Kuskanook

Kuskanook underway, 1928.
History
Name	Kuskanook
Owner	Canadian Pacific Railway
Operator	CPR River and Lake Service
Route	Kootenay Lake
Builder	James M. Bulger
Cost	$104,145..37
Launched	May 5, 1906
Maiden voyage	July 19, 1906
Out of service	December 1931
Identification	Canada #121758
Fate	Converted to floating hotel in 1932 and sank in 1936.
General characteristics
Type	inland all-purpose.
Tonnage	1008 GRT; 548 NRT
Length	193.5 ft (58.98 m)
Beam	30.9 ft (9.42 m)
Depth	7 ft (2.13 m) depth of hold
Installed power	twin steam engines, horizontally mounted: cylinder bore 22 in (56 cm); stroke 8 ft 3 in (251 cm); 32.3 nominal horsepower; 560 indicated horsepower; boiler generated steam pressure 180 p.s.i.
Propulsion	stern-wheel
Capacity	Licensed for 450 passengers; 37 staterooms.
Crew	Twenty-eight (including seven officers).

Kuskanook was a wooden, stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on Kootenay Lake, in British Columbia from 1906 to 1931. After being taken out of service, Kuskanook was sold for use as a floating hotel, finally sinking in 1936. The vessel name is also seen spelled Kooskanook. ^[1]

Route

Kootenay Lake was a long, glacially carved lake running north to south in the Kootenay region in British Columbia. ^[2] About halfway along the lake's length, an extension called the Western Arm curved in to Nelson, British Columbia. ^[2] Near the junction of the Western Arm with the main lake were, on the north of the arm, Balfour, and on the south, Proctor. ^[2]

North of Balfour, about halfway between the Western Arm and Lardeau, was the town of Kaslo, British Columbia. ^[2] Just to the east across the lake from the Western Arm there were landings at Kootenay Bay, Crawford Bay, and Pilot Bay. ^[2] At the southern end of the lake was Kootenay Landing, which was the furthest point reached by railroad when Kuskanook was built. ^[2]

Construction

Kuskanook was built by James M. Bulger at Nelson, British Columbia, in 1906 for the Canadian Pacific Railway. ^[3] No sternwheeler had been built in Nelson since Moyie was launched in 1898. ^[4] Kuskanook was one of a pair of nearly identical vessels ordered by CPR, the other being Okanagan, which was placed into service in 1907 on Okanagan Lake. ^[4] Both Kuskanook and Okanagan were based on the design of an earlier vessel, the Arrow Lakes sternwheeler Rossland.

The vessel cost $104,145.37. ^[3] The parts had been manufactured in eastern Canada and brought to Nelson to be assembled. ^[5] The launch on May 5, 1906, was reportedly attended by 3,500 people. ^[5]

Dimensions

Kuskanook was 193.5 ft (58.98 m), long, measured over the hull, exclusive of the fantail on which the stern-wheel was mounted. ^[3] The steamer had a beam of 30.9 ft (9.42 m) with a depth of hold of 7 ft (2.13 m) . ^[3] The Canadian merchant vessel registry number was Canada #121758. ^[3]

According to one source, Kuskanook had 37 staterooms and was licensed to carry 450 passengers. ^[3] Another, more detailed source, states that Kuskanook had four dining room tables, with total seating for 32 persons, with 39 staterooms, and a total passenger capacity of 400. ^[6] By the mid-1920s Kuskanook could carry eight motor vehicles, mostly on the route between Nelson and the settlement of Kuskonook, just north of Kootenay Landing. ^[6]

Kuskanook had three decks, the freight and machinery deck, above which were the passenger deck and the texas deck. ^[4] The wheelhouse was placed just forward of the funnel and stepped back from forward edge of the texas deck cabins. ^[4] The passenger accommodations were the finest yet seen on the Canadian Pacific's sternwheelers. ^[4]

Kuskanook required a crew of twenty-eight, including seven officers. ^[6]

Engineering

Kuskanook was driven by twin steam engines turning a stern-wheel. Each steam engine was horizontally mounted, with a cylinder bore of 22 in (56 cm), and a piston stroke of 8 ft 3 in (251 cm). ^[3] The steam plant generated 32.3 nominal horsepower; 560 indicated horsepower. ^[3] The boiler generated steam pressure ad 180 p.s.i. ^[3]

Career

Kuskanook and other lake steamers were often the only connections the communities along Kootenay Lake had with the outside world. ^[5] Kuskanook made its initial trip on July 19, 1906, running from Nelson BC to Kootenay Landing. ^[3] Kootenay Landing was the terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which reached the landing from points east through Crowsnest Pass. ^[4] Increasing demand for lake transport on this run was the main reason for placing Kuskanook into service. ^[4]

Because of the connection to the Crowsnest railway, the Nelson-Kootenay Landing run was called the “Crow Boat” route. ^[4] Increasing demand for lake transport on this run was the main reason for placing Kuskanook into service. ^[4]

Kuskanook was extensively refitted in 1911, and in 1913 was replaced on the Nelson-Kootenay Landing run by the new steel-hulled steamer Naskookin . ^[3] Kuskanook was refitted in 1914 and placed on the Nelson-Kaslo run. ^[3] From 1914 to December 31, 1930 Kuskanook was also operated as a relief steamer for Nasookin, and for excursions departing from Nelson. ^[3] Kuskanook also called at Balfour, where before the First World War, to encourage tourism, the Canadian Pacific had built a 50-room hotel. ^[7]

Steam pipe explosion

Kuskanook (left) and other lake steamers tied up at Proctor BC in May 1931, after completion of the rail link between Kootenay Landing and Proctor.

In 1925 there was a steam pipe explosion on Kuskanook. ^[8] A water trap failed in the main steam pipe leading aft to the boiler, and high pressure steam burst out all through the engine room. ^[8] Three crew members were scalded to death. ^[8] This was probably the worst fatal accident in the history of the Canadian Pacific's Lake and River Service. ^[8]

Last years

The completion of the B.C. Southern rail link between Kootenay Landing and Proctor eliminated the need for steamboat service between the two points. ^[5] Road construction had already reduced the demand for steamer transport. ^[5] In 1931, Kuskanook was worked on the Proctor-Crawford Bay-Lardeau run, and on excursions. ^[3]

Disposition

In December 1931, Canadian Pacific sold Kuskanook to Arthur D. Pochin. Canadian Pacific decided to keep Moyie in service, even though older, because Kuskanook’s wooden hull made the boat surplus. ^[9] Pochin tied Kuskanook up to a wharf at Nelson for use as a floating hotel. ^[3] The boat was later towed to Kootenay Landing, where it sank in 1936. ^[3]

Wreck status

The wreck of Kuskanook lies at Kokanee Landing, on Highway 3A, about 30 km east of Nelson. ^[10] The wreck lies perpendicular to the shore, and can be readily seen during low water. ^[10]

Notes

1. Mills, Randall V. (1947). "Ch. 7: To the Farthest Reach". Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country. Lincoln NE: University of Nebraska. 89. ISBN   0-8032-5874-7. LCCN   77007161.
2. Turner, Robert D. (1984). "Ch. 1: Early Steamboating in the Kootenays and the Okanagan". Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. 14-15. ISBN   0919203159.
3. Affleck, Edward L. (2000). "Part One: Ch. 2: Columbia River Waterways — List of Vessels". A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska. Vancouver, BC: Alexander Nicholls Press. 54. ISBN   0-920034-08-X.
4. Turner, Robert D. (1984). "Ch. 4: Years of Growth and Years of Change". Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. 129-133. ISBN   0919203159.
5. Downs, Art (1972). "Ch. 9: Arrow and Kootenay Lakes". Paddlewheels on the Frontier -- The Story of British Columbia and Yukon Sternwheel Steamers. Seattle, WA: Superior Pub. Co. 126-130. ISBN   978-0875642116.
6. Turner, Robert D. (1984). "Appdx III: Lake and River Service Steamer Crews and Accommodations". Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. 263. ISBN   0919203159.
7. Turner, Robert D. (1984). "Ch. 5: From Heyday to Decline". Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. 158-159. ISBN   0919203159.
8. Turner, Robert D. (1984). "Ch. 4: Years of Growth and Years of Change". Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. 119. ISBN   0919203159.
9. Turner, Robert D. (1984). "Ch. 5: From Heyday to Decline". Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service. Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. 198. ISBN   0919203159.
10. Royal BC Museum Living Landscapes

References

• Affleck, Edward L. (2000). A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska. Vancouver, BC: Alexander Nicholls Press. ISBN   0-920034-08-X.

• Downs, Art (1972). Paddlewheels on the Frontier -- The Story of British Columbia and Yukon Sternwheel Steamers. Seattle, WA: Superior Pub. Co. 126-130. ISBN   978-0875642116.
• Mills, Randall V. (1947). Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country. Lincoln NE: University of Nebraska. ISBN   0-8032-5874-7. LCCN   77007161.
• Newell, Gordon R., ed. (1966). H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: Superior Pub. Co. LCCN   66025424.

• Turner, Robert D. (1984). Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs: An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service (1st ed.). Victoria, BC: Sono Nis Press. ISBN   0919203159.