The need for new ferries on the Manly–Circular Quay service was identified during the mid-1970s, during which time the service was characterised by deteriorating quality and low patronage.
Decline of the Manly ferries
Prior to 1971, the ferry services on the Manly–Circular Quay route were operated by the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company. In that year, the company posted a modest profit of $112,000. Patronage was approaching all-time lows, but the growth prospect for ferry services was considered strong. In November 1971, the company attracted a $1.5 million takeover bid from diversified transport company Brambles Industries. The initial bid was rejected, but a later offer of $2.1 million was accepted.[1]
When Brambles took over, the Manly fleet consisted of four ferries: South Steyne, North Head, Bellubera and Baragoola, plus hydrofoilsManly, Fairlight and Dee Why. Almost immediately, the hydrofoils were sold to Waltons Finance and leased back. The four ferries were all ageing and expensive to maintain, and it soon became evident that Brambles intended to close the service or sell the ships to the State Government at the earliest opportunity. Fare increases and service suspensions followed. The Bellubera was withdrawn from service on 14 December 1973; the Baragoola was to follow early the next year. Public outrage and fears that the service would be suspended entirely led to the government resuming responsibility for the operation of the ferries in February 1974.[1]
Concerns about the on-going serviceability of the existing vessels led to a decision to modify the design of the Lady Wakehurst and Lady Northcott, then under construction for use on the inner harbour routes, so that they could be used as relief boats on the Manly run. On 27 August 1974 the public timetable was reduced to only require two ships. The decision to modify the two Lady-class vessels proved fortuitous; as both the North Head and the Baragoola had to be sent for major overhauls, and the smaller ferries acted as relief ships while these works were carried out.
During the naming ceremony for the Lady Northcott on 11 February 1975, then Liberal Minister for Transport Wal Fife announced that two new ferries would be introduced to the Manly service within three years.[1]
The Burness Corlett report
First Fleet-class ferry "Alexander" passes Freshwater-class ferry "Narrabeen". The Freshwater class are the largest ferries in the Sydney Ferries fleet.
A study by maritime consultants Burness Corlett Australia was released in July 1976. It investigated the requirements of new vessels to replace the North Head and Baragoola by 1978. Various configurations were considered, including conventional monohull, catamaran, hovercraft and hydrofoil. Planing ferries of both single and twin-hull configuration were rejected, as such a configuration cannot be double-ended and therefore would have required berthing stern-first. Hydrofoils were also rejected from consideration due to excessive cost and limited passenger capacity. Two options were selected for detailed investigation: monohull and twin-hull, both double-ended and having 1,200 passenger capacity.[2]
Detailed designs and blueprints were prepared for both options. The study recommended the selection of the twin-hull due to the higher service frequency achievable (due to the twin-hull's faster speed of 18 knots, 33km/h, 21mph versus 14.5 knots, 26.9km/h, 16.7mph), however the study noted that other than this, there was relatively little difference between the options. The twin-hull was designed with dimensions of 63-metre (206ft 8in) length, 12.8-metre (42ft 0in)beam, and 3.3-metre (10ft 10in)draft, while the monohull design was 67-metre (219ft 10in) length, 11.6-metre (38ft 1in) beam, and 4.27-metre (14ft 0in) draft. The wider beam of the twin-hull design would exceed the limits of the existing wharves at Circular Quay, and necessitate a reconfiguration of the wharves if selected. Burness Corlett were confident that the twin-hull option was the superior choice, due to service speed and stability through Sydney Heads, and so no model tests were performed for the monohull design.[2]
Burness Corlett predicted that either design would take approximately 21 months to construct, and that if the new ferries were to be introduced in 1978 as planned, an aggressive construction program would have to begin immediately, with tenders to be called no later than April 1976 (the report was not even released until three months after this date).[2]
New ferries announced
After a change of government at the 1976 election, the new Labor government's Transport Minister Peter Cox announced that tenders would be called for the construction of a new "super ferry" in line with the results of the engineering study, to carry up to 1,200 passengers at speeds of 18 knots.
Freshwater being launched in 1982
On 9 January 1978, the traditional three-ship Manly Ferry timetable was reintroduced. The service was operated with the Baragoola (1922), North Head (1913) and either the Lady Wakehurst or Lady Northcott. However, the modified Lady-class ships were not good substitutes for the two older vessels, as the newer Lady ferries were too small and too slow for the Manly service. Particularly the Lady-class ships were barely able to keep to the published timetable in peak hours. Following the return of the Labor Government at the State Election on 7 October 1978, the Labor Party's Alan Stewart became the Member for Manly. This provided a fresh political impetus for the State Labor administration to order the new Manly ferries.
Steelwork for Freshwater was laid down at the State Dockyard on 31 October 1980. Strike actions delayed completion until June 1982. The ferry terminals at Circular Quay and Manly were substantially modified to accommodate the larger ferries, including the installation of wide height-adjustable two-level hydraulic ramps.[3] Additionally a new bus-interchange was built in the wharf forecourt at Manly.
Proposed Retirement 2021–2023
Queenscliff's final trip to Manly before its previously planned retirement. However the ship has since been given a major overhaul and returned to service.
There were plans to replace the Freshwater-class ferries with three new Emerald-class catamaran ferries in 2021. In November 2020, the then Minister for Transport Andrew Constance announced that when the new ferries are put into operation, Collaroy would be retained in service until at least 2023 for weekend operation.[4] On 14 January 2021 it was announced that the Freshwater will also be retained for future services. The Queenscliff was retired on 13 October 2021, not long after the new Emerald-class vessels began operating.[5] On the 13th of June 2022 it was announced that Collaroy would be retired and replaced with Queenscliff instead. Along with this it was also announced that Narrabeen's engine rebuild has been cancelled. In August 2022, word spread about one ferry running a weekday service. This was confirmed with a new timetable coming into place on September 5, running one ferry every two hours.[6]
On September 27, 2023, Collaroy was retired and moved to Cockatoo Island the next day. Her last arrival into Circular Quay involved a ceremonious horn battle between Collaroy and the other vessels before she dropped off her final load and returned to Balmain. The following day she was moved to Cockatoo Island, alongside Narrabeen, for long-term storage.
Return to service 2023-2024
After the 2023 New South Wales state election it was announced by new Transport minister Jo Haylen that the new State Government intended to return as many of the 4 Freshwater Class Ferries to full time service as possible.
M.V. Freshwater previously had a major drydocking and refit in February/March 2021, allowing the vessel to continue in service for another 5 years before another large refit is required (due before 2026).
M.V. Queenscliff was in storage at Cockatoo island for around 18 months. In mid 2023 Queenscliff was given a major refit, with a second drydock in August, which enabled her to be returned to service on 27 November 2023. Again this will allow the vessel to continue in service for another 5 years before this is required again (due in 2028).
The Narrabeen has been deteriorating in storage at Cockatoo Island since its "retirement" in 2021. Narrabeen was intended to come back to service in 2022 after an engine rebuild however this was cancelled due to cost and time over runs. The Narrabeen is currently out of survey and needs an engine overhaul, which means her maintenance is likely to be the longest and most costly of the 4 ships. The Narrabeen will require a drydocking, a refit and an engine rebuild to return to service. Narrabeen is currently expected to return to service in the middle of 2024.[7]
Collaroy received a survey extension of 3 months in May 2023. Once Collaroy is out of survey she will require a drydocking and refit to return to service however this drydocking was put into doubt after it was announced that the Collaroy may not be able to return due to issues with receiving parts.
The three-month old ferry ran aground at Manly Cove in March 1983 after overshooting the wharf following a computer failure.[9] On 30 March 1985, Freshwater was hijacked by a man who threatened to shoot passengers unless the captain piloted the ferry beyond Sydney Heads into the ocean. The hijacker was subdued after a police officer boarded the vessel and fired three warning shots. It turned out that the man, a New Zealander, had not been carrying a gun, but an empty vodka bottle (the second of two that he had consumed before boarding the vessel) concealed under his jacket. After a short jail sentence, the man returned to New Zealand in January 1986 by stowing away on the Oriana, for which he was also fined.[10][11][12]
While there were plans to retire the ship by 2021, a decision was eventually made to keep Freshwater and Collaroy operating, with Queenscliff and Narrabeen to be retired.[6] However, in 2023 after the 2023 New South Wales state election the current plan is to maintain this vessel, along with at least two its sisters, in full time service.
Under construction, NSW State Dockyard October 1981
Launched, 27 March 1982
On her first run to Manly, 18 December 1982, in her original Urban Transit Authority livery and showing original window arrangement.
Freshwater departing Circular Quay in 2022, showing her modified open upper decks and window arrangements.
MV Queenscliff is the second of the four Freshwater-class ferries and entered service on 9 July 1983. It is named after Queenscliff Beach on Sydney's Northern Beaches. It was to be retired, operating its final service on 13 October 2021.[13] However, on the 13th of June 2022 it was announced that the Queenscliff will be brought back in to service, after a refit, to replace the Collaroy due to steering problems.[6] After belated completion of a previously routine 5 yearly dry docking, the vessel reentered service on Monday 27 November 2023.
stored at Cockatoo Island. Set to be refurbished and returned to service.
MV Narrabeen is the third of the four Freshwater-class ferries to enter service. It is named after Narrabeen Beach on Sydney's Northern Beaches. Planned to be retired in 2021, On 9 December, it was announced that Narrabeen would get a new engine and continue service.[citation needed] However, after much delay it was announced that the Narrabeen's engine rebuild was cancelled due to supply chain issues and expenses and the vessel was officially retired. However, after the 2023 New South Wales state election new Transport minister announced the return of all 4 Freshwater Ferries meaning Narrabeen will receive the maintenance required for it to return to full time service.
She is the third Manly ferry to be called "Narrabeen". Narrabeen (I) was an 1886-built iron paddle-steamer that was hulked in 1917. Narrabeen (II) was built in 1921 and was the last of the Manly cargo ferries. She was sold out of the Manly run in 1928 and wrecked in 1958.
MV Collaroy is the final Freshwater-class ferry to enter service. It is named after Collaroy Beach on Sydney's Northern Beaches.
Collaroy differed from her classmates in having been equipped with underwater stabilisers, enhanced radar for use on ocean cruises, a reversed funnel, a “Becker” style rudder, different wheelhouse windows, and thicker hull plating, which altogether makes her the heaviest of the Freshwater-class ferries.[14] The control systems were upgraded to match that being fitted during overhauls of the other Freshwater class. The Collaroy was also fitted with outdoor seating areas at each end of the upper deck which at the time was unique to the Collaroy. After this outdoor seating proved popular with passengers the other 3 Freshwater's were renovated to feature this outdoor seating in the early 2000s.
When Sydney hosted the 2000 Summer Olympics, Collaroy was the vessel used to carry the Olympic Flame across Sydney Harbour. In February 2001, Collaroy ran aground on Manly Point, putting the ferry out of service for several months and costing $2 million to repair.[9] Collaroy was originally meant to be retained along with MV Freshwater, operating on weekends and public holidays, however on the 13th of June 2022 it was announced that Collaroy would be retired and replaced with the previously retired MV Queenscliff after Queenscliff under goes a refit.[6] It was announced that the Collaroy may not return to service with her sisters due to difficulty obtaining parts for her. She was retired on September 27, 2023, with her future uncertain. It is rumoured that she may be used as a test bed for a conversion to electric, rather than diesel, although this has not been confirmed.
The Northern Beaches is a region within Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, near the Pacific coast. This area extends south to the entrance of Port Jackson, west to Middle Harbour and north to the entrance of Broken Bay. The area was formerly inhabited by the Garigal or Caregal people in a region known as Guringai country.
SS Balgowlah was a ferry on Sydney Harbour operated by the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company on the Manly service from 1912 until 1951.
The Urban Transit Authority, a former statutory authority of the Government of New South Wales, was responsible for the operation and maintenance of buses and ferries in Sydney and Newcastle from July 1980 until January 1989.
Manly ferry services operate on Sydney Harbour connecting the Sydney suburb of Manly with Circular Quay in the CBD, a journey of seven nautical miles.
The Port Jackson and Manly Steamship Company (PJ&MSC) was a publicly listed company that operated the Manly ferries in Sydney, Australia. After being taken over by Brambles Industries, the ferry service was eventually taken over by the State Government and is now part of Sydney Ferries.
The SS South Steyne is a former Manly ferry on Sydney Harbour. She was the world's largest steam-powered passenger ferry and operated on the service from 1938 to 1974. Restored in the 1980s, she served as a restaurant ship in Newcastle in the 1990s, and in 2000 was moved back to Sydney and open to the public at Darling Harbour. Since April 2016 she has been stored at Berrys Bay. She was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Burra Bra was a Manly ferry on Sydney Harbour that operated by the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company from 1908 until 1940, before being requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy for use as an anti-submarine training vessel and target tow during World War II.
MV Baragoola was a ferry formerly operated by the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company and its successors on the Manly service.
MV Manly was a Supramar PT20 type hydrofoil ferry which operated on Sydney Harbour from 1965 to 1980. It was the first hydrofoil to operate on Sydney Harbour.
Forgacs Shipyard is a shipbuilding company located at Tomago, New South Wales on the Hunter River. It was originally opened in 1957 by John Laverick at Carrington as Carrington Slipways, and built 45 ships between then and 1968. By 1972, the business required larger premises and moved to Tomago, not far from the Pacific Highway. The shipyard was purchased by Forgacs Engineering in 1997.
PS Brighton was a ferry used on the Sydney to Manly run. The biggest Manly ferry at the time and the largest paddle steamer to operate on Sydney Harbour, she was well-appointed and popular with passengers.
The MV North Head was a ferry operated by the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company and its successors on the Manly service from 1913 until 1985.
Bellubera was a ferry operated by the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company on the Manly service. Launched in 1910, she was the third of six "Binngarra-type" vessels. Upon her 1936 conversion from steam power, she became the first diesel-electric vessel in Australia. She was decommissioned in 1973, and scuttled at sea in 1980.
The Emerald ferry class is a class of ferry operated by Sydney Ferries on Sydney Harbour. There is capacity for about 400 passengers, improved accessibility for people with disabilities, wi-fi access, luggage and bicycle storage areas and charging stations/ USB ports for electronic devices.
Binngarra was a ferry operated by Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company on the Manly service. Launched in 1905, she was the first of six similar vessels built for the company–the Binngarra class—the success of which saw three of her sister vessels serving through to the 1970s and 1980s.
Manly (II) was a ferry that served on the Sydney to Manly run from 1896 to 1924.
Narrabeen was a paddle steamer ferry on Sydney Harbour that ran on the Circular Quay to Manly route.
Kosciusko was a "K-class" ferry on Sydney Harbour. Launched in 1911, the timber-hulled steamer was built for Sydney Ferries Limited during the boom in cross-harbour ferry travel prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Sydney Harbour ferry services date back to the first years of Sydney's European settlement. Slow and sporadic boats ran along the Parramatta River from Sydney to Parramatta and served the agricultural settlements in between. By the mid-1830s, speculative ventures established regular services. From the late-nineteenth century the North Shore developed rapidly. A rail connection to Milsons Point took alighting ferry passengers up the North Shore line to Hornsby, New South Wales via North Sydney. Without a bridge connection, increasingly large fleets of steamers serviced the cross harbour routes and in the early twentieth century, Sydney Ferries Limited was the largest ferry operator in the world.
Kanangra is a retired ferry on Sydney Harbour. She was launched in 1912 during the early-twentieth century pre-Sydney Harbour Bridge boom years of Sydney Ferries Limited.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tom Mead (1994). Manly Ferries of Sydney Harbour: The Seven Mile Ships. Sydney: Dolphin Books.
1 2 3 Burness, Corlett Australia Pty. Ltd. (July 1975), Manly-Circular Quay Ferry Service - Type Optimisation and Preliminary Design Study for Public Transport Commission of N.S.W., Cremorne, NSW{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Annual Report: 1980-81, Urban Transport Authority of New South Wales
↑ Queenscliff had been in service for 38 years, just over half the time the previous Bingarra-class vessels operated (63 years). On 10 December 2021, it was announced that the Narrabeen would get an engine rebuild. It had been in storage since June of that year as its engine hours had expired and therefore, engine was in need of a major overhaul. As of January 2022, the old engines have been dismantled as part of commencing work on the overhaul. Sydney to retain second Freshwater ferryArchived 21 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine The Young Witness 15 January 2021
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