Kurraba and Kirribilli

Last updated
Sydney Ferry Kirribilli II.jpg
Kirribilli approaches Circular Quay
History
Civil Ensign of Australia.svg
NameKurraba, Kirribilli
Namesake Kurraba, Kirribilli
Operator Sydney Ferries Limited
BuilderYoung and Son (Rozelle, Sydney)
Cost£9,440 (Kurraba) and £10,631 (Kirribilli) [1]
Launched1899 (Kurraba) & 1900 (Kirribilli)
Out of servicebetween 1932 and 1934 (both ferries)
FateSold for breaking up, 1934
General characteristics
Tonnage195 (Kurraba), 198 (Kirribilli)
Length40.9 m (Kurraba), 39.7 m (Kirribilli)
Installed power60 hp triple expansion steam
Propulsiondouble-ended screw
Speed12 knots (both vessels)
Capacity890 (Kurraba), 896 (Kirribilli)

Kurraba and Kirribilli were two similar "K-class" ferries on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1899 and 1900 respectively, the two timber-hulled steamers were built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Contents

When built, they were the largest of the cross-harbour ferries and brought new levels of comfort for passengers. [2] They were the first true examples of what would come to be known as the "K-class" ferries - a group of 25 double deck, double-ended, predominantly timber-hulled (four later versions had steel hulls), screw ferries propelled by triple expansion steam engines.

Built for, and initially used on, the short but busy cross-harbour route between Circular Quay and Milsons Point, they were also used frequently on the Mosman route. Along with 17 others, the two ferries were sold for breaking up in 1934 following the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.

Background

Both ferries were built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the early twentieth century boom in cross-Harbour travel prior to the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

At the time, the company ran one of the largest ferry fleets in the world. The two ferries were part of broader type of around 20 double-ended timber screw ferries the Sydney K-class ferries  that the company commissioned between the 1890s and early 1920s to meet the booming demand.

The two ferries were two of the first in what was to become a Sydney Ferries Limited tradition of naming their vessels after Australian Aboriginal words starting with "K". The names "Kurraba" and "Kirribilli" are both Australian Indigenous words thought to mean "good fishing spot". Kurraba Point and Kirribilli are also two suburbs on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour.

Design and construction

Kurraba as-built before her upper decks were enclosed in 1903 Sydney ferry KURRABA leaving Circular Quay early 20th century.jpg
Kurraba as-built before her upper decks were enclosed in 1903

Kurraba and Kirribilli were designed by Captain Sumberbell, manager of Sydney Ferries Limited. [3] [4] [2] Their design was a significant evolution of the company's smaller double-ended screw ferries, such as Kangaroo (1891 - 1926) and Carabella (1897 - 1932). [5] Both vessels were built at Young and Son at Rozelle. [2] [4] [6] Kurraba cost the company £9,440 while Kirribilli cost £10,631. [1]

The keels were built in three pieces from ironbark and the keelsons (moulded 10 1/2 inch, sided 12 inch and fastened with metal bolts), were also ironbark. [5] Decks, sides, and fittings were built from Kauri pine. [7] The vessels were built with five watertight compartments with one amidships made of iron. [5] Electric lighting was provided throughout, a relatively recent feature on Sydney Harbour ferries. [8] A smoking and ladies saloon was provided on the main deck. [5]

Unlike Kurraba, Kirribilli's lower deck windows were tinted an amber colour to minimise glare and heat from the sun. [9] During construction of both vessels, newspapers suggested that the upper decks would be enclosed, a first for Sydney Harbour ferries, however, the ferries' were put into service with the then conventional open upper decks. The upper decks were enclosed with sash windows around 1903 except at the ends behind the wheelhouses which remained open. [7] All subsequent K-class ferries were built similarly with most, and then the full length, of their upper decks enclosed.

The two ferries had triple expansion steam engines with cylinders of 13, 21, and 34 inches diameter respectively, with a 21 inch stroke. Her two multi-tubular cylindrical boilers were 5.5 metres long with an internal diameter of 2.18 metres. [6] [3] Kurraba's machinery was built by Campbell and Calderwood of Glasgow, imported by Wildridge and Sinclair and installed in Sydney by Begg and Greig. [5] [2] Kirribilli's engines were provided by Mort's Dock and Engineering of Balmain. [6]

Kurraba at 195 tons and 40.9 metres long was the largest of the Sydney Ferries Ltd fleet at her introduction. [2] Kirribilli would be 198 tons but slightly shorter at 39.7 metres. With the continuing rapid expansion of the Sydney Ferries Limited fleet, by 1912, there were another fifteen vessels in the passenger fleet, nine of which were larger than Kirribilli.

Service history

Kurraba leaving Circular Quay Sydney Ferry KURRABA.jpg
Kurraba leaving Circular Quay

Kurraba was christened at the builder's yard on 22 July 1899 by Miss Robertson, daughter of one of the ferry company's director. She was to have been launched that same day, but conditions prevented it. [5] Following several subsequent attempts that week, she was launched on 28 July. [10] She had her trials on 7 November 1899 during which she reached a speed of close to 12 knots. [4] She commenced service on 7 November 1899. [2]

Kirribilli was launched on 30 December 1899 at the yard of Young and Son at Rozelle. [8] Her trials were held on 29 March 1900 during which she also attained 12 knots. The day included a trip to Middle Harbour with guests of the company. She commenced service on the Milsons Point run the following week under the command of Captain E Bridge who had helmed the company's Kangaroo for the previous 10 years. [3]

The largest ferries in the fleet when introduced, both Kurraba and Kirribilli were initially used predominantly on the busy cross harbour routes to Milsons Point. [11] [8] [12] Kurraba was used on the Mosman route after the 1902 introduction of the larger Koree to the Milsons Point run. [13] Soon both Kurraba and Kirribilli would work on the busy Mosman route. [14]

On 19 March 1932, the Sydney Harbour Bridge was open. Sydney Ferries Limited patronage fell from 40 million annually to 15 million. The Milsons Point service was quickly redundant. 17 vessels from the fleet were retired from service, including Kurraba and Kirribilli being among the oldest of the K-class ferries. They were sold for breaking up in 1934 for £75 each. [15]

Incidents

A damaged Kurraba at McMahons Point after collision with Kirribilli, 24 February 1932 Sydney ferry KURRABA at McMahons Point following collision with ferry KIRRIBILLI 24 February 1932.jpg
A damaged Kurraba at McMahons Point after collision with Kirribilli, 24 February 1932

Like all ferries, Kurraba and Kirribilli were involved in their fair share of incidents, including on two occasions (1904 and 1932) colliding with each other causing significant damage:

Kurraba

Kirribilli

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "SYDNEY FERRIES". The Sun . No. 2853. New South Wales, Australia. 25 August 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2021 via National Library of Australia.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "An Up-To-Date Ferry Boat". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6371. New South Wales, Australia. 11 November 1899. p. 10. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  3. 1 2 3 "The Sydney Ferries". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6490. New South Wales, Australia. 30 March 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  4. 1 2 3 "New Ferry Steamer". The Australian Star . No. 3662. New South Wales, Australia. 8 November 1899. p. 7. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "North Shore Ferry Company". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6276. New South Wales, Australia. 24 July 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  6. 1 2 3 "Launch of a Ferry Boat". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6414. New South Wales, Australia. 1 January 1900. p. 4. Retrieved 12 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  7. 1 2 "The North Shore Ferry Company". Evening News . No. 10, 034. New South Wales, Australia. 4 August 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  8. 1 2 3 "North Shore Ferry Service". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6413. New South Wales, Australia. 30 December 1899. p. 8. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  9. "The Sydney Ferries, Ltd". The Sydney Morning Herald . No. 19, 359. New South Wales, Australia. 30 March 1900. p. 7. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  10. "New Ferry Steamer Launched". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6281. New South Wales, Australia. 29 July 1899. p. 9. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  11. "The Ferries Traffic". The Sydney Morning Herald . No. 20, 236. New South Wales, Australia. 17 January 1903. p. 11. Retrieved 12 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  12. "Smart Ferry Work". The Daily Telegraph . No. 6573. New South Wales, Australia. 5 July 1900. p. 4. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  13. "TRIAL TRIP OF THE KOREE". The Daily Telegraph . No. 7324. New South Wales, Australia. 28 November 1902. p. 7. Retrieved 26 January 2021 via National Library of Australia.
  14. Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences. "Glass plate negative, full plate, entitled 'Milsons Point', depicting Milsons Point ferry terminal, Sydney Harbour and the ferries 'Kamilaroi', 'Kurraba', 'Wallaby', 'Wallaroo', Kerry and Co, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 1902-1910". Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, Australia. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  15. "Ferries for Breaking Up". The Daily Telegraph . Vol. 3, no. 299. New South Wales, Australia. 31 January 1934. p. 9. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  16. "A Fatal Leap". Evening News . No. 10, 317. New South Wales, Australia. 3 July 1900. p. 6. Retrieved 12 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  17. "Ferry Steamers in Collision". The Daily Telegraph . No. 7013. New South Wales, Australia. 30 November 1901. p. 9. Retrieved 12 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  18. 1 2 "Ferry Steamer Damaged in Collision". The Sydney Morning Herald . No. 29, 373. New South Wales, Australia. 25 February 1932. p. 12. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  19. "Harbor Collision". The Sun . No. 618. New South Wales, Australia. 21 June 1912. p. 7 (Final Extra). Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  20. "In Collision". The Daily Telegraph . No. 10918. New South Wales, Australia. 21 May 1914. p. 12. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  21. "FERRY COLLISION". The Sun . No. 3100. New South Wales, Australia. 5 October 1920. p. 7. Retrieved 29 December 2021 via National Library of Australia.
  22. "Collision of Ferry Steamers". Northern Star . Vol. 49. New South Wales, Australia. 12 September 1924. p. 4. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.
  23. "Harbor Mishap". Daily Advertiser . New South Wales, Australia. 25 February 1932. p. 1. Retrieved 29 December 2020 via National Library of Australia.

Related Research Articles

Kirribilli, New South Wales Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Kirribilli is a suburb of Sydney, in Cammeraygal Country in the state of New South Wales, Australia. One of the city's most established and affluent neighbourhoods, it is located three kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area administered by North Sydney Council. Kirribilli is a harbourside suburb, sitting on the Lower North Shore of Sydney Harbour. Kirribilli House is one of the two official residences of the Prime Minister of Australia

North Sydney Council Local government area in New South Wales, Australia

North Sydney Council is a local government area on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, established on 29 July 1890 through the amalgamation of three boroughs.

Koompartoo Sydney Harbour Ferry

Koompartoo was a 1922 Sydney Ferries Limited K-class ferry later converted to an Royal Australian Navy boom defence vessel. Koompartoo, described in the press as a "Dreadnought for the Milsons Point run" and "a titan amongst ferries", was along with her sister ferry, Kuttabul, the highest capacity ferries ever on Sydney Harbour.

Sydney Ferries Limited operated ferry services on Sydney Harbour from 1900 until June 1951.

Mosman Bay ferry wharf

Mosman Bay ferry wharf is located on Mosman Bay on the northern side of Sydney Harbour serving the Sydney suburb of Mosman. It is served by Sydney Ferries Mosman services operated by First Fleet class ferries.

Sydney K-class ferry

The K-class ferries were a group of double-ended screw steam ferries run by Sydney Ferries Limited and its government successors on Sydney Harbour. The company introduced more than two dozen of the vessels from the 1890s through to the early twentieth century to meet the booming demand for ferry services across Sydney Harbour prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.

<i>Kirawa</i>

Kirawa was a ferry on Sydney Harbour. She was a near identical sister vessel with Kanangra both of which were launched in 1912 during the early-twentieth pre-Sydney Harbour Bridge boom years of Sydney Ferries Limited.

<i>Koree</i>

Koree was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1902, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

<i>Kulgoa</i> Ferry on Sydney Harbour

Kulgoa was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1905, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Kulgoa was Sydney's largest ever wooden ferry. She was a typical early example of the "K-class"; a group of double-deck, double-ended, steam-powered screw ferries. Kulgoa was one of the first Sydney ferries built with the sides of her promenade (upper) deck enclosed, although the ends near the wheelhouses remained open.

<i>Kirrule</i>-type ferry

The Kirrule-type ferries - Kiandra, Kirrule and Kubu - were three identical K-class ferries that operated on Sydney Harbour by Sydney Ferries Limited.

<i>Wallaby</i> (ferry)

Wallaby was a ferry that operated on Sydney Harbour.

<i>Kanimbla</i> (ferry)

Kanimbla was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1910, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Kanimbla was renamed "Kurra-Ba" in 1935. She was laid up in the 1940s and broken up in the 1950s.

<i>Kareela</i> (ferry)

Kareela was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1905, the double-ended timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited in response to the early twentieth century boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. She was the first of Sydney Ferries Limited's boats to have a fully enclosed upper deck.

<i>Kosciusko</i> (ferry)

Kosciusko was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1911, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Timeline of Sydney Harbour ferries

Sydney Harbour ferry services date back to the first years of Sydney's European settlement. Slow and sporadic boats ran along the Parramatta River from Sydney to Parramatta and served the agricultural settlements in between. By the mid-1830s, speculative ventures established regular services. From the late-nineteenth century the North Shore developed rapidly. A rail connection to Milsons Point took alighting ferry passengers up the North Shore line to Hornsby, New South Wales via North Sydney. Without a bridge connection, increasingly large fleets of steamers serviced the cross harbour routes and in the early twentieth century, Sydney Ferries Limited was the largest ferry operator in the world.

<i>Kookooburra</i>

Kookooburra was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Commissioned in 1907, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. She was retired from Sydney Harbour service in 1947 after which she was sent to Newcastle. She is thought to have been broken up in 1959.

<i>Kaludah</i> Ferry on Sydney Harbour

Kaludah was a K-class ferry on Sydney Harbour, Australia. Commissioned in 1909, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Like the other "K-class" ferries, she was double-deck, double-ended, steam-powered screw ferry. However, she and the larger but otherwise similar Kookooburra (1907), were the only two K-class ferries designed by naval architect Walter Reeks and not Sydney Ferries Limited's Captain Summerbell.

<i>Karingal</i> (ferry)

Karingal was a ferry operated by Sydney Ferries Limited and its NSW State Government operated successors on Sydney Harbour from 1913 until 1984. A wooden ferry built at the time of Sydney Ferries' rapid early twentieth century, she was the smallest of the round-end "K-class ferries".

<i>Kaikai</i> (ferry) Ferry on Sydney Harbour

Kaikai was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Commissioned in 1907, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. At the time of launch, Kaikai was one of Sydney's largest wooden ferries, being the longest and second largest by tonnage. She was a typical example of the "K-class"; a group of double-deck, double-ended, steam-powered screw ferries.

<i>Kanangra</i> (ferry)

Kanangra is a retired ferry on Sydney Harbour. She was launched in 1912 during the early-twentieth century pre-Sydney Harbour Bridge boom years of Sydney Ferries Limited.

References