| Lasiommata maera | |
|---|---|
 | |
| male | |
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Lasiommata |
| Species: | L. maera |
| Binomial name | |
| Lasiommata maera | |
Lasiommata maera, the large wall brown, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
The species is common in continental Europe. It is also present in the Urals, south western Siberia, Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, Central Asia and the Himalayas. [1] It is absent from the United Kingdom. [2] Its preferred habitats are edges of the forest, unmanaged clearings on forested areas, rocky dry areas and stony slopes, at an elevation of 0–2,000 metres (0–6,562 ft) above sea level.
Lasiommata maera has a wingspan of 44–56 millimetres (1.7–2.2 in). [3] These large butterflies are quite variable in color and pattern. Usually the upperside is orange in the forewings and mostly brown in the hindwings. The forewings always show a single ocellus, while the hindwings bear two or three ocelli. The underside of the forewings is orange and the underside of the hindwings is marbled with gray brown. [4] This species is quite similar to Lasiommata megera , that is smaller and has paler yellow-orange forewings. [5] Seitz P. maera L. (= adrasta Dup.) (45 d). On an average larger than hiera , more evenly coloured, the black markings of the ground less prominent in the nymotypical form with a sooty brown disc; the forewing of the male more pointed, with longer costal margin and more oblique distal margin; on the underside of the forewing the distal band extends without interruption across the median veins to the hindmargin. The underside of the hindwing has a much purer ground-colour, i. e. there are less clouds and shadows between the various dentate lines which cross the disc. The apical ocellus has a stronger tendency towardsduplication being usually somewhat distorted obliquely and — at least beneath — bearing two pupils. Between this ocellus and the apex there is nearly always a minute eye-dot, there occurring also often specimens with other accessory ocelli . Moreover, the ocelli of the hindwing are as a rule somewhat larger than in the same sex of hiera — A very large material proves that it is hardly possible to find definite trenchant distinctions , especially if one takes into account the large number of local forms of maera, all the various kinds of pattern and coloration exhibiting a great variability. [6]
The larva eats full-grown grasses, such as Poa annua , Poa bulbosa , Poa pratensis , Festuca ovina , Festuca rubra , Festuca pratensis , Glyceria fluitans , Calamagrostis epigejos , Calamagrostis arundinacea , Calamagrostis varia , Deschampsia flexuosa , Agrostis capillaris , Nardus stricta , Dactylis , Lolium and Hordeum species. [1]
This species has two broods in the northern countries, a single brood in the south. Adults fly from April to September. [5] These butterflies are avid fliers and they are seldom seen in flight in strong wind.
The meadow brown is a butterfly found in the Palearctic realm. Its range includes Europe south of 62°N, Russia eastwards to the Urals, Asia Minor, Iraq, Iran, North Africa and the Canary Islands. The larvae feed on grasses.
Lasiommata megera, the wall or wall brown, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is widespread in the Palearctic realm with a large variety of habitats and number of generations a year.
Erebia epistygne, the spring ringlet, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in France and Spain. Its natural habitat is temperate grassland.
Lasiommata schakra, the common wall, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in South Asia.
The Piedmont ringlet is a member of the family Nymphalidae. It is an Alpine butterfly.
The bright eyed ringlet is a member of the Satyridae subfamily of Nymphalidae. It is a high mountain butterfly found in the Pyrenees, Massif Central, Alps and Balkan mountains. It has recently been confirmed to occur in the southern chain of the Carpathians.
The silky ringlet is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. It is a high-altitude butterfly found on screes in the Alps, Pyrenees, central Italy and the Balkans. It is a very variable butterfly.
The marbled ringlet is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae.
The black ringlet is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. It is a high-altitude butterfly found in Albania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania.
The sooty ringlet is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It is a high-altitude butterfly found in the Alps and Apennine Mountains on heights between 1,900 and 3,000 meters in Austria, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy and Slovenia.
The water ringlet is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It is a high altitude butterfly found in the Alps, Bavaria, Styria, Pyrenees, Carpathians and Bulgaria.
Coenonympha hero, the scarce heath, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae.
Lasiommata petropolitana, the northern wall brown, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found in large parts of Europe, from the Pyrenees and Alps up to Scandinavia and Finland, east to Russia and Siberia.
Chazara briseis, the hermit, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It can be found in North Africa, southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia through Afghanistan, and north-western China and Tuva. It is found on steppe and in other dry grassy places between 500 and 2,500 meters.
Erebia pandrose, the dewy ringlet, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from the Arctic areas of northern Europe, the Pyrenees, Alps, the Apennine Mountains, the Carpathian Mountains, Kola Peninsula and Kanin Peninsula, part of the Ural and the Altai and Sayan Mountains up to Mongolia.
Erebia melampus, the lesser mountain ringlet, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae.
Arethusana is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae of the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). It is composed of only one species, Arethusana arethusa, the false grayling.
Boeberia is a genus of satyrine butterflies containing a single species Boeberia parmenio found in the Altai mountains South Siberia, Mongolia, Yakutia, Amur and North east China.
Erebia dabanensis is a small butterfly found in the East Palearctic that belongs to the browns family.
Proterebia afra is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic that belongs to the browns family.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
