Kuramia

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Sydney Ferry KURAMIA.jpg
Kuramia near Milsons Point
History
Civil Ensign of Australia.svgAustralia
NameKuramia
Owner Sydney Ferries Limited
Builder David Drake, Balmain
Cost£20,027 [1]
Launched7 November 1913
In service1914
Out of service1932
Identification O/N: 136383 [2] [3]
General characteristics
TypeHarbour ferry
Tonnage353  GT
Length170 ft (52 m)
Beam35 ft (11 m) [4]
PropulsionTriple expansion engine built by Mort's Dock & Engineering Company, Balmain
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgAustralia
NameHMAS Kuramia
Owner Royal Australian Navy
Commissioned20 February 1942
DecommissionedDecember 1945
Identification UK official number: 136383
FateSunk as a target 10 October 1953

Kuramia was a K-class ferry on Sydney Harbour. Commissioned in 1914, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the early twentieth boom in cross-harbour ferry travel. At 353 tons, she was the largest wooden ferry on Sydney Harbour. [5]

Contents

She was a typical example of the K class; a group of double-deck, double-ended, steam-powered screw ferries.

Kuramia was built for the short but busy cross-harbour route between Circular Quay and Milsons Point. Made redundant by the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Royal Australian Navy converted her to a boom defence vessel.

Kuramia followed Sydney Ferries Limited's tradition of naming their vessels after Australian Indigenous words starting with "K". [6] Kuramia was reported to have been named after a village on the Transcontinental railway route. [7]

Background

Kuramia was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the early twentieth century boom in cross-Harbour travel prior to the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. [8] She was typical of a broader type of timber double-ended screw ferry known as the K class. The company built 25 of these vessels between the 1890s and early 1920s to meet the booming demand. The K class were all propelled by triple expansion steam engines and were predominantly timber-hulled (four later K-class had steel hulls). [9]

Design and construction

Kuramia on her trials, 14 July 1914 Sydney ferry KURAMIA on her trials.jpg
Kuramia on her trials, 14 July 1914

Kuramia was designed by J Darter, under the supervision of T Drown, Sydney Ferries Limited works manager. The vessel had six longitudinal bulkheads to improve her strength and safety. [4]

Kuramia was built by David Drake, Balmain for Sydney Ferries Limited at a cost of £20,027. [4] [1] She was 170 ft (52 m) long with a beam of 35 ft (11 m) [4] compared to the previously largest ferry, Kaikai with a length of 152 ft (46 m). [4] She was launched on 15 November 1913 and christened Kuramia by Miss Ina Cornish. [10]

Her triple expansion, direct-acting, surface-condensing steam engines were built by Mort's Dock & Engineering Company, Balmain. [4] There were two multi-tubular boilers 7 feet 7 ½ inch in diameter, and 18 feet and 7 ½ inches long and the trial trip indicated 670 hp. [4] The electric lighting was provided by Messrs. Lawrence and Hansen.

Service history

At Circular Quay, circa 1920 Sydney Ferry KURAMIA at Circular Quay.jpg
At Circular Quay, circa 1920

Her official trails were undertaken on 14 July 1914 where she attained a speed of 12 knots. [11]

Kuramia at 335 tons, and Kulgoa (338 tons), were the largest wooden ferries on Sydney Harbour, [5] and to that point, the largest built for Sydney Ferries Limited. [4] With a passenger capacity of 1,357, she was the highest capacity inner-harbour (non-Manly) ferry until the twins, Koompartoo and Kuttabul of 1922 (Kulgoa could carry 1,255).

She was operated on the Circular Quay to Milsons Point run, [4] joining the regular ferries on that route, Kulgoa (1905) and Kaikai (1907). With three ferries, the service increased from a ferry every 10 minutes, to one every 6 minutes. [12] Kuramia, Kulgoa and Kuttabul being three of the largest of the Sydney Ferries Fleet were used to capacity as spectator vessels to witness the 1925 arrival of the American Fleet in Sydney Harbour. [13]

Made redundant by the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932. Her engines were sold in 1940. [14]

Converted to and in use as a boom-gate vessel near Watsons Bay HMAS KURAMIA.jpg
Converted to and in use as a boom-gate vessel near Watsons Bay

Part of her machinery was fitted into HMAS Uralba . [15] Her hull was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in 1942 and she was converted to a boom defence vessel for naval use in 1942 as a boom gate vessel on the harbour boom off Watsons Bay until the end of World War II, being removed from the boom in October 1945. [5] [16] For a few months after the end of World War II she remained in use as a dormitory and amenities ship before finally being paid off in December 1945. [17]

Her hulk was used as target by aircraft from HMAS Sydney and sunk 17 miles off Sydney's Macquarie Lighthouse on 10 October 1953. [18]

Incidents

After collision with Kulgoa - 1925 Sydney ferry KURAMIA collision damage.jpg
After collision with Kulgoa - 1925

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References

  1. 1 2 "SYDNEY FERRIES". The Sun . No. 2853. Sydney, Australia. 25 August 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 6 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  2. ↑ crewlist.org.uk
  3. ↑ Mercantile Navy List
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "SYDNEY FERRIES' LATEST". The Daily Telegraph . No. 10965. Sydney, Australia. 15 July 1914. p. 11. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  5. 1 2 3 Andrews, Graeme (1975). The Ferries of Sydney. Sydney: AH & AW Reed. p. 93. ISBN   0-589-07172-6.
  6. ↑ "Naming ferry Boats". The Daily Telegraph . No. 14, 601. Syfdney, Australia. 25 September 1926. p. 22. Retrieved 13 November 2021– via National Library of Australia.
  7. ↑ "FERRY DEVELOPMENT". The Sun . No. 1263. Sydney, Australia. 15 July 1914. p. 2. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  8. ↑ Andrews (1982), page 104
  9. ↑ Prescott (1984), pages 67–72
  10. ↑ "NEW FERRY STEAMER". The Sun . No. 1058. Sydney, Australia. 15 November 1913. p. 3 (FINAL SPORTING). Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  11. ↑ "SYDNEY FERRIES NEW STEAMER KURAMIA". The Daily Telegraph . No. 10965. Sydney, Australia. 15 July 1914. p. 11. Retrieved 24 December 2022– via National Library of Australia.
  12. ↑ Clark, LA (1976). North of the Harbour. Sydney: Australian Railway Historical Society. p. 11. ISBN   0-909650-05-5.
  13. ↑ "8000 AFLOAT". The Sun . No. 4592. Sydney, Australia. 23 July 1925. p. 1 (LAST RACE-FOOTBALL). Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  14. ↑ "Sydney Ferries' Profit Rises To £17,380". The Daily Telegraph . Vol. V, no. 282. Sydney, Australia. 14 February 1941. p. 12. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  15. ↑ Trove
  16. ↑ "Advertising". The Daily Telegraph . Vol. X, no. 173. Sydney, Australia. 10 October 1945. p. 21. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  17. ↑ The Encyclopaedia of Sydney
  18. ↑ "Advertising". Sydney Morning Herald . No. 36, 130. Sydney, Australia. 8 October 1953. p. 13. Retrieved 5 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  19. ↑ "FERRY STEAMER DAMAGED". The Daily Telegraph . No. 11245. Sydney, Australia. 8 June 1915. p. 8. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  20. ↑ "FERRY-BOAT COLLISION". Sunraysia Daily . Vol. 3, no. 173. Victoria, Australia. 8 May 1923. p. 3. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  21. ↑ "ACCIDENT TO FERRY STEAMER". Albury Banner & Wodonga Express . Albury, Australia. 11 May 1923. p. 5. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  22. ↑ "FERRY CRASHES". The Daily Telegraph . No. 13, 794. Sydney, Australia. 23 February 1924. p. 7. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  23. ↑ "FERRY STEAMER DAMAGED". Albury Banner & Wodonga Express . Albury, Australia. 29 February 1924. p. 15. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  24. ↑ "FERRY SMASHES HAVE BEEN FREQUENT". Evening News . No. 18835. Sydney, Australia. 4 November 1927. p. 15. Retrieved 27 March 2021– via National Library of Australia.
  25. ↑ "FERRY COLLISION". The Daily Telegraph . No. 14, 251. Sydney, Australia. 12 August 1925. p. 11. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  26. ↑ "COLLISION". Sydney Morning Herald . No. 27, 291. Sydney, Australia. 24 June 1925. p. 14. Retrieved 3 August 2021– via National Library of Australia.
  27. ↑ "HARBOUR COLLISION". The Gundagai Independent & Pastoral, Agricultural & Mining Advocate . No. 2823. Gundagi, Australia. 1 February 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  28. ↑ "FERRIES COLLIDE". The Labor Daily . No. 485. Sydney, Australia. 11 August 1925. p. 6. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  29. ↑ "HARBOR CRASH". The Labor Daily . No. 634. Sydney, Australia. 2 February 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  30. ↑ "FERRY SMASHES HAVE BEEN FREQUENT". The Evening News . No. 18835. Sydney, Australia. 4 November 1927. p. 15. Retrieved 14 November 2020– via National Library of Australia.
  31. ↑ "HARBOR COLLISION". The Labor Daily . No. 1835. Sydney, Australia. 19 October 1929. p. 7. Retrieved 24 December 2022– via National Library of Australia.
  32. ↑ "CRASH IN THE HARBOR". Daily Pictorial. No. 15, 753. Sydney, Australia. 6 June 1930. p. 15. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  33. ↑ "SYDNEY HARBOR COLLISION". The News . Vol. XIV, no. 2, 148. South Australia. 5 June 1930. p. 1. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via National Library of Australia.

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