B. J.; Sage, T. L.; Langdale, J. A.; Hibberd, J. M. (2012). "Individual Maize Chromosomes in the C3 Plant Oat Can Increase Bundle Sheath Cell Size and Vein Density". Plant Physiology. 159 (4): 1418–1427. doi:10.1104/pp.112.200584. PMC   3425187 . PMID   22675083.
  23. ↑ Marris, E. (2008). "Agronomy: Five crop researchers who could change the world". Nature. 456 (7222): 563–568. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..563M. doi: 10.1038/456563a . PMID   19052600.
  24. ↑ "Boosting rice yields generates optimism". southwestfarmpress.com. 2010-06-11. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
  25. ↑ "UK Government grants awarded to Julian Hibberd". Swindon: Research Councils UK. Archived from the original on 2016-03-21.
  26. ↑ "Plant Physiology Editorial Board". Rockville, Maryland: American Society of Plant Biologists. Archived from the original on 2015-04-22.
  27. ↑ "David Phillips fellows". Swindon: BBSRC. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05.
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