Rossland (sternwheeler)

Last updated
Steamers Trail, Rossland and Minto at Arrowhead, British Columbia c.1900.jpg
Rossland (in center), with Trail on left and Minto on right, between 1898 and 1900
History
Canadian Red Ensign (1868-1921).svg Canada
NameRossland
Owner Canadian Pacific Railway
Route Arrow Lakes
Builder Thomas J. Bulger [1]
Cost$86,000 [2]
LaunchedNovember 18, 1897, at Nakusp, BC [2]
In service1898 [1]
Out of service1916 [1]
IdentificationCAN 107142 [1]
FateSunk at dock while out of service, January 25, 1917 [2]
General characteristics
Typeinland lake boat, express passenger/tourism/general purpose
Tonnage884 gross; 531.5 net [1] [2]
Length183.5 ft (56 m) [2]
Beam29.1 ft (9 m) [2]
Depth7.0 ft (2 m) depth of hold [2]
Installed powercoal-fired boiler, steam engines, twin horizontally mounted, 22" bore by 96" stroke, 32.2 horsepower nominal [2]
Propulsionsternwheel
Speed22 miles per hour (maximum) [2]
Capacity300 passengers [2]

The Rossland was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia. It was named after Rossland, British Columbia, once a prosperous mining town in the region.

Contents

Design and construction

Rossland was the third steamboat built by the Canadian Pacific Railway for its steamboat lines running in the lakes of the Kootenays. She was designed by the superintendent of the C.P.R.'s Lake Service, the accomplished steamboat man James W. Troup to be an express passenger and tourism boat, intended to make the 256 mile round trip from Arrowhead to Robson and back in one day. [3]

Rossland was built at Nakusp at the shipyard owned by the master builder Thomas J. Bulger and his sons James M. and David T. Bulger. Most inland steamers of the Pacific Northwest were built with a flat bottom with as shallow a draft as possible so that they could move as far up the many shallow rivers to reach gold fields, farms or other areas where transportation was needed and roads or railroads were absent or inadequate. Rossland was an exception to this rule. She was intended to operate as a "lake boat" where depth of water was normally not a problem, and therefore she had a rounder and deeper bottom than the normal sternwheeler design. Her lake boat design would make Rossland faster and more efficient on the deep water of the Arrow Lakes. Her powerful engines were built by B.C. Iron Works, in Vancouver [2]

Service on Arrow Lakes

Following her launch, Rossland was towed to a nearby wharf by the vessel Nakusp for completion. Before passenger accommodations were installed, Rossland was worked towing barges while the Lytton was being overhauled. Passenger service for Rossland began in early 1898. At her maximum speed, 22 miles per hour, Rossland was easily the fast vessel on the lakes. However, she burned too much coal at this pace, and normally did not run so fast. [2] Steamboats were prone to damage and even destruction by fire, as Nakusp had been in 1897. In 1899 Rossland caught fire below the down of Nakusp. Captain Forslund was able to beach the vessel and extinguish the flames. [1] Steamboat operation on the Arrow Lakes was seasonal, as they were generally frozen over during winter. The boats were moored in as safe a place as could be found during the freeze up, and sometimes work would be done on them to prepare them for the next season. Often work would be done on the boats to prepare them for the next season, and this occurred in Rossland's case. [2]

Reconstruction

During the winter of 1908 to 1909, at a cost of $2,290, her Texas deck (the highest cabin on the ship except for the pilot house) was extended all the way back to the stern to allow additional passenger accommodations. The Rossland's hull, built entirely of wood, wore out quickly under heavy use, and became waterlogged. This was typical for wooden steamboats. If repair of the hull was impractical, sometimes a new hull would be built and the boat's cabins (called the "house") and machinery would be transferred to the new hull. In the winter of 1909-1910, this was done with the Rossland. She was brought into the shipyard at Nakusp, where builder James Bulger hauled her out of the water, unfastened her house and machinery, and jacked them up on timbers. Bulger and his workmen then launched the old hull back the lake and built a new hull under the old house and machinery. The supports were removed, and the vessel was relaunched. With a new hull, Rossland was practically a new steamboat. The Texas was also extended a bit during the 1909-10 reconstruction. [2]

Effects of the Great War

Rossland embarking troops, ca 1915, with Minto alongside. Rossland (sternwheeler) loading troops ca 1915.JPG
Rossland embarking troops, ca 1915, with Minto alongside.

When Canada entered the Great War in 1914, the young men of British Columbia were mobilized and many C.P.R. employees volunteered for Canada's armed services. Engineers, deck and engine room hands were especially wanted by the navy. As the young men left, the local farms and businesses declined, and there was a fall off in tourism as well. In her last years, Rossland like other C.P.R. inland steamers, transported troops. The economic downturn caused by mobilization forced C.P.R. to take a number of its steamers out of operation. Rossland had been having boiler troubles, and rather than repairing them, C.P.R. took her out of service. [1] [2]

Foundered at dock

On January 25, 1917, Rossland, moored at Nakusp, sank at the dock. Either her hull seams had opened or the weight of ice and snow on her decks and house had pressed her down so far that water poured in through ports that had been left open. She sank quickly, heeled over sharply on her port side, with the water up to the pilot house. Rossland was raised in March 1917. Her long-time master, Captain Forslund, bought her hull used it as a wharf boat for his place south of Needles. [1] [2]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Affleck, Edward L., A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska, at 24, Alexander Nicholls Press, Vancouver, BC 2000 ISBN   0-920034-08-X
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Turner, Robert D., Sternwheelers and Steam Tugs -- An Illustrated History of the Canadian Pacific Railway's British Columbia Lake and River Service, at 60-62, 138-144, 155, 157, 160, 161, 173, 175, 179, 251, 253, 258-59, Sono Nis Press, Victoria, BC 1984 ISBN   0-919203-15-9
  3. Downs, Art, Paddlewheels on the Frontier -- The Story of British Columbia and Yukon River Sternwheel Steamers, at 125, 128 and 130, Superior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1972

Further reading

Photographs of Rossland from the Provincial Archives of British Columbia

Related Research Articles

Steamboats of the Upper Fraser River

Twelve paddlewheel steamboats plied the upper Fraser River in British Columbia from 1863 until 1921. They were used for a variety of purposes: working on railroad construction, delivering mail, promoting real estate in infant townsites and bringing settlers in to a new frontier. They served the towns of Quesnel, Barkerville and Fort George. Some only worked the Fraser from Soda Creek to Quesnel, while others went all the way to Tête Jaune Cache or took the Nechako River and served Fort Fraser and beyond.

<i>Bonnington</i> (sternwheeler)

Bonnington was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia from 1911 to 1931. Bonnington and two sisterships were the largest sternwheelers ever built in British Columbia. Bonnington was partially dismantled in the 1950s, and later sank, making the vessel the largest freshwater wreck site in British Columbia.

Steamboats of the Arrow Lakes

The era of steamboats on the Arrow Lakes and adjoining reaches of the Columbia River is long-gone but was an important part of the history of the West Kootenay and Columbia Country regions of British Columbia. The Arrow Lakes are formed by the Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia. Steamboats were employed on both sides of the border in the upper reaches of the Columbia, linking port-towns on either side of the border, and sometimes boats would be built in one country and operated in the other. Tributaries of the Columbia include the Kootenay River which rises in Canada, then flows south into the United States, then bends north again back into Canada, where it widens into Kootenay Lake. As with the Arrow Lakes, steamboats once operated on the Kootenay River and Kootenay Lake.

Steamboats of the Coquille River

The Coquille River starts in the Siskiyou National Forest and flows hundreds of miles through the Coquille Valley on its way to the Pacific Ocean. Bandon, Oregon, sits at the mouth of the Coquille River on the Pacific Ocean. Before the era of railroads and later, automobiles, the steamboats on the Coquille River were the major mode of transportation from Bandon to Coquille and Myrtle Point in southern Coos County, Oregon, United States.

James William Troup

James William Troup was an American steamship captain, Canadian Pacific Railway administrator and shipping pioneer.

<i>Minto</i> (sternwheeler)

Minto was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia from 1898 to 1954. In those years of service, Minto had steamed over 3.2 million kilometers serving the small communities on Arrow Lakes. Minto and her sister Moyie were the last sternwheelers to run in regularly scheduled passenger service in the Pacific Northwest. The "Minto" class of sailing dinghies is named after this vessel.

<i>Kootenai</i> (sternwheeler) Sternwheel steamboat

Kootenai was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia from 1885 to 1895. Kootenai was the second sternwheeler to run on the Arrow Lakes. This vessel should not be confused with the similarly named Kootenay, an 1897 sternwheeler that also ran on the Arrow Lakes.

<i>Lytton</i> (sternwheeler) Canadian sternwheel steamboat

Lytton was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Arrow Lakes and the Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia and northeastern Washington from 1890 to 1904.

<i>Columbia</i> (Arrow Lakes sternwheeler)

Columbia was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia from 1891 to 1894. Columbia should be distinguished from the many other vessels with the same or similar names, including in particular the propeller-driven steamboat Columbia that ran on the Arrow Lakes for many years.

<i>Nakusp</i> (sternwheeler)

The Nakusp was a sternwheel steamboat that operated from 1895 to 1897 on the Arrow Lakes of British Columbia.

<i>Marion</i> (sternwheeler)

Marion was a small sternwheel steamboat that operated in several waterways in inland British Columbia from 1888 to 1901.

Steamboats of the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers Overview of the steamboats of the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers

From 1886 to 1920, steamboats ran on the upper reaches of the Columbia and Kootenay in the Rocky Mountain Trench, in western North America. The circumstances of the rivers in the area, and the construction of transcontinental railways across the trench from east to west made steamboat navigation possible.

<i>Tenino</i> (sternwheeler)

The Tenino was the second steamboat to run on the Columbia River above Celilo Falls and on the Snake River. Following a reconstruction or major salvage in 1876 this vessel was named the New Tenino.

SS <i>Okanagan</i>

SS Okanagan was a steamship owned and operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway Lake and River Service. The vessel was constructed in 1906 at Okanagan Landing and launched in 1907, becoming Okanagan Lake's second steamship. She linked the transportation hubs at both the north and south ends of Okanagan Lake (Vernon and Penticton, respectively, aiding the development of interior British Columbia with other steamships of the 1900s. The ship was retired in 1934 and sold for scrap and spare parts. Only the Stern Saloon, a room in the back of the upper deck, remains. It was moved to the SS Sicamous Heritage Park in Penticton in 2002, to undergo restoration work.

<i>Jennie Clark</i> American steamboat

Jennie Clark, also seen spelled Jenny Clark, was the first sternwheel-driven steamboat to operate on the rivers of the Pacific Northwest, including British Columbia. This vessel was commonly known as the Jennie when it was in service. The design of the Jennie Clark set a pattern for all future sternwheel steamboats built in the Pacific Northwest and in British Columbia.

SS <i>Kootenay</i>

SS Kootenay was a Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) wooden-hulled sternwheeler that serviced the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia, Canada from 1897 to 1919. She was a large freight and passenger steamship and the first in a series of CPR riverboats built for the Arrow Lakes.

<i>Mascot</i> (sternwheeler)

Mascot was a sternwheel-driven steamboat built in 1890 which operated primarily on a route running from Portland, Oregon down the Willamette and Columbia rivers to points on the Lewis and Lake rivers. Points served included the town of Woodland, Washington, on the main branch of the Lewis, and La Center, Washington on the east fork.

<i>Kuskanook</i>

Kuskanook was a wooden, stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on Kootenay Lake, in British Columbia from 1906 to 1931. After being taken out of service, Kuskanook was sold for use as a floating hotel, finally sinking in 1936. The vessel name is also seen spelled Kooskanook.

<i>International</i> (sternwheeler)

International was a stern-wheel driven steam boat that operated on Kootenay Lake in British Columbia from 1896 to 1908. International was owned by a Canadian subsidiary of the Great Northern Railway and was involved in sharp competition, including steamboat racing, with similar vessels owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

<i>Nasookin</i>

Nasookin was a sternwheel-driven steamboat that operated on Kootenay Lake in British Columbia from 1913 to 1947. Nasookin was one of the largest inland steam vessels ever to operate in British Columbia and the Columbia River and its tributaries. Nasookin became surplus to its original owner, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and was transferred to the British Columbia Provincial government which used it as an auto ferry until 1947. Negligent mooring of the steamer in 1948 led to irreparable damage to its hull, and it was later scrapped. Portions of the upper works were salvaged and used as a house.