Kladno Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Westphalian | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Týnec Formation |
Location | |
Region | Pilsen |
Country | Czech Republic |
The Kladno Formation is a Carboniferous formation in the Czech Republic which preserves a wide array of temnospondyls, lepospondyls and fish, [1] among other fauna.
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Invertebrates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
Necymylacris | N. scudderi | Blattodea | Formerly included within Phylloblatta [2] | ||
Bohemiatupus | B. elegans | Meganeuridae [3] | One of the larger meganisopterans | ||
Bojophlebia | B. prokopi | Palaeoptera | Largest insect by wingspan other than palaeodictyopterans or griffinflies. [4] | ||
Carbotriplura | C. kukalovae | Dicondylia | Sister group to Pterygota, formerly classed as a Bojophlebia nymph. [5] | ||
Pronaidites | P. carbonarius, P. arenivorus | Tubificidae | ”P. crenulatus” actually an ichnofossil [6] | ||
Microconchus | M. vorax, M. minimus | Tentaculita | Formerly classed as a spirorbid [6] | ||
Prolimulus | P. woodwardi | Bellinuridae | Likely clades with other genera like Alanops . [7] | ||
Eolycosa [8] | E. lorenzii | Mesothelae incertae sedis [9] | Spider affinities doubted in a 1996 paper [10] | ||
Geralycosa [8] | G. fricii | Arthromygalidae | May not be a spider [10] | ||
Rakovnicia [8] | R. antiqua | Tetrapulmonata incertae sedis [9] | |||
Pyritaranea | P. tubifera | Araneae incertae sedis [9] | Synonymised with Eopholcus | ||
Nyranytarbus [9] [11] | N. hofmanni, N. longipes | Trigonotarbida | Formerly placed within Hemiphrynus | ||
Doubravatarbus | D. krafti | Aphantomartidae | Likely arboreal, due to being found on a liana-like plant and having relatively gracile legs. [12] | ||
Tynecotarbus | T. tichaveki | Trigonotarbida | Collected alongside two more fragmentary indeterminate fossils [13] | ||
Palaranea | P. borassifolia | Araneae incertae sedis | Known from a different locality to other Kladno fauna [9] | ||
Anthracomartus [9] | A. carcinoides, A. bohemica, A. elegans | Trigonotarbida | ![]() | ||
Isobuthus | I. nyranensis [14] | Scorpiones | |||
Prothelyphonus | P. bohemicus [15] | Uropygi | Synonymous with Geralinura [16] | ![]() | |
Dinopilio | D. gigas | Arachnida incertae sedis [9] | Very large fossil, hence the name | ||
Geratarbus [8] | G. bohemicus | Phalangiotarbida | |||
Orthotarbus [8] | O. nyranensis | Phalangiotarbida | |||
Pleurolycosa | P. prolifera | Arthropoda incertae sedis [9] | |||
Nyranius | N. costulatus, N. tabulatus | Xyloiuloidea | Formerly within Xylobius [17] | ![]() | |
Pleurojulus | P. biornatus, P. levis | Pleurojulida | Also known from Mazon Creek [18] | ![]() | |
Isojulus | I. constans | Pleurojulida | Synonymised with two Pleurojulus species [18] | ||
Purkynia | P. lata | Zosterogrammida | Very poorly preserved [19] | ![]() |
Vertebrates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
Archaeothyris | A. sp | Ophiacodontidae | Only known from a jaw fragment [20] | ![]() | |
Brouffia | B. orientalis | Eureptilia | Formerly placed within Gephyrostegus [21] | ![]() | |
Coelostegus | C. prothales [21] | Eureptilia | Recovered as the basalmost eureptile [22] | ![]() | |
Gephyrostegus | G. bohemicus [23] | Gephyrostegidae | Formerly included another species, G. watsoni [24] | ![]() | |
Solenodonsaurus | S. janenschi | Reptiliomorpha? | Resembles diadectomorphs, yet likely not closely related to amniotes [25] | ![]() | |
Urocordylus | U. angularis [26] | Urocordylinae | Also known from Ireland | ![]() | |
Sauropleura | S. scalaris | Sauropleurinae | Formerly included in Urocordylus [27] | ![]() | |
Scincosaurus | S. crassus | Scincosauridae | Formerly synonymised with Keraterpeton , [26] related to diplocaulids [28] | ![]() | |
Keraterpeton | K. galvani [26] | Diplocaulidae | Bore an unusually long tail | ![]() | |
Hyloplesion | H. longicostatum | ”Microsauria” | Synonymous with “Orthocosta” and “Seeleya” [26] [29] | ![]() | |
Microbrachis | M. pelikani | Recumbirostra | Synonymised with three other species in the same genus [29] | ![]() | |
Ricnodon | R. copei | Recumbirostra? | May be related to Saxonerpeton [29] | ||
Crinodon | C. limnophyes | Tuditanidae | Name derives from an anagram of Ricnodon [29] | ||
Sparodus | S. validus | Gymnarthridae? | Resembles Hylerpeton [29] | ||
Diplovertebron | D. punctatum | Embolomeri | Synonymous with “Nummulosaurus” [26] | ![]() | |
Capetus | C. palustris [26] | Temnospondyli | One of the most basal temnospondyls [30] | ![]() | |
Cochleosaurus | C. bohemicus | Cochleosauridae | Adult specimens only found in 2003 [31] | ![]() | |
Mordex | M. calliprepes [26] | Trematopidae | Unclear position within the family [32] | ||
Mattauschia | M. laticeps | Trematopidae | Formerly included in Mordex, [32] includes “Potamochoston” and several “Limnerpeton” species [33] | ||
Nyranerpeton [34] | N. amilneri | Micromelerpetontidae | Also known from the Montceau-les-Mines lagerstätte [35] | ||
Limnogyrinus | L. elegans | Micromelerpetontidae | Formerly included within “Limnerpeton” [33] | ||
Oestocephalus [36] | O. granulosum, O. nanum | Aistopoda | Formerly included within Ophiderpeton [26] | ![]() | |
Phlegethontia | P. longissima, “Dolichosoma scutiferum” | Aistopoda | Formerly included within the nomen nudum “Dolichosoma” [37] [26] | ![]() | |
Baphetes | B. orientalis | Baphetidae | Formerly known as “Loxomma bohemicum” [38] | ||
Stambergichthys | S. macrodens | Actinopterygii | Likely a high-level predator in its ecosystem [1] | ||
Sceletophorus | S. biserialis, S. verrucosus | Trissolepididae [39] | |||
Pyritocephalus | P. sculptus | Haplolepiformes [39] | Synonymous with other Pyritocephalus species |
Non-seed plants | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
Kladnostrobus | K. clealii, K. psendae | Lycopsida | Within the monotypic family Kladnostrobaceae due to differing sporangia structure [40] | ||
Lepidophloios | L. acerosus | Lepidodendrales | Mistakenly spelled “Lepidofloios” in the paper reporting its presence [41] | ||
Lepidodendron | L. acutum, L. simile, [41] L. aculeatum, L. ophiurum, [42] L. lycopodioides [43] | Lepidodendrales | One of the most abundant Carboniferous plants | ![]() | |
Flemingites | F. sp | Lepidodendrales | Cone taxon [41] | ||
Lepidocarpon | L. majus [42] | Lepidodendrales | Sporangium taxon [41] | ||
Sigillaria | S. rugosa, S. diploderma | Lepidodendrales | S. diploderma only known from a small fragment [41] | ![]() | |
Syringodendron | S. sp | Lepidodendrales | Stem taxon [41] | ||
Omphalophloios | O. feistmantelli [42] | Isoetales | Questionable specimen known from a fragment of a fertile axis [41] | ![]() | |
Stigmaria | S. ficoides [41] | Lepidodendrales | Form taxon representing roots | ![]() | |
Calamites | C. carinatus, C. distachya?, C. cistii? [42] | Calamitaceae | Second species is closest to C. distachya, but poor preservation means its affinity is unclear [41] | ![]() | |
Annularia | A. radiata [41] | Calamitaceae | Leaf taxon of Calamites stems | ![]() | |
Asterophylites | A. longifolius, A. equisetiformis, A. grandis [43] | Calamitaceae | One specimen preserves the tip of a branch with dense leaves [41] | ||
Sphenophyllum | S. cuneifolium, S. pseudoaquense, S. ?majus, [43] S. priveticense [44] | Sphenophyllales | Very common, but often poorly preserved [41] | ![]() | |
Bowmanites | B. priveticensis, B. myriophyllus, B. pseudoaquensis, B. brasensis [45] | Sphenophyllales | Cones of Sphenophyllum [44] | ||
Lobatopteris | L. aspidioides | Marattiales | Only one small fragment preserved [41] | ![]() | |
Corynepteris | C. sternbergii, C. angustissima, C. essinghii [42] | Zygopteridales | C. sternbergii may be synonymous with C. angustissima [41] | ![]() | |
Senftenbergia | S. plumosa | Tedeleaceae (Filicales) | Common elsewhere, yet rare in Kladno [41] | ![]() | |
Zeilleria | Z. delicatula | Filicales incertae sedis [41] | Shares its name with a Jurassic brachiopod | ||
Renaultia | R. crepinii | Filicales incertae sedis | Only known from a fragment [41] | ![]() | |
Sphenopteris | S. rotundifolia, S. mixta, S. delicatula, S. acutiloba, S. ujezdensis, S. pulcherrima, [42] S. cirrhifolia, [46] S. spinosa [43] | Filicales incertae sedis (rotundifolia), Lyginopteridales (others) | Includes seed plants and a fern [41] | ||
Aphlebia | A. sp | Indeterminate | Artificial taxon; may belong to another species preserved. [41] | ![]() | |
Noeggerathia | N. foliosa, N. intermedia [47] | Noeggerathiales | Most common plant in the sampled fossils [42] | ![]() | |
Archaeonoeggerathia | A. schatzlarensis [47] | Noeggerathiales | |||
Discosoropteris | D. zlatkokvacekii, D. chlupatum | Filicales incertae sedis | Likely a short, upright plant [48] | ||
Spencerites | S. leismanii, S. havlenae [43] | Lycopsida incertae sedis | A member of the “sub-arborescent” lycophytes [49] [46] | ||
Dendraena | D. pinnatilobata | Anachoropteridaceae (Filicales) | Likely grew near river margins, [50] a very common plant [46] | ||
Kidstonia | K. heracleensis | Filicales | Likely a small understorey fern [46] | ||
Desmopteris | D. alethopteroides, D. longifolia [43] | Filicales | Likely bore procumbent (growing along the ground) rhizomes [46] | ||
Selaginella | S. gutbieri, [43] S. labutae [51] | Selaginellaceae | Extant genus | ![]() | |
Palaeostachya | P. distachya, P. gracilima | Calamitaceae | Cone taxon, [43] although with a complete plant known from the early Permian of China [52] | ||
Pecopteris | P. aspidioides, P. tuffitica [53] | Psaroniaceae | Likely a mid-sized tree fern [43] | ![]() | |
Sonapteris | S. pilsensis, S. barthelii, S. bekii [43] | Botryopteridaceae (Filicales) | Possibly a liana-like plant? [53] | ||
Oligocarpia | O. lindsaeoides | Gleicheniales? | Probably a liana-like plant [43] | ![]() | |
Adiantites | A. sp | Progymnospermopsida | Likely a low-lying plant [43] | ||
Echinosporangites | E. libertite | Filicopsida? | Sporangium taxon, parent plant unknown [54] | ||
Polysporia | P. drabekii, P. rothwelii, P. radvanicensis, P. robusta | Isoetales | A sub-arborescent lycophyte [55] | ||
Huttonia | H. spicata | Equisetales | Cone taxon [56] | ||
Thomasites | T. serrata, T. elongatus | Lycopsida | T. elongatus formerly placed in Selaginellites [57] |
Seed plants | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
Alethopteris | A. lonchitica, A. distantinervosa, A. pseudograndinioides, A. kettneri, A. serlii | Medullosales | A. pseudograndinioides is a replacement name for the illegitimate “A. grandinioides” [58] | ||
Neuromariopteris | N. scandens | Callistophytales | Likely a creeping plant growing on ridge slopes [59] | ||
Eusphenopteris | E. nummularia | Lyginopteridales | While a large (>1 m) frond was found, it could not be transported from the site. [41] | ![]() | |
Lonchopteris | L. rugosa | Medullosales | Possible record of L. chandesrisii (although based on a poorly preserved specimen) also known [58] | ![]() | |
Macroneuropteris | M. scheuchzeri | Medullosales | Formerly placed within Neuropteris [58] | ![]() | |
Neuropteris | N. plicata | Medullosales | Placement of this species is unclear in relation to N. ovata. [58] | ![]() | |
Odontopteris | O. reichiana | Medullosales | May be synonymous with O. brardii [58] | ||
Callipteridium | C. rubescens, C. armasii | Medullosales | May be synonymous with C. jongmansii [58] | ||
Laveineopteris | L. loshii, L. tenuifolia, L. bohemica, L. lubnensis, L. hollandica | Medullosales | L. loshii is abundant elsewhere, while some other species are endemic to the Kladno Formation [58] | ||
Palaeoweichselia | P. defrancei | Medullosales | Described from Kladno in a 2020 overview paper despite specimens being already known prior [58] | ||
Linopteris | L. neuropteroides, L. obliqua, L. weigelii | Medullosales | L. neuropteroides is split into two forms, neuropteroides and minor. [58] | ||
Paripteris | P. linguaefolia | Medullosales | Included alleged records of P. gigantea [58] | ||
Havlenaea [60] | H. coriacea, H. stradonitzensis | Medullosales | Formerly placed within Neuropteris [58] | ||
M. muensterifolia | Too poorly preserved to place within a new genus, yet does not belong to Mixoneura either [58] | ||||
Rhacopteris | R. elegans | Pteridospermatophyta | Only known from one isolated pinnule (leaf cluster) [42] | ||
Cordaites | C. theodorii, C. wartmannii, C. kladnoensis, [61] C. borassifolius [43] | Cordaitales | C. theodorii is only known from this formation [42] | ![]() | |
Palmatopteris | P. furcata | Lyginopteridales | Probably a liana-like plant [43] | ![]() | |
Mariopteris | M. muricata | Lyginopteridales | Likely a vining plant, as its fossils are all associated with Lepidodendron. [43] | ![]() | |
Fortopteris | F. radnicensis | Medullosales | Not given a type specimen in its original description within Mariopteris. [62] | ||
Rhodeites | R. gutbieri | Lyginopteridales | Likely a canopy-dwelling climber [63] |