Koninckioceratidae

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Koninckioceratidae
Temporal range: Devonian – Permian
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Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Subclass: Nautiloidea
Order: Nautilida
Superfamily: † Tainocerataceae
Family: †Koninckioceratidae
Hyatt in Zittel, 1900

Koninckioceratidae is a family of nautilid genera, typically with more or less evolute shells with depressed whorl sections, that are combined as a family within the Tainocerataceae. As perceived, the Koninckioceratidae contains 11 genera and lasted from the Early Mississippian to about the end of the Permian.

Nautilida order of molluscs

The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, Nautilus and Allonautilus, with six species. All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea.

The Tainocerataceae are a superfamily in the cephalopod order Nautilida characterized by straight to loosely coiled shells, generally to a degree such that the width is greater than the height, to quadrate whorl section. Many bore spines, ribs, frills, wings, or nodes. In early forms, the siphuncle is generally near ventral, but more variable in advanced forms.

Koninckioceratidae was established by Hyatt in Zittel, 1900, to include Edaphoceras, Endolobus, Foordiceras, Lophoceras, and Temnocheilus, with Knightoceras, Milkoninckioceras, Subvestinautilus, and Valhallites since added by Kummel (1964)

The Konnckioceratidae is essentially a Mississippian (L Carb) family with only four of the nine genera found in Mississippian age rocks extending as far as the Permian and one reaching only into the Pennsylvanian (U Carb). Only two genera are known exclusively from post Mississippian formations, Knightoceras from Middle Pennsylvania and Foordiceras from Permian. This is opposite from the development of the Tainoceratidae in which the number of genera expands in the Permian and Triassic from a more feeble beginning rather than diminishes.

Tainoceratidae is a family of late Paleozoic and Triassic nautiloids that are a part of the order Nautilida, characterized by large, generally evolute shells with quadrate to rectangular whorl sections. Shells may bear ribs or nodes, or both.

Genera, listed by earliest known age, are:

Edaphoceras is a genus of koninckioceratid nautilids from the Mississippian of North America, named by Hyatt, 1884, with depressed whorls just in contact. The shell, as typical for the family, is evolute; whorl section is fusiform with broadly rounded venter and dorsum meeting at a narrow angle on either side. Its suture has a distinct ventral and dorsal lobe and an angular lateral saddle. The siphuncle is small and near central.

Lophoceras is a genus of Nautilids belonging to the tainoceratacean family, Koninckioceratidae, found in Lower Carboniferous sediments in Europe, and named by Hyatt, 1893. The shell of Lophoceras is evolute, large, with a slight impressed zone on the inner rim. In early volutions whorl sections are rounded, but later develop an obtusely angular ventral area and venter that disappears toward the front of the mature body chamber. The suture has an angular ventral saddle, broad shallow lateral lobe, and a dorsal lobe. Except for growth line, the shell is smooth.

Subvestinautilus is a genus of evolute koninckioceratids, in the order Nautilida, with a depressed, trapezoidal whorl section. The venter is broadly rounded, ventrolateral shoulders sharply rounded, flanks flattened and converging toward a narrow rounded dorsum. In early growth stages a keel forms on the umbilical shoulder which becomes rounded or marked by a longitudal rib at maturity. The suture has a broadly rounded ventral lobe and a deeper lateral lobe.

Related Research Articles

Oncocerida order of molluscs

The Oncocerida comprise a diverse group of generally small nautiloid cephalopods known from the Middle Ordovician to the Mississippian, in which the connecting rings are thin and siphuncle segments are variably expanded. At present the order consists of some 16 families, a few of which, such as the Oncoceratidae, Brevicoceratidae, and Acleistoceratidae contain a fair number of genera each while others like the Trimeroceratidae and Archiacoceratidae are represented by only two or three.

Acanthonautilus is an extinct genus in the nautilid family Solenochildae (Aipocerataceae) from the Upper Mississippian of North America and equivalent strata in Europe, first described by Foord in 1896.

Permoceras, the sole member of the family Permoceratidae, is a genus of coiled nautiloids with a smooth, compressed involute shell, whorls higher than wide, earlier whorls hidden from view. The venter is rounded as are the ventral and umbilical shoulders, the flanks flattened. The siphuncle is ventrally subcentral. The suture, which is most characteristic, has a deep, narrow pointed ventral lobe and large, asymmetrical pointed lobes on either side.

Endolobus is an extinct genus from the nautiloid order, Nautilida. Nautiloids are a subclass of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species, including Nautilus. Endolubus is included in the family Koninckioceratidae which is part of the superfamily Taintocerataceae.

Valhallites is an extinct genus in the nautiloid order Nautilida which includes the living Nautilus found in the tropical western Pacifiic. Valhalites belongs to the Koninckioceratidae, a family in the Tainoceratacea, a nautilid superfamily.

Solenochilus, type genus of the Solenochilidae is an extinct cosmopotilian nautilid from the Lower Pennsylvanian to the Lower Permian with a rapidly expanding, coiled globular shell with few whorls, from which prominent spines extend laterally from the umbilical area at maturity. Solenochilus is derived from the Upper Mississippian Acanthonautilus, principally through evolutionary changes in the siphuncle.

The Clydonautiloidea are a superfamily within the nautiloid order Nautilida characterized by smooth, generally globular, shells with nearly straight sutures, in early forms, but developing highly differentiated sutures in some later forms. Where known, the siphuncle tends to be central to subcentral.

Trigonoceratoidea superfamily of molluscs

The Trigonoceratoidea are a superfamily within the Nautilida that ranged from the Devonian to the Triassic, thought to have contained the source for the Nautilaceae in which Nautilus is found.

For a further discussion of this group as in use today, see the superfamily Tainocerataceae

Rutoceratidae family of molluscs

Rutoceratidae is a family of prototypical nautilids, derived probably from either Brevicoceratidae or Acleistoceratidae of the order Oncocerida early in the Devonian. Rutoceratidae comprise a family within the oncocerid superfamily Tainocerataceae They are generally characterized by cyrtoconic and gyroconic shells, commonly with spines, nodes, or frills, although some included genera are almost orthoconic, and a commonly empty, tubular ventral siphuncle.

Grypoceratidae family of molluscs

Grypoceratidae is the longest-lived family of the Trigonoceratoidea, or of the near equivalent Centroceratina; members of the Nautilida from the Upper Paleozoic and Triassic.

The Trigonoceratidae is a family of coiled nautiloid cephalopods that lived during the period from the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) to the Early Permian.

Aipoceratoidea superfamily of molluscs

The Aipoceratoidea are a superfamily within the order Nautilida characterized by rapidly expanding, smooth to ribbed, cyrtoconic to coiled shells with rounded or sometimes dorsally flattened or impressed whorls, nearly straight sutures, and a ventral and marginal siphuncle. Septal necks are orthochoantic ventrally and orthochoantic or cyrtochoanitic dorsally.

Liroceratidae is an extinct family of nautilids, shelled marine molluscs, belonging to the Clydonautiloidea, consisting of generally smooth, involute, nautiliconic forms with a small umbilicus. The whorl section is usually depressed and broadly rounded, the suture only slightly sinuous, and the siphuncle usually more or less central.

Ephippioceratidae is a family of clydonatilacean nautilids with shells as in the Liroceratidae but with sutures that have deep ventral and dorsal saddles. This group, which contains two genera, Ephippioceras and Megaglossoceras, has a range from the Mississippian to the Lower Permian.

The Rhiphaeoceratidae are a small family of nautilids included in the superfamily Tainocerataceae that comprises four very similar genera. These genera are characterized by a perforate umbilicus and little more than a single evolute coil. Whorl sections are oval, subquadrate, or subtrapezoidal. Sutures bend forward on the outer rim, forming wide shallow ventral saddles and dip strongly to the rear on the inner rim, forming deep dorsal lobes.

References

The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and extant invertebrate animals. The prehistoric invertebrates are described as to their taxonomy, morphology, paleoecology, stratigraphic and paleogeographic range. However, genera with no fossil record whatsoever have just a very brief listing.

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