Julie Brigham-Grette

Last updated
Dr.

Julie Brigham-Grette
Juliebg norway 4.jpg
Brigham-Grette in Norway, 2008
Alma mater Albion College
University of Colorado Boulder
Awards American Geophysical Union Fellow 2016
Geological Society of America Fellow 2002
Scientific career
Fields Quaternary geology, Paleoclimate, Glacial Geology
Institutions University of Massachusetts Amherst
Theses

Julie Brigham-Grette is a glacial geologist and a professor in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst [1] where she co-directs the Joseph Hartshorn Quaternary Laboratory. [2] Her research expertise is in glacial geology and paleoclimatology; [1] she has made important contributions to Arctic marine and terrestrial paleoclimate records of late Cenozoic to recent, the evolution of the Arctic climate, especially in the Beringia/Bering Strait region, [1] and was a leader of the international Lake El’gygytgyn Drilling Project [3] in northeastern Russia.

Contents

Early life and education

Brigham-Grette received a BA in geology from Albion College (Michigan) in 1976 graduating magna cum laude. While an undergraduate enrolled in a course on Glaciers and the Pleistocene at Albion College, Professor Lawrence D. Taylor inspired her to study glacial geology and paleoclimatology.

In 1977, Brigham-Grette began her graduate studies at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) at the University of Colorado Boulder. There she worked with Professor John T. Andrews (geologist) investigating the glacial and sea-level record of a region of the Cumberland Peninsula on Baffin Island (eastern Canadian Arctic). Brigham-Grette received her M.Sc. in Geology in August 1980 with the thesis entitled “Stratigraphy, Amino Acid Geochronology, and Genesis of Quaternary Sediments, Broughton Island, S.E. Baffin Island, Canada. [4] ” Her master's research led to her dissertation project where she continued to focus on Arctic climate change and investigated the Pliocene-Pleistocene sea level history of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain working under the direction of Professor Gifford H. Miller (University of Colorado Boulder) and Dr. David M. Hopkins (U.S. Geological Survey). [5]

Brigham-Grette received her Ph.D. from the University of Colorado Boulder in May 1985 with the dissertation entitled “Marine Stratigraphy and Amino Acid Geochronology of the Gubik Formation, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska”. [5] Brigham-Grette's graduate degrees both incorporated the use of amino acid geochronology (Amino acid dating), [6] [7] a novel technique at the time. Amino acid geochronology, a dating technique based on changes in indigenous proteins preserved in carbonate shells, provides an estimate of the amount of time that has passed since the death of the organism. [8] Brigham-Grette utilized this technique to correlate regional stratigraphic sections in order to resolve glacial geologic and sea level history.

Research and career

Following her graduate work, Brigham-Grette was a Post-doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Quaternary Geology, Geomorphology, and Marine Geology at the University of Bergen (Norway) from November 1983 to December 1984 where she worked with Dr. Hans-Petter Sejrup on the Geochronology of Quaternary sediments in the North Sea. Brigham-Grette subsequently was a Post-doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Geology at the University of Alberta (Edmonton) and at the Geological Survey of Canada from May 1985 to May 1987 where she worked with Dr. Steven Blasco (Geological Survey of Canada), Bedford Institute of Oceanography) on the stratigraphy and geochronology of the Canadian Beaufort Sea Continental Shelf. In 1987 she became an assistant professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in what was the Department of Geology & Geography at the time (now Geosciences). Brigham-Grette was a Visiting Professor at the Alaska Quaternary Center, University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks from January–June 1990. In 1993 Brigham-Grette was promoted to Associate Professor becoming the third tenured female faculty member in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. [9] In 2001, Brigham-Grette was promoted to Professor. Brigham-Grette teaches courses in Glacial Geology and Glaciology, Quaternary Glacial Stratigraphy, Quaternary Geochronology, and Oceanography. Dr. Julie Brigham-Grette serves as the first woman department head for the Geosciences Department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (2013–present).

Brigham-Grette has served in numerous leadership roles in the international Arctic science community. Since 2008 she has been a member [10] of the Polar Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences and has been the chairman since 2014. [11] Brigham-Grette co-chaired the DOSECC Scientific Steering Committee to direct the renewed US Continental Drilling Program from 2010 to 2012 and was Vice-Chair of the DOSECC Board of Directors from 2011 to 2013. Since 2013 Brigham-Grette has been a member of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Governance Board. Throughout her career, Brigham-Grette has also served on and directed panels and committees for the American Quaternary Association, U.S. Arctic Research Commission Logistics Joint Task Force, National Science Foundation, Geological Society of America, Past Global Changes (PAGES), the National Lacustrine Core Facility (LacCore), and the National Research Council, among others. Brigham-Grette has also been an editor/served on the editorial board for the following scientific journals: Quaternary International, Quaternary Science Reviews, Climate of the Past.

Research contributions

Brigham-Grette has made significant research contributions to the fields of glaciology and Arctic paleoclimatology.

Brigham-Grette is recognized internationally for her leading role in the Lake El’gygytgyn Drilling Project. [3] The sedimentary sequence from Lake El’gygytgyn, a meteorite impact crater lake formed 3.6 million years ago, [12] was recovered in 2009 through an international research effort funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. [3] Lake El’gygytgyn contains the longest continuous record of Arctic climate from a continental location. Brigham-Grette was a lead principal investigator for the Lake El’gygytgyn Drilling Project along with Dr. Martin Melles (Germany), Dr. Pavel Sergeevich Minuyk (Russia) and Dr. Christian Koeberl (Austria). Brigham-Grette first received funding from NSF to conduct a pilot investigation of Lake El’gygytgyn in 1996. [13] Following a successful field season and interesting initial results, Brigham-Grette was awarded another NSF grant in 2000 [14] to conduct sediment coring and to investigate the modern limnological conditions of the lake. In 2005, ICDP funded the full proposal for scientific drilling at Lake El’gygytgyn. In winter 2009 during a 5-month field season, Lake El’gygytgyn was drilled through the ice and the entire sedimentary sequence was recovered; [3] drilling also recovered the rocks from the impact crater. The first paleoclimate results of the Lake El’gygytgyn Drilling Project were presented in the journal Science (journal) by Melles, Brigham-Grette and co-authors, [15] who investigated arctic climate history from the Lake El’gygytgyn record during the past 2.8 Ma (the Pleistocene). This paper was followed by another publication in Science (journal) in 2013 by Brigham-Grette and co-authors, [16] where Arctic climate history of the Pliocene portion of the Lake El’gygytgyn record was presented (2.6 to 2.8 million years ago). An important finding of both papers is demonstrating the significant impact of polar amplification. During the Pleistocene, Lake El’gygytgyn experienced numerous “super interglacials” with temperatures approximately 4-5 °C higher and precipitation approximately 300 mm higher than during the Holocenes. [15] In the mid-Pliocene Warm Period, when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were likely similar to today, summer temperatures at Lake El’gygytgyn were approximately 8 °C higher. [16] Some of the subsequent results of the Lake El’gygytgyn Drilling Project [17] were presented by over 50 scientists in a special issue of Climate of the Past [18] and a special issue of Meteoritics and Planetary Science. [19] Research on materials recovered from Lake El’gygytgyn Drilling Project continues today.

Teaching and outreach

One of Brigham-Grette's passions is teaching about arctic climate change. Since 2003 she has been the leader or co-leader of a Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) training program in Svalbard (Norway). [20] This program provides undergraduates with hands on research investigating the links between climate, glacial mass balance, sediment transport, and lake and fjord sedimentation from a location that has warmed significantly during the past 90 years. [21] Brigham-Grette has worked with four Polar TREC teachers since 2009 [22] [23] taking high school teachers to the arctic to participate in field research expeditions.

Brigham-Grette has also been outspoken about how paleoclimate data can help us understand current and future climate change. She has given numerous lectures [24] [17] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] and appeared on radio shows [32] talking about how Arctic climate has changed since the Pliocene and what we can expect as climate change continues.

Awards

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Julie Brigham-Grette". Leadership. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  2. ↑ "Joseph Hartshorn Quaternary Laboratory | Department of Geosciences, University of Massachuestts Amherst" . Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Melles, Martin; Brigham-Grette, Julie; Minyuk, Pavel; Koeberl, Christian; Andreev, Andrei; Cook, Timoth; Fedorov, Grigory; Gebhardt, Catalina; Haltia-Hovi, Eeva (2011-03-28). "The Lake El'gygytgyn Scientific Drilling Project Conquering Arctic Challenges through Continental Drilling". Scientific Drilling. 11 (11, March 2011): 29–40. doi: 10.2204/iodp.sd.11.03.2011 .
  4. ↑ Brigham-Grette, Julie (1980). Stratigraphy, amino acid geochronology, and genesis of quaternary sediments, Broughton Island, E. Baffin Island, Canada (Thesis).
  5. 1 2 Brigham-Grette, Julie (1985). Marine stratigraphy and amino acid geochronology of the Gubik formation, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska (Thesis).
  6. ↑ Brigham, Julie K. (1983-09-01). "Intrashell variations in amino acid concentrations and isoleucine epimerization ratios in fossil Hiatella arctica". Geology. 11 (9): 509–513. Bibcode:1983Geo....11..509B. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<509:iviaac>2.0.co;2. ISSN   0091-7613.
  7. ↑ Brigham, Julie K. (1983-04-01). "Stratigraphy, amino acid geochronology, and correlation of Quaternary sea-level and glacial events, Broughton Island, arctic Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 20 (4): 577–598. Bibcode:1983CaJES..20..577B. doi:10.1139/e83-055. ISSN   0008-4077.
  8. ↑ Miller, Gifford H.; Brigham-Grette, Julie (1989). "Amino acid geochronology: Resolution and precision in carbonate fossils". Quaternary International. 1: 111–128. Bibcode:1989QuInt...1..111M. doi:10.1016/1040-6182(89)90011-6.
  9. ↑ Hubert, John F. (2016-02-13). An Informal History of Geosciences at UMass Amherst. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN   9781523473304.
  10. ↑ "Polar Research Board Members". dels.nas.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  11. ↑ "Julie Brigham-Grette: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  12. ↑ Layer, Paul W. (2000). "Argon-40/argon-39 age of the El'gygytgyn impact event, Chukotka, Russia". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (3): 591–599. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35..591L. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01439.x. ISSN   1945-5100. S2CID   129281139.
  13. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award#9615768 - The Paleoclimatic Record of Elgygytgyn Lake, Ne Russia: A Pilot Study". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  14. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award#9905813 - Paleoclimate Record of El". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  15. 1 2 Melles, M.; Brigham-Grette, J.; Minyuk, P. S.; Nowaczyk, N. R.; Wennrich, V.; DeConto, R. M.; Anderson, P. M.; Andreev, A. A.; Coletti, A. (2012-07-20). "2.8 Million Years of Arctic Climate Change from Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Russia". Science. 337 (6092): 315–320. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..315M. doi:10.1126/science.1222135. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   22722254. S2CID   729119.
  16. 1 2 Brigham-Grette, J.; Melles, M.; Minyuk, P.; Andreev, A.; Tarasov, P.; DeConto, R.; Koenig, S.; Nowaczyk, N.; Wennrich, V. (2013-06-21). "Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded in NE Arctic Russia". Science. 340 (6139): 1421–1427. Bibcode:2013Sci...340.1421B. doi:10.1126/science.1233137. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   23661643. S2CID   35454967.
  17. 1 2 FrontierScientists (2012-07-09), Julie Brigham-Grette presents Lake El' gygytgyn Research , retrieved 2019-05-15
  18. ↑ "CP – Special issue – Initial results from lake El'gygytgyn, western Beringia: first time-continuous Pliocene-Pleistocene terrestrial record from the Arctic".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ↑ "The 2009 ICDP drilling project at the El'gygytgyn impact structure in Arctic Russia.: Meteoritics & Planetary Science : Vol 48, No 7". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  20. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award#1263005 - Collaborative Research: REU Site: Svalbard REU: Holocene and Modern Climate Change in the Norwegian High Arctic". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  21. ↑ Roof, Steve; Werner, Al; Brigham-Grette, Julie; Powell, Ross; Retelle, Mike (2011-09-01). "The Svalbard REU Program: A High-Latitude Undergraduate Research Experience in Glacial, Marine, and Lacustrine Processes Relevant to Arctic Climate Change" (PDF). Oceanography. 24 (3): 51. doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2011.54 . ISSN   1042-8275.
  22. ↑ Brigham-Grette, Julie (2009-02-16). "Julie Brigham-Grette". PolarTREC. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  23. ↑ PolarTREC (2011-02-11), Lake E Wildlife , retrieved 2019-05-15
  24. ↑ greenmanbucket (2014-11-08), Back to the Pliocene with Dr. Julie Brigham Grette , retrieved 2019-05-15
  25. ↑ Beyond One Degree (2018-06-27), Professor Julie Brigham-Grette on how to learn from history , retrieved 2019-05-15
  26. ↑ Arctic Research Consortium of the United States (2016-01-21), Julie Brigham-Grette, Sea Level and Polar Warming - 15 January 2016 , retrieved 2019-05-15
  27. ↑ Understanding Climate Change (2016-08-08), Tracing Arctic Climate Evolution: Prof Julie Brigham-Grette (May 2015) , retrieved 2019-05-15
  28. ↑ Qian Li (2016-03-24), Science for Alaska Lecture Series 2016 - Julie Brigham-Grette, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , retrieved 2019-05-15
  29. 1 2 Southampton Education School (2015-03-13), Tracing Arctic Climate Evolution from a Forested Arctic to the Present; Prof Julie Brigham-Grette , retrieved 2019-05-15
  30. ↑ Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth (2012-12-04), Seminar: The Roadless Pursuit of Scientific Drilling at El'gygytgyn Crater Lake, Arctic Russia , retrieved 2019-05-15
  31. ↑ CEOAS - Oregon State (2015-06-01), Tracing Arctic Climate Evolution: From a forested arctic to the present , retrieved 2019-05-15
  32. ↑ Cat April Watters (2017-03-24), Geologist Julie Brigham Grette- "Sea Level is Rising. It's Not reversible" , retrieved 2019-05-15
  33. ↑ "GSA Fellowship". www.geosociety.org. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  34. ↑ "Past Award Recipients - Albion College". www.albion.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  35. ↑ "Recipients of Faculty Fellowship Award/Samuel F. Conti Faculty Fellowship Awards | Research and Engagement". www.umass.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  36. ↑ "Suess Lectures 2014-15_en". www.oeaw.ac.at. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  37. ↑ "Arctic researcher lecture | Geography and Environmental Science | University of Southampton". www.southampton.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  38. ↑ "Tyndall Lectures". Global Environmental Change. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  39. ↑ "Fellows Alphabetical List". Honors Program. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
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