Lake Superior State University

Last updated

Lake Superior State University
Lake Superior State University Seal.svg
Former name
Sault Ste. Marie Residence Center of the Michigan College of Mining & Technology (1946–1966)
Lake Superior State College of Michigan Technological University (1966–1970)
Lake Superior State College (1970–1987)
MottoBelieve in Blue
Redefining the Classroom.
Type Public college
Established1946; [1] 78 years ago
Endowment US$14.1 million [2]
President Lynn Gillette (interim)
Academic staff
115 full-time [1]
Students2,637 (fall 2010) [3]
Undergraduates 2,435 (fall 2013) [3]
Postgraduates 71 (fall 2010) [3]
Location,
U.S.

46°29′35″N84°21′47″W / 46.493°N 84.363°W / 46.493; -84.363
CampusSmall city
115 acre campus [1]
Colors Blue & Gold [4]
   
Nickname Lakers
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division ICCHA
NCAA Division IIGLIAC
MascotSeamore the Sea Duck,
Fog Horn the Sailor [5]
Website www.lssu.edu
Lake Superior State University Wordmark.svg

Lake Superior State University (colloquially Lake State, Soo Tech, and LSSU) is a public college in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It enrolls approximately 2,000 students. Due to its proximity to the Canadian border, LSSU has many Canadian students and offers joint programs with Sault College and Algoma University in the twin city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada across the St. Marys River. In a sign of this close relationship with its international neighbor, LSSU flies both the Canadian and United States flags on its campus.

Contents

LSSU offers primarily bachelor's and associate degrees, but also offers certificates. LSSU has regional centers in northern Michigan in the cities of Gaylord, Escanaba, Petoskey and St. Helen. It also has a center in southeast Michigan in the city of Dearborn. It is one of three Michigan public colleges or universities that is also a community college. [6]

History

Brown Hall served as post headquarters of Fort Brady. It was the home of the Fine Arts Academy until the Fine Arts Center opened in 2005, and it now serves as the office building for the Integrated Marketing Department. 2009-0618-LSSU-BrownHall.jpg
Brown Hall served as post headquarters of Fort Brady. It was the home of the Fine Arts Academy until the Fine Arts Center opened in 2005, and it now serves as the office building for the Integrated Marketing Department.
The Administration Building was originally the Quartermaster's building in Fort Brady. 2009-0618-LSSU-Admin.jpg
The Administration Building was originally the Quartermaster's building in Fort Brady.

The area that makes up the campus of Lake Superior State University served as Fort Brady from 1894 to 1944; it is listed as "New Fort Brady" on the National Register of Historic Places, as the earlier incarnation of the fort was downhill.

Lake Superior State University was established in 1946 to address the needs of returning World War II veterans and to provide educational opportunities to the people of the Eastern Upper Peninsula. The 115-acre (0.47 km2) campus includes several buildings which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The institution was originally a branch of Michigan College of Mining & Technology, which is now known as Michigan Technological University. It opened in 1946 as the Sault Ste. Marie Residence Center of the Michigan College of Mining & Technology, which was commonly shortened to Soo Tech. The original class consisted of 272 students. The institution was later renamed Lake Superior State College of Michigan Technological University in 1966. The college received autonomy from Michigan Tech in 1970 and was known as Lake Superior State College until 1987, when the institution was granted university status. [7]

The institution's college radio station is WLSO, and its student newspaper is The Compass.

Academics

Lake Superior State's most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were: [8]

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration (46)
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse (34)
Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management (29)
Exercise Science and Kinesiology (20)
Business/Commerce (19)
Biology/Biological Sciences (17)

Major buildings

New Fort Brady
2009-0618-LSSU-SouthHall.jpg
Original barracks of Fort Brady
USA Michigan location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location in Michigan
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location in United States
LocationLake Superior State University
Coordinates 46°29′36″N84°21′34″W / 46.4934°N 84.3595°W / 46.4934; -84.3595
NRHP reference No. 72000605 [9]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJanuary 13, 1972
Designated MSHSJuly 17, 1971 [10]

Administration Building
The Administration Building houses the offices of the President and Provost, as well as human resources, purchasing, and public safety.

Arts Center
The arts center is a $15 million facility which opened in 2005. The arts center houses a 674-seat auditorium, art, music and dance studios, classrooms and faculty offices. The Arts Center Gallery has a permanent display from the L. F. Noyes Collection of Native American and Western Art.

Brady Hall
This building is currently being used as men's freshmen housing. The building is named after Colonel Hugh Brady. Col. Brady was the first commanding officer to serve at Fort Brady. Brady Hall was built as barracks for WACS or Women's Army Corps in 1938.

Brown Hall
Built in the 1820s, this building served as the captain's quarters of Fort Brady. Brown Hall wasn't called by its present name until 1982 when it was named for the retired janitor, Edward J. Brown. [11] In the 1940s, the school as well as this building became a guide for veterans of WWII. Remodeling of this hall took place in 1946. [12] In the 1960s, Brown Hall was converted into a counseling and career center that provided academic advising. It was originally led by Steve Youngs and was later taken on by John Truckey. [13] It one served as the location of the School of Education, and the Fine Arts Program. It now houses the Integrated Marketing Department. Much of the known information about this building can be recovered from the LSSU KJS Library Special Collections room.

CASET
The Center for Applied Science and Engineering Technology is home to the School of Engineering and Technology, as well as the School of Mathematics and Computer Science. CASET also houses the LSSU Robotics Lab and the Product Development Center.

Cisler Center
The Walker Cisler Student and Conference Center is the main food service and student life building on campus. Dining options include the Quarterdeck and Galley, which features the Grill 155 and a convenience store. It is also home to the Office of Campus Life and Housing, and hosts the Peacock Cove Coffee House, Student Government offices, Student Organization Center, the school newspaper (The Compass), and the University radio station (WLSO).

Crawford Hall
This building focuses on the many science degrees offered at the university, from nursing to biology and chemistry, to fisheries and wildlife. In 2000, a $23 million renovation and expansion was completed, providing modern laboratory, classroom, and faculty and student research space. Crawford Hall also houses the LSSU Superior Analytics Laboratory, Ben Long Planetarium, Kemp Mineral Museum, and Café a la Carte.

Fletcher Center
Business Operations, Financial Aid, Registrar, and Scheduling can all be found in the former gymnasium for Fort Brady and later, the Soo Tech Hornets. It was named after LSSU benefactor, H. Thayer Fletcher

Norris Center
This is the main building for recreation, and the School of Criminal Justice, Fire Science and Emergency Medical Services and the School of Recreation and Exercise Science. It is also the main building for the Athletic Department and includes the main office for the Athletic Director. Inside the building lies the Cooper Gym, home of the Laker basketball and volleyball teams; Taffy Abel Arena, home of the Laker hockey team; and the Student Activity Center (SAC), which hosts tennis, track, a weights area and climbing wall. The university has announced a renovation effort to several athletic Norris Center facilities.

Shouldice Library
The Kenneth J. Shouldice Library facility houses offices for Social Sciences, Business, English and Communications, and two lecture halls. The main level includes the main circulation desk and audio visual, and the Testing Center. It also offers a student computer lab, interactive TV rooms and the Shouldice Gallery. The lower level is home to the Learning Center, Career Services, and academic supportive services. The second floor has a special collections room with five special collections including the Oschner Collection, and a group of Native American, Mayan, European, and African American artifacts and books. [14]

R.W. Considine Hall
Formerly, South Hall, R.W. Considine Hall is the newest capital project at LSSU. It was formally dedicated April 21, 2017 and houses LSSU's Lukenda School of Business providing state-of the art facilities for all campus programs. A three-year, $13.5 million project took the existing 32,000 sq. ft. South Hall and added another 12,000 sq. feet to provide an interactive commons with an expanded cafe, new program and conference rooms, faculty offices and support spaces, a securities trading lab, the Frenchie LaJoie Board Room, and a Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation that will serve the twin Sault Communities on both sides of the U.S. and Canadian border.

The LSSU Foundation Office raised $3.6 million in its capital campaign for the project ($600,000 more than expected). The State of Michigan provided $9 million. The building's namesake - Robert W. Considine - partnered with LSSU's Foundation Office in 2014 to push the project over its funding goal by matching gifts up to $450,000.

South Hall

Built in 1903, South Hall was originally built to house Fort Brady's infantry soldiers. The infantry barracks were originally composed of twin buildings. South Hall's twin stood approximately 80 feet to the west of South Hall, and was known as the Forestry Building. The two buildings were connected by a third building, which was a one-floor 80 ft by 40 ft wooden structure consisting of an outer shell with a hard wood floor. The building was referred to as the "drill floor". ROTC cadets practiced marching in the building during inclement weather; otherwise, drills took place outside on the parade grounds, which is where the Kenneth Shouldice Library now stands. The Forestry building was destroyed by fire in the early 1960s. The drill floor building was not damaged but was razed during the demolition of the Forestry Building. The floor itself was scavenged and sold. Prior to this time, South Hall was always referred to as the Library although the library only took up a portion of the building. The Campus Book Store used two floors before moving to the renovated Canusa Hall, which saw dining services move to the Cisler Center.

Admissions

Fall First-Time Freshman Statistics [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
202120202019201820172016
Applicants2,3091,7091,6572,8461,1801,457
Admits1,6801,1809411,7856611,320
Admit rate72.869.056.862.756.090.6
Enrolled324303296338294379
Yield rate19.325.731.518.944.428.7
ACT composite*
(out of 36)
19-2718-2618-2320-2619-2620-25
SAT composite*
(out of 1600)
963-1178950-1170970-1160990-1200990-1180
* middle 50% range

LSSU is considered "selective" by U.S. News & World Report. [21] For the Class of 2025 (enrolling Fall 2021), LSSU received 2,309 applications and accepted 1,680 (72.8%), with 324 enrolling. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 963-1178. The middle 50% ACT composite score range was 19-27.

Notable facilities

Aquatic Research Laboratory
The LSSU ARL [22] is an off campus research and educational facility in the east end of the Cloverland Electric Coop hydroelectric plant. The ARL houses the University's fish hatchery, and conducts research on fisheries and aquatic ecology in the region. Since 1984 the Aquatic Research Laboratory has released 40,000 Atlantic salmon into the St.Mary's River.

Superior Analytics Laboratory
The SAL is housed in the chemistry department at LSSU, and provides analytical services [23] to LSSU researchers, government agencies, businesses, and private citizens. The SAL routinely conducts standard environmental testing, as well as trace level analysis of environmental contaminants such as pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, metals, and cyanotoxins. Revenues from the SAL assist the Chemistry Department in purchasing and maintaining state of the art analytical instrumentation, and provide students with employment opportunities and experience working in a professional lab.

Product Development Center
The PDC provides a mechanism by which small businesses and entrepreneurs can access the expertise of the LSSU engineering faculty and students to produce low cost, functional prototypes. The PDC provides a range of services including rapid prototyping, component design and testing, machining, process optimization, statistical analysis, and documentation services. [24] [ failed verification ]

Robotics Lab
The LSSU Robotics Lab is a multimillion-dollar facility dedicated to student instruction in robotics and automation technology. Robotic workcells use FANUC, Stäubli, and Kuka industrial robots. [25] [ failed verification ]

Simulation Center
In the fall of 2018, through a collaboration with a community member of interest, the Lake Superior State University/War Memorial Hospital (LSSU/WMH) Simulation Center was created as a partnership and allowed the Simulation Center to be moved to an on-campus location. This center is housed in a newly renovated space in the Arts Center Building. With a little more than 4,000 sq. feet, the simulation center provides a wide range of simulated experiences for students using high-fidelity male, female, pediatric, and infant simulators. There are three designated patient care areas each with their own control and debriefing rooms. Each patient room consists of working infusion pumps, headwall units, patient monitors, and simulated electronic health records. There is a spacious medication/supply area with a simulated medication-dispensing unit. Because the simulation center provides learning experiences as part of the paramedic program, a simulated ambulance was purchased during the fall 2018 semester, which provides for an increased ability to coordinate and run Interprofessional simulation experiences.[ citation needed ]

Traditions

Lake Superior State University has a variety of traditions.

Athletics

Left-Seamore the Sea Duck Right- Foghorn the sailor as of October 31, 2011 Lake Superior State University Mascots.jpg
Left-Seamore the Sea Duck Right- Foghorn the sailor as of October 31, 2011

The school's official nickname is the Lakers, but in some instances the athletic teams are called the Soo Lakers in reference to the institution's hometown. Prior to becoming known as the Lakers, sports teams were known as the Hornets. The most prominent sport at LSSU is men's ice hockey, which is the school's only NCAA Division I program. The men's ice hockey team is a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, being one of seven teams that left the Western Collegiate Hockey Association after the 2020–21 season to reestablish the CCHA. Other sports at LSSU play at a Division II level in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, of which LSSU is a charter member. At $1284 per student, in 2015 the student subsidy for athletics at LSSU was the highest among all Michigan's public universities (this compares to $14 at MSU and $6 at U-M).(24)

Notable alumni

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Michigan University</span> Public university in Marquette, Michigan, US

Northern Michigan University is a public university in Marquette, Michigan. It was established in 1899 by the Michigan Legislature as Northern State Normal School. In 1963, the state designated Northern a university and gave the school its current name of Northern Michigan University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michigan Technological University</span> Public university in Houghton, Michigan, U.S.

Michigan Technological University is a public research university in Houghton, Michigan, founded in 1885 as the Michigan Mining School, the first post-secondary institution in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan</span> City in Michigan, United States

Sault Ste. Marie is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Chippewa County and is the only city within the county. With a population of 13,337 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most populated city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette. It is the primary city of the Sault Ste. Marie, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Chippewa County and had a population of 36,785 at the 2020 census. Sault Ste. Marie was settled by mostly French colonists in 1668, making it the oldest city in Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Michigan University</span> Public university in Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.

Western Michigan University is a public research university in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. It was initially established as Western State Normal School in 1903 by Governor Aaron T. Bliss for the training of teachers. It was renamed Western Michigan University in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferris State University</span> Public university in Big Rapids, Michigan, U.S.

Ferris State University is a public university with its main campus in Big Rapids, Michigan. It was founded in 1884 as Big Rapids Industrial School by Woodbridge N. Ferris and became a public institution in 1950. The university also has a satellite campus in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayne State University</span> Public university in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.

Wayne State University is a public research university in Detroit, Michigan. It is Michigan's third-largest university. Founded in 1868, Wayne State consists of 13 schools and colleges offering approximately 350 programs to nearly 24,000 graduate and undergraduate students. Wayne State University, along with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University, compose the University Research Corridor of Michigan. Wayne State is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Wisconsin–Superior</span> Public university in Superior, Wisconsin, US

The University of Wisconsin–Superior is a public liberal arts university in Superior, Wisconsin. UW–Superior grants associate, bachelor's, master's and specialist's degrees. The university enrolls 2,559 undergraduates and 364 graduate students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saginaw Valley State University</span> Public university in University Center, Michigan

Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU) is a public university in University Center, Michigan in Saginaw County. It was founded in 1963 as Saginaw Valley College. It is located on 748 acres (303 ha) in Saginaw County's Kochville Township, approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of downtown Saginaw.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Florida Gulf Coast University</span> Public university in Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.

Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) is a public university in Lee County, Florida near Fort Myers. It is part of the State University System of Florida and is its second youngest member. The university was established on May 3, 1991, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). It offers 58 bachelor's degree programs, 25 master's degree programs, 6 doctoral degree programs, and 12 graduate certificates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trine University</span> Private university in Angola, Indiana, U.S.

Trine University is a private university in Angola, Indiana, and Fort Wayne, Indiana, with education centers in Detroit, Phoenix and Reston, Virginia. It was founded in 1884 and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Clarence "Taffy" Abel Arena is a 4,000-seat hockey arena in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan on the campus of Lake Superior State University. It is home to the Lake Superior State Lakers men's ice hockey team of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association. The arena is part of the Norris Center student athletic complex, which was built in 1976 and includes the 2,500-seat Cooper Gymnasium and other sports facilities for the school. The arena itself dates back to 1976; it was renovated and remodeled to its current larger form in the summer of 1995 following the Lakers' run of three national championships and eight straight NCAA tournament appearances, which continued into the first year of the arena. It was named after American ice hockey player Clarence "Taffy" Abel, who was born in Sault Ste. Marie. It was the only on-campus hockey arena in the United States which has a seating capacity greater than the enrollment of the school for which it is used, until the completion of Colorado College's Ed Robson Arena in 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WLSO</span> Radio station in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Laker Radio is an internet radio station in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States. Broadcasting a college radio format, The 46th Parallel Radio is the campus radio station of the city's Lake Superior State University, and also provides mobile DJ services for on-campus and Sault Ste. Marie events. From 1993 to 2017, the station broadcast at 90.1 on the FM dial with the call sign WLSO, before becoming solely an internet radio station during the 2016–2017 school year.

Rick Comley is a former collegiate ice hockey player and former head coach at Michigan State University. He finished his 38-year coaching career with a 783–615–110 (.556) record. In 2007, he became the third coach in NCAA history to win a national championship at two different schools. Comley is currently serving in his second stint as the athletic director at Northern Michigan University, hired in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Utica University</span> Private university in Utica, New York, United States

Utica University is a private university in Utica, New York. The university has a main campus in Utica, as well as the Robert Brvenik Center for Business Education in Downtown Utica, and satellite locations in Syracuse, New York, Latham, New York, and St. Petersburg, Florida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Superior State Lakers men's ice hockey</span> Mens ice hockey team

The Lake Superior State Lakers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Lake Superior State University. The Lakers are a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). They play at the Taffy Abel Arena in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fort Brady</span> United States historic place

Fort Brady was a frontier fort established in Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan to guard against British incursions from Canada. The original location of the fort, known as Old Fort Brady, was along the Saint Mary's River. Fort Brady was located at this site from 1822 until 1893, when it was moved to a new location on higher ground, known as New Fort Brady. The fort was located at the new site from 1893 until its close in 1944. The site of Old Fort Brady was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971; New Fort Brady was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1970 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Mark Vichorek is an American retired professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 12th round of the 1982 NHL Entry Draft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Superior State Lakers</span> Intercollegiate sports teams of Lake Superior State University

The Lake Superior State Lakers are the athletic teams that represent the Lake Superior State University, located in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions. The Lakers compete as members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference for 12 of 13 varsity sports, with the men's hockey team playing in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association. The Lakers have been members of the GLIAC since 1972.

The 1991–92 Lake Superior State Lakers men's ice hockey team represented the Lake Superior State University in college ice hockey. In its 2nd year under head coach Jeff Jackson the team compiled a 30–9–4 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the sixth time. The Lakers defeated Wisconsin 5–3 to win the championship game at the Knickerbocker Arena in Albany, New York.

Michael Smith is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenseman who was an All-American for Lake Superior State.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Lake Superior State University :: About LSSU :: Fast Facts about LSSU
  2. "USNews.com: America's Best Colleges 2011: Lake Superior State University: At a glance". Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 "Presidents Council State Universities of Michigan Enrollment Report Fall 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  4. Lake Superior State University Graphics Standard and Editorial Style Guide (PDF). April 1, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  5. "New Laker Mascots Make Their Debut: Lake Superior State University Press Release". Archived from the original on November 8, 2003. Retrieved July 17, 2006.
  6. Links to Community Colleges
  7. Lake Superior State University :: Admissions :: LSSU History Archived 2006-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Lake Superior State University". nces.ed.gov. U.S. Dept of Education. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  9. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  10. State of Michigan (2009). "New Fort Brady". Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
  11. Unknown; Lake Superior State College (1974–1975). "Brown Hall". Lake Superior State College: Almanac: 11.
  12. Meehan, Mary Jo. "Personal Interview".{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  13. unknown (February 14, 1969). "Lake Superior State College Counseling Center Internationally Known". The Evening News.
  14. "Special Collections". Kenneth J. Shouldice Library. Archived from the original on June 19, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  15. "LSSU Common Data Set 2021-2022". LSSU Institutional Research. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  16. "LSSU Common Data Set 2020-2021" (PDF). LSSU Institutional Research. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  17. "LSSU Common Data Set 2019-2020" (PDF). LSSU Institutional Research. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  18. "LSSU Common Data Set 2018-2019" (PDF). LSSU Institutional Research. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  19. "LSSU Common Data Set 2017-2018" (PDF). LSSU Institutional Research. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  20. "LSSU Common Data Set 2016-2017" (PDF). LSSU Institutional Research. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  21. "Lake Superior State University". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  22. "Lake Superior State University :: Aquatic Research Laboratory ::". Archived from the original on June 7, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  23. "Lake Superior State University :: Environmental Analysis Laboratory :: List of Services/Costs". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  24. Lake Superior State University :: Product Development Center :: PDC Home
  25. Lake Superior State University :: School of Engineering & Technology :: Robotics & Automation at LSSU
  26. Lake Superior State University :: Banished Words List :: Welcome
  27. 1 2 Traditions - Lake Superior State University Lakers
  28. "Lake Superior State University :: Snowman Burning". Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved July 17, 2006.
  29. Archived November 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  30. "Lake Superior State University :: Banished Words List :: About". Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved July 17, 2006.
  31. McWhirter, Nickie. "Unicorn Hunters saddle up to quest for the uselesss". Evening News.