2: Coupled axles, with sideplay
3: Pivot pin
4: Shaft
A Krauss-Helmholtz bogie (Krauss-Helmholtz-Lenkgestell) is a mechanism used on steam locomotives and some electric locomotives to improve curve running.
A Krauss-Helmholtz bogie (Krauss-Helmholtz-Lenkgestell) is a mechanism used on steam locomotives and some electric locomotives to improve curve running.
The bogie comprises a carrying axle connected to a coupled axle via a shaft or lever. In straight running, any radial movement of the carrying axle results in a sideways movement of the coupled axle in the opposite direction. [1] However, the carrying axle is centred by means of two heavy duty springs just behind it. In addition the pivot pin may be allowed to move sideways, but again is held centrally by heavy springs. When travelling round a curve, the carrying axle swings to one side causing the coupled axle to move sideways in the opposite direction. In this way radial forces during curve running are more or less evened out on both axles, so that riding qualities similar to those of a normal bogie are achieved and wear and tear reduced on wheel flanges and rails.
The bogie is a type of pony truck and was named after the locomotive firm of Krauss and the engineer, Richard von Helmholtz. By contrast a Bissel bogie is independently installed in the frame, and sideways guidance of the locomotive is achieved by elastic forces. The distribution of these forces is not tightly defined and, in addition, they are dependent on the curve radius.
Because the advantages of a pony truck come into play particularly on tight curves, the Krauss-Helmholtz bogie initially appeared on branch line, Lokalbahn and narrow gauge locomotives. One of the first locomotives of this type was the Bavarian D VIII. On this tank locomotive the bogie was located at the rear; however in the majority of cases it was at the front or - if the locomotive had to have equally good riding qualities in both directions - at both ends.
Later this pony truck arrangement was also adopted by the DRG standard locomotives ( Einheitslokomotive ) of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, e.g. on the ten-coupled classes: 44, 45, 50 and 85. An exception was the Class 84, that was fitted with Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogies or Luttermöller axle drives.
The tender locomotives of classes 41 and 45 only had a Krauss-Helmholtz bogie at the front; the trailing axle was housed in a Bissel bogie. The tank locomotives of Class 85, like some of the Class 64 and 86 engines, had two Krauss-Helmholtz bogies.
Even the electric locomotives of Reichsbahn classes E 04, E 17, E 18 and E 19 were fitted with comparable pony trucks, known as AEG frames (AEG-Gestell). Because the axles had external bearings, the lever linkage also had to be on the outside, a characteristic detail of these locomotives.
In Italy, the Krauss-Helmholtz bogie was improved around 1900 by Giuseppe Zara, a technician of the Rete Adriatica and later of the Ferrovie dello Stato; by modifying the structure, rearranging the weight distribution and allowing the bogie to also move transversally respective to the locomotive's frames, he obtained the Italian bogie (a lighter and somewhat different version was the later Zara bogie). It saw widespread use, being fitted on many Italian steam locomotive classes, like the FS Class 625, FS Class 740 and FS Class 685. [2] The electrical locomotive FS Class E.432 also used this bogie type.
A bogie is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached or be quickly detachable. It may include a suspension component within it, or be solid and in turn be suspended ; it may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung, or held in place by other means.
A lateral motion device is a mechanism used in some railroad locomotives which permits the axles to move sideways relative to the frame. The device facilitates cornering.
The Deutsche Reichsbahn had a standard passenger train tank engine with a wheel arrangement of 1'C1' or 2-6-2 and a low axle load, which was designated in their classification system as the DRG Class 64. The Class 64 was developed from 1926 onwards and it was built between 1928 and 1940. Many German manufacturers contributed to the series.
The Bavarian Class D X engines were saturated steam locomotives of the Royal Bavarian State Railways.
The Bavarian Class D VIII were saturated steam locomotives with the Royal Bavarian State Railways.
The locomotives of DRG Class 98.10 were superheated steam locomotives with the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft.
The Bavarian Class GtL 4/4 engines were superheated steam locomotives in service with the Royal Bavarian State Railways for duties on branch lines (Lokalbahnen).
A Bissell or Bissel truck is a single-axle bogie which pivots towards the centre of a steam locomotive to enable it to negotiate curves more easily. Invented in 1857 by Levi Bissell and usually then known as a pony truck, it is a very simple and common means of designing a carrying wheel.
The only AA I steam locomotive of the Royal Bavarian State Railways was built by the firm of Krauss in 1896. It had been designed by chief mechanical engineer, Richard von Helmholtz, as a 4-2-2-2 tender locomotive. The engine was largely based on the Bavarian B XI, but the driving and running gear was modified. The second coupled axle was replaced by a fixed carrying axle, and a dolly axle (Vorspannachse) added between the bogie and driving axle. This could be lowered by a pressure cylinder and was driven by an auxiliary engine with two cylinders. Despite her high maintenance requirement, she was economical to run due to her low steam consumption. In 1907 she was rebuilt after an accident into a 2'B h2 locomotive and redesignated as a Class P 2/4. She was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and run under operating number 36 861. She was the last Bavarian 4-4-0 locomotive to be retired in 1933.
A Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt bogie is a mechanical device to improve the curve running of steam locomotives.
The Bavarian Class E I steam locomotives operated by the Royal Bavarian State Railways encompassed four different variants of saturated steam, goods train locomotive with a 2-8-0 wheel arrangement.
The Bavarian engines with railway numbers 87 and 88 were superheated steam locomotives with the Localbahn AG (LAG). They were the last two engines that the LAG procured because shortly after their delivery in 1937, the company was finally nationalised. The locomotives were largely similar in their design to the TAG 7 locomotive, that had been developed in 1936 by Krauss-Maffei for the Tegernsee Railway AG. TAG 7 were the last branch line (Lokalbahn) locomotives to be designed and built in Bavaria. Unlike the two LAG engines, TAG 7 survived, first as the operating reserve for the Tegernseebahn and later as a museum locomotive. It is maintained by the Bavarian Localbahn Society and regularly used for museum trips around Munich.
The Bavarian Class EP 5 was an electric locomotive used for heavy passenger train services with the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DRG) and Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB).
Three different types of German electric goods train locomotive belonged to the Deutsche Reichsbahn's DRG Class E 91. In addition to the standard locomotives (Einheitslokomotive) described below there was also a Prussian class that was given the designation E 913 in 1927.
The DR Class 83.10 was a newly designed (Neubaulok) steam locomotive built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany after the Second World War and was introduced into service in 1955 and 1956.
The engines of DR Class 99.23 are metre gauge tank locomotives, that were procured by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) in East Germany from 1954 to 1956. When they entered service they had operating numbers 99 231–99 247. Today they are numbered 99 7231–99 7247.
The Rekolokomotives of DR Class 52.80 first appeared in 1960 in service with the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany as extensive rebuilds of the wartime locomotives or Kriegslokomotiven of the DRB Class 52 built by Nazi Germany. This modernisation, described as 'reconstruction', extended to almost all of the components and systems on the engine.
The Prussian G 5.4 was a German goods train locomotive with a compound engine. Due to its top speed of 65 km/h it was also used on passenger services. The G 5.4, like the G 5.3, differed from the G 5.1 and G 5.2 in having a shorter wheelbase and higher boiler pitch. In addition, the Krauss-Helmholtz bogies enabled its riding qualities to be improved, especially at higher speeds. Between 1901 and 1910 a total of about 760 vehicles of the Class G 5.4 were built for the Prussian state railways. The last 25 locomotives were fitted once again with an Adams axle.
The Gölsdorf axle system is used on railway Gölsdorf locomotives to achieve quiet running and low wear-and-tear when negotiating curves. The axle system comprises a combination of fixed axles and axles that can slide transversely, all within a single, rigid locomotive frame. The system was invented by a young Austrian locomotive builder, Karl Gölsdorf, around the end of the 19th century. The first locomotive to use this principle entered service in 1897.
The Palatine T 4II was a class of saturated steam, tank locomotives operated by the Palatinate Railway.
