Latia

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Latia
Latia neritoides 3045869.jpg
Latia neritoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
(unranked):
Superfamily:
Family:
Latiidae

Hutton, 1882 [1]
Genus:
Latia

Diversity [3] [4]
one or three extant species,

one fossil species

Synonyms

PelexGould, 1852

Latia is a genus of very small, air-breathing freshwater snails or limpets, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Chilinoidea. [5]

Contents

Latia is the only genus in the family Latiidae.

Species in this genus are the only freshwater bioluminescent molluscs in the world. [6]

Taxonomy

The family Latiidae has been classified within the superfamily Chilinoidea, itself belonging to the clade Hygrophila within the informal group Basommatophora in the informal group Pulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [5]

There are no subfamilies in the family Latiidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [5]

Latia is the only genus in the family Latiidae, in other words Latiidae is a monotypic family and Latia is the type genus of the family Latiidae. This genus was previously placed instead in a larger family of freshwater limpets, the Ancylidae.

Distribution

This genus is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand.

Habitat

This genus lives in clean running streams and rivers. [7]

Shell description

Shell is ancyliform, with the apex marginal, and situated at the left posterior side, incurved, small. [8]

Aperture is very large, oval. The margin of the aperture is thin and sharp; posteriorly with a narrow, thin, concave lamina, its right edge bent down and free, forming a thin and sharp-edged vertical lamella. [8]

Anatomy

This genus is remarkable by the absence of a jaw. [8]

Animal has eyes at the outer bases of the tentacles. The foot is elongated oval. The pulmonary cavity, its opening on the right side. Visceral commissure is long. There is no jaw. Central tooth of radula is bicuspidate, laterals are unicuspidate and marginals are tricuspidate. [8]

Life habits

These freshwater limpets are capable of secreting a bioluminescent substance when disturbed. [6] Theories vary as to the purpose of the bioluminescence, but indicate it is a defence mechanism. One theory is that when disturbed by a predator, Latia release the bioluminescent slime, and the predator chases the light rather than the snail. Another theory is that the slime will attach to the predator causing confusion and alarm, or indeed, making the predator vulnerable and visible to other nocturnal predators. [9] [10] As the Latia release the slime when feeling threatened, it is conceivable Latia could be used as a monitor for illegal pollution dumping [10] or other water quality issues.

Species

Species in the genus Latia include:

Notes

  1. Gray's paper was read on 11 December 1949, and presumably not published until 1850 notwithstanding the date of the journal.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heterobranchia</span> Clade of gastropods

Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulmonata</span> Informal group of gastropods

Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basommatophora</span> Informal group of gastropods

Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda, whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" was used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Systellommatophora</span> Clade of gastropods

The Systellommatophora is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neritidae</span> Family of gastropods

Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acroloxidae</span> Family of gastropods

Acroloxidae, commonly known as river limpets, are a taxonomic family of very small, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod limpet-like mollusks with a simple flattened conical shell in the clade Hygrophila.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patellidae</span> Family of gastropods

Patellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda.

<i>Latia neritoides</i> Species of gastropod

Latia neritoides is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Latiidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calyptraeidae</span> Family of gastropods

The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melanopsidae</span> Family of gastropods

Melanopsidae, common name melanopsids, is a family of freshwater gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha. Species in this family are native to southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, parts of the Middle East, New Zealand, and freshwater streams of some large South Pacific islands.

Latia climoi is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Latiidae. It is the holotype of its genus.

Latia lateralis is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Latiidae.

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs. The full name of the work in which this taxonomy was published is Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hygrophila (gastropod)</span> Clade of molluscs

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<i>Chilina</i> Genus of gastropods

Chilina is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Chilinoidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Bathans fauna</span> Fossil deposit from the Early Miocene period in Central Otago, New Zealand

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Laevapex is a genus of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpets, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

<i>Charopa</i> Genus of gastropods

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References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [8]

  1. Hutton F. W. (1882). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 14: 156.
  2. Gray, J. E., Esq. (1849). "Description of a new Genus and Several New Species of Terrestrial, Fluviatile and Marine Molluscous Animals Inhabiting New Zealand". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 17: 164 at 168.
  3. Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl: 10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
  4. 1 2 Marshall B. A. (2011). "A new species of Latia Gray, 1850 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygrophila: Chilinoidea: Latiidae) from Miocene Palaeo-lake Manuherikia, southern New Zealand, and biogeographic implications". Molluscan Research 31(1): 47-52. abstract.
  5. 1 2 3 Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
  6. 1 2 BERNARD J. BOWDEN (1950). SOME OBSERVATIONS ON A LUMINESCENT FRESHWATER LIMPET FROM NEW ZEALAND Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine . Biol Bull99: 373-380.
  7. Powell A. W. B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, ISBN   0-00-216906-1.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Suter H. (1913). Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington. pages 615-616.
  9. "Underwater Life - Macroinvertibrates - More Information". (Formerly Waitakere City Council) Auckland City Council. 2011. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  10. 1 2 "School Water Monitoring Project - Latia - the brightest freshwater invertebrate in the world". National Waterways Project - The Royal Society of New Zealand. October 3, 2006. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2012.