Nakusp and Slocan Railway

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The Nakusp and Slocan Railway (N&S) is a historic Canadian railway that operated in southeastern British Columbia.

Canada Country in North America

Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with 70% of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.

British Columbia Province of Canada

British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. With an estimated population of 5.016 million as of 2018, it is Canada's third-most populous province.

Contents

Its line ran between Nakusp, New Denver, British Columbia and Sandon, British Columbia in the Kootenay region of British Columbia.

Sandon, British Columbia Place in British Columbia, Canada

Sandon is a ghost town in the Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Once the unofficial capital of the mining region known as the "Silvery Slocan", only some of it remains standing.

The Kootenays or Kootenay is a region of southeastern British Columbia. It takes its name from the Kootenay River, which in turn was named for the Kutenai First Nations people.

The railway operated a steamship service on the Arrow Lakes at Nakusp, which connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) mainline at Revelstoke). It also operated a steamship service on Slocan Lake at Rosebery, which connected with the CPR's Columbia and Kootenay Railway (C&K) at Slocan City.

Steamship Type of steam powered vessel

A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically move (turn) propellers or paddlewheels. The first steamships came into practical usage during the early 1800s; however, there were exceptions that came before. Steamships usually use the prefix designations of "PS" for paddle steamer or "SS" for screw steamer. As paddle steamers became less common, "SS" is assumed by many to stand for "steam ship". Ships powered by internal combustion engines use a prefix such as "MV" for motor vessel, so it is not correct to use "SS" for most modern vessels.

Arrow Lakes lake

The Arrow Lakes in British Columbia, Canada, divided into Upper Arrow Lake and Lower Arrow Lake, are widenings of the Columbia River. The lakes are situated between the Selkirk Mountains to the east and the Monashee Mountains to the west. Beachland is fairly rare, and is interspersed with rocky headlands and steep cliffs. Mountain sides are heavily forested, and rise sharply to elevations around 2,600 metres.

Canadian Pacific Railway railway in Canada

The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, and known as simply Canadian Pacific is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881. The railroad is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001.

The line was extended to Kaslo with the purchase of the Kaslo and Slocan Railway in 1912.

Kaslo and Slocan Railway

The Kaslo and Slocan Railway was a 3 ft narrow-gauge railway between Kaslo, Slocan, and the mining community of Sandon in the Kootenay region of British Columbia between 1895 and 1955 totalling about 53 km (33 mi) of track. It was operated originally by the Great Northern Railway and later by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Route

The original route started at a boat slip on the Arrow Lakes near Nakusp. The railway climbed steeply up to the pass and Summit Lake and descended to Slocan Lake at Hills. The railway followed the lake's eastern shore to Rosebery where another boat slip and yard was constructed. Further along the lake shore, the railway started climbing just before New Denver and worked its way up the steep Carpenter Creek to Three Forks. The line was extended in 1895 using a steep 4.5% grade to Sandon. The line totalled 65 km in length.

History

The railway route was built during the mining boom in the Kootenays during the 1890s. A major silver find on Payne Mountain immediately grew into the city of Sandon (now a ghost town) and the CPR wanted to connect the region with their mainline. The Great Northern Railway, its big competitor in the region was backing the Kaslo and Slocan Railway (K&S) that was building a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway from Kaslo on Kootenay Lake west to Sandon.

Great Northern Railway (U.S.) defunct American Class I railway company (1889–1970)

The Great Northern Railway was an American Class I railroad. Running from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington, it was the creation of 19th-century railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill and was developed from the Saint Paul & Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern's (GN) route was the northernmost transcontinental railroad route in the U.S.

Kootenay Lake lake in British Columbia, Canada

Kootenay Lake is a lake located in British Columbia, Canada and is part of the Kootenay River. The lake has been raised by the Corra Linn Dam and has a dike system at the southern end, which, along with industry in the 1950s-70s, has changed the ecosystem in and around the water. The Kootenay Lake ferry is a year-round toll-free ferry that crosses between Kootenay Bay and Balfour. The lake is a popular summer tourist destination.

The railway received its charter from the provincial government in 1892 and was immediately leased by the CPR. By October, 1894, the railway had been completed from Nakusp, along Slocan Lake and up the valley to Three Forks. When the K&S connected to Sandon in 1895, which was growing into the bigger community in the area, the CPR decided to extend the line to Sandon by a 7 km (4.3 mi) extension.

The N&S and the K&S were aggressively competitive for the ore produced by the mines in the area. At one point, K&S demolished the CPR depot after it was built on contested land. In 1912, with the mining slowing down, the CPR bought K&S and built a new line up Carpenter Creek to the pass and a connection with the grade of the K&S. The narrow gauge K&S was rebuilt to 4 ft 8 12 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) and the entire line to Kaslo was operated as part of the CPR.

See the Kaslo and Slocan Railway for more information.

The N&S also served as a connection between the CPR's C&K railway connecting to Nelson, the smelter at Trail and other points. Before the southern mainline was completed, the N&S was the bypass route, rather than using boats up the entire length of the Arrow Lakes which was often blocked by ice and low water.

Decreasing traffic, high maintenance costs and railway deregulation saw services cut back and eventually abandoned during the latter part of the 20th century. The line between New Denver and Kaslo was severed in the 1950s due to mudslides and rails were removed from Kaslo in the 1970s. The last rail car ferry on Slocan Lake was closed in 1988.

Parts of the line have been converted to multi-use rail trail, known as the Slocan Valley Rail Trail.

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West Kootenay Transit System is the public transit system in Trail, Casltegar, Nelson, British Columbia and surrounding area. The transit services are operated from Trail, Castlegar, Nelson and serve Rossland, Warfield, Genelle, Montrose, Fruitvale, Salmo, Kaslo, Creston, Nakusp. Funding is provided under a partnership between the Regional District of Kootenay Boundary, Regional District of Central Kootenay and BC Transit. handyDART provides door-to-door transportation for people whose disability prevents them from using conventional bus service.

Ainsworth, British Columbia Village in British Columbia, Canada

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Steamboats of the Arrow Lakes

The era of steamboats on the Arrow Lakes and adjoining reaches of the Columbia River is long-gone but was an important part of the history of the West Kootenay and Columbia Country regions of British Columbia. The Arrow Lakes are formed by the Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia. Steamboats were employed on both sides of the border in the upper reaches of the Columbia, linking port-towns on either side of the border, and sometimes boats would be built in one country and operated in the other. Tributaries of the Columbia include the Kootenay River which rises in Canada, then flows south into the United States, then bends north again back into Canada, where it widens into Kootenay Lake. As with the Arrow Lakes, steamboats once operated on the Kootenay River and Kootenay Lake.

Slocan may refer to:

<i>Nakusp</i> (sternwheeler)

The Nakusp was a sternwheel steamboat that operated from 1895 to 1897 on the Arrow Lakes of British Columbia.

Slocan Lake lake in British Columbia, Canada

Slocan Lake is a lake in the Slocan Valley of the West Kootenay region of the Southeastern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. it is drained by the Slocan River, which flows south from the lake's foot at Slocan City through the Slocan Valley to South Slocan, British Columbia, where that river meets the Kootenay River a few miles above its confluence with the Columbia. It is fed by Bonanza Creek, which comes down the pass from Summit Lake, beyond which is the town of Nakusp on Upper Arrow Lake.

<i>Marion</i> (sternwheeler) small sternwheel steamboat

Marion was a small sternwheel steamboat that operated in several waterways in inland British Columbia from 1888 to 1901.

Columbia and Western Railway

The Columbia and Western Railway was a historic Canadian narrow gauge railway located in southern British Columbia.

The Canadian Pacific Railway is a Canadian Class I railway that stretches from Montreal, Quebec, to Vancouver, British Columbia. The British Columbia (BC) portion of the railway was constructed between 1881 and 1885, fulfilling a promise extended to BC when it entered Confederation in 1871. For decades, it was the only practical means of long–distance passenger transport in Canada.

Rosebery, British Columbia Place in British Columbia, Canada

Rosebery is an unincorporated community on the east side of Slocan Lake in the Slocan Valley of the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located north of the Village of New Denver. Rosebery is a largely agricultural, recreation-retirement and resource community, with historical roots in the days of the Silvery Slocan silver-mining rush in the region and was important in the days of railway services in the valley which used the Rosebery Slip, a combined dock and barge transfer slip serving steamboats on Slocan Lake and the Nakusp & Slocan Railway.

Three Forks, British Columbia Place in British Columbia, Canada

Three Forks is a ghost town located east of Slocan Lake, northeast of New Denver, in the Kootenays region of British Columbia. The town was located at the forks of three creeks: Carpenter Creek, Seaton Creek, and Kane Creek. Three Forks was founded in 1892 with the discovery of silver in the area. The Nakusp and Slocan Railway passed through Three Forks. In the summer of 1894, Three Forks was destroyed by a forest fire. The town was rebuilt. In 1897 Henderson's Gazeteer listed 15 businesses in Three Forks. Three Forks contained six hotels: Brunswick, Black's, Richelieu, Wilmington, Slocan, and Miner's Exchange. Madigan stagecoaches passed through Three Forks on the way to Cody or Sandon. Pack trains of G.B. Matthews also passed through Three Forks. Three Forks's best years were between 1892 and 1902. By 1909 the town was in decline and nearby Sandon gained prominence. A few old ruins are all that remains of Three Forks.

SS <i>Kootenay</i>

SS Kootenay was a Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) wooden-hulled sternwheeler that serviced the Arrow Lakes in British Columbia, Canada from 1897 to 1919. She was a large freight and passenger steamship and the first in a series of CPR riverboats built for the Arrow Lakes.

SS Columbia was a large screw-driven tugboat that operated on the Arrow Lakes and Columbia River in British Columbia, Canada.

References

Turner, Robert and Wilkie, David (1994). The Skyline Limited: The Kaslo and Slocan Railway, Victoria:Sono Nis Press