Laura J. Crossey

Last updated

Laura J. Crossey
Laura Crossey Grand Canyon Trail of Time Dedication.jpg
Education
Scientific career
Institutions University of New Mexico
Doctoral advisor Ronald C. Surdam

Laura J. Crossey is an American hydrologist and geochemist and Distinguished Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of New Mexico (UNM). Crossey is part of UNM's Sustainable Water Resources Grand Challenge team, which studies water and climate in New Mexico and other arid regions. She has studied springs and groundwater in areas including the Western Desert of Egypt, Australia's Great Artesian Basin, Tibet, [1] the Middle Rio Grande Basin [2] and the Grand Canyon. [1] [3] [4]

Contents

Early life and education

Laura Jones Crossey [5] grew up in Deerfield, Illinois. [6] She attended Colorado College, earning her BA in geology in 1977. She completed a master's in science at Washington University in St. Louis in 1979, working on trace elements in basalts as part of the Terrestrial Basaltic Volcanism project with Larry Haskin. She earned her PhD degree in geology in 1985 at the University of Wyoming, [7] working with Ronald C. Surdam. Crossey's dissertation addressed The Origin and Role of Water-soluble Organic Compounds in Clastic Diagenetic Systems. [3] [1]

Career

Crossey joined the Earth and Planetary Sciences department at the University of New Mexico (UNM) in 1985. She was the second woman to be hired by the department, the first woman to become tenured in the department, and the first female chair of the department (2013–2016). [1] She has served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (1997–2000) at UNM and as Acting Associate Dean for Research at UNM (2017–2018). [8] As Dean of Research, she helped to arrange a climate-controlled home for the paleontology collection, then housed in Northrop Hall, later the Natural History Science Center. [9] As of 2021, Crossey was named a Distinguished Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of New Mexico. [1]

Crossey is active in science education and outreach at all levels and works to increase science participation by members of under-represented groups. [7] Crossey has been involved with numerous scholarly and professional organizations, [6] including the New Mexico Governor's committee to develop Science Standards, [10] the Global Water Institute at Ohio State University, the state-wide New Mexico Alliance for Minority Participation, and the international Association for Women Geoscientists. [3] [11]

Research

Travertine formations in Havasu Creek, Grand Canyon National Park National Park Service (48754079298).jpg
Travertine formations in Havasu Creek, Grand Canyon National Park
External videos
Hidden Waters - Grand Canyon in Depth Video Series - Episode 2 (14617492429).jpg
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg “Hidden Waters – Grand Canyon In Depth Episode 02”, with Cynthia Valle, Larry Stevens and Laura J. Crossey, July 23, 2014
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Dr Laura Crossey intro and Vaseys Paradise, July 31, 2014
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg The Shape of Water, Birdsall-Dreiss Distinguished Lecture, 2019
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg The origins and future of the Grand Canyon, with Laura Crossey, Karl Karlstrom, Crystal Tulley-Cordova, June 29, 2022

Crossey studies hydrology and low-temperature geochemistry with applications to hydrochemistry, paleohydrology, diagenesis, geothermal systems, geomicrobiology, microbial ecology, [7] and planetary geology. [3] She carries out field studies and laboratory analysis of water, sediments, geomicrobial materials and gases, and examines core samples and surface features of geological formations. [7] Combining hydrology and geochemistry, she studies groundwater, [12] aquifers, [7] formation of travertines and springs, [13] water quality and sustainability of water resources. [12] Her publications address topics such as continental smokers, [7] sediment burial, [14] groundwater sapping, [15] aquatic nutrient cycling, microbial diversity in springs, sandstone cementation, mantle degassing and planetary impact events. [2]

One of Crossey's areas of study is the formation of travertines and springs. [13] As water from rain or snowmelt travels through the geological structures of the Grand Canyon, calcite from the Canyon's limestone layers dissolves into it. When the water emerges at springs or is agitated, as happens at rapids and waterfalls in the Havasu Creek, the calcite precipitates out of the water and forms new travertine rock. Formation of travertine is further mediated by bacteria. Crossey has determined that travertine formation is more likely to occur when meteoric groundwater from rain or snowmelt mixes with deeper groundwater that rises from the Earth's mantle. [13]

Crossey has spent years studying the relationships between geology and hydrology in the Grand Canyon region, identifying hydrologic boundaries and tracking the flow of groundwater between its aquifers. [16] [17] She models the movement, mixing, and quality of water through the region [18] [19] and has raised concerns about the many demands on the canyon's water supply. [20] [21]

Crossey also investigates the age of the Grand Canyon, through studies of its rock layers and their composition. Thermal histories of apatite rock samples suggest that the Colorado River is made up of multiple segments that were formed at different times, the youngest of them around six million years ago. [22] [23] The study and dating of fossils has led the researchers to redefine the Tonto Group formation to include the Sixtymile Formation. This work suggests a younger age for the Tonto Group than previously thought, possibly 508 to 497 million years, and a recalibration of the Cambrian timescale. Key extinctions during the Cambrian period may have occurred more quickly than previously believed. [24]

As a result of her research on the Grand Canyon Crossey has worked with Grand Canyon National Park to educate the general public about geoscience and the groundwater systems of the region. [3] The Trail of Time: A Geoscience Exhibition at Grand Canyon National Park was first proposed in 1995 and completed in 2010 in a collaboration between Grand Canyon National Park, the National Science Foundation, Arizona State University and the University of New Mexico. Crossey and Karl Karlstrom were principal investigators on the project. They created an interpretive walking trail and geological timeline located on the south rim of Grand Canyon. In 2011 the exhibition was awarded the First Place Award for Wayside Exhibits by the National Association for Interpretation. [25] [26]

Crossey does interdisciplinary research with the Center for Water and the Environment (CWE) to address issues of water scarcity and sustainability. [1] The center is funded by the National Science Foundation. [27]

Crossey has carried out water geochemical analyses of water samples from hot springs in Tibet in collaboration with scientists from the national Chinese Academy of Sciences, Stanford University, and Ohio State University. Over nearly a decade, scientists traveled thousands of kilometers to sample 225 hot springs, some boiling. The location and chemical composition of water in the hot springs has helped scientists to map the subsurface boundary, where the Indian and Asian continental plates collide to form the Himalayan Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau. By measuring mantle-derived helium (3He) scientists were able to detect a 1,000 kilometer long boundary extending east–west from longitude 80 to 92 along the Indus-Yarlung suture zone in southern Tibet. To the south, on the Himalayan side, the Indian and Asian plates lie on top of each other in a thick layer that blocks the diffusion of mantle-derived helium. To the north, mantle-derived helium was detected in springs, indicating that there the Indian plate is subducting, or dropping away, from the Asian plate. Towards the eastern end, results suggest that the collision process is tearing up the Indian plate. This research may resolve contradicting theories and lead to a better understanding of how tectonic plates collide. [28] [29]

Crossey also works with the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico. [1] She helped to develop the Chemistry and Camera tool (ChemCam), which gathered data about rocks and soils for the Mars rover Curiosity . [3] Based on data from Curiosity, she is studying the interactions of boron and ribose with groundwater, trying to mimic the composition of the boron-enriched clay sampled by Curiosity. [30]

Awards and honors

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karst</span> Topography from dissolved soluble rocks

Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some evidence that karst may occur in more weathering-resistant rocks such as quartzite given the right conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Canyon</span> Steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States

The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Travertine</span> Form of limestone deposited by mineral springs

Travertine is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems. It is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material. Similar deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Groundwater</span> Water located beneath the ground surface

Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table. Groundwater is recharged from the surface; it may discharge from the surface naturally at springs and seeps, and can form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal, and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, also called groundwater hydrology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anticline</span> In geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape

In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that dip away from the hinge. Anticlines can be recognized and differentiated from antiforms by a sequence of rock layers that become progressively older toward the center of the fold. Therefore, if age relationships between various rock strata are unknown, the term antiform should be used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Unconformity</span> Gap in geological strata

Of the many unconformities (gaps) observed in geological strata, the term Great Unconformity is frequently applied to either the unconformity observed by James Hutton in 1787 at Siccar Point in Scotland, or that observed by John Wesley Powell in the Grand Canyon in 1869. Both instances are exceptional examples of where the contacts between sedimentary strata and either sedimentary or crystalline strata of greatly different ages, origins, and structure represent periods of geologic time sufficiently long to raise great mountains and then erode them away.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earth science</span> Fields of natural science related to Earth

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bright Angel Shale</span> Cambrian geologic formation found in the Southwestern United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sixtymile Formation</span> Cambrian geologic formation found in Grand Canyon, Arizona

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Aspen anomaly is a geological structure in Colorado, United States. It consists of a low-seismic velocity anomaly in the mantle which underpins the highest sector of the Rocky Mountains.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hobart, Rebecca (October 24, 2021). "UNM's Laura Crossey promoted to distinguished professor". New Mexico Daily Lobo. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Laura Crossey". New Mexico EPSCoR Program. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Torres, Jeanette. "Meet the Researcher, Laura Crossey, Distinguished Professor, The University of New Mexico". New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  4. ↑ "About Laura J. Crossey". Laura J. Crossey. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  5. ↑ "Grand Canyon Geology (part 2) with professor Dr. Laura Jones Crossey". ACAST. July 27, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 "AIPG Honors and Awards Program" (PDF). The Professional Geologist. 52 (4): 14–15. September 23, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "About 2019 Lecture – Hydrogeology Division". GSA Hydrogeology Division, Geological Society of America. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Laura J Crossey". The IAGD. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  9. ↑ Kappel, Breanna (May 24, 2022). "UNM poised to become an epicenter for fossil collection with opening of Natural History Science Center". UNM Newsroom. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  10. 1 2 "Laura Crossey Honored for Promoting Women in Science and Technology" (PDF). New Mexico Network for Women in Science and Engineering. October 22, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  11. ↑ "Advisory Board Members". New Mexico State University. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  12. 1 2 Walker, Helene (August 26, 2018). "STEM Shoutout: Dr. Laura Crossey". Advance UNM. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 Cook, Terri; Abbott, Lon (May 30, 2018). "Travels in Geology: Havasu Canyon: Land of blue-green water". www.earthmagazine.org. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  14. ↑ Fontbote, Lluis; Boni, Maria (March 9, 2013). Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN   978-3-662-03054-7 . Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  15. ↑ Karlstrom, Karl E.; Wilgus, Justin; Thacker, Jacob O.; Schmandt, Brandon; Coblentz, David; Albonico, Micael (May 31, 2022). "Tectonics of the Colorado Plateau and Its Margins". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 50 (1): 295–322. Bibcode:2022AREPS..50..295K. doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-111432 . ISSN   0084-6597. S2CID   246670606.
  16. ↑ Inkenbrandt, Paul (2013). Regional groundwater flow and water quality in the Virgin River basin and surrounding areas, Utah and Arizona (PDF). Salt Lake City, Utah: Natural Resources Map & Bookstore. ISBN   978-1-55791-883-3.
  17. ↑ Beisner, Kimberly R.; Solder, John E.; Tillman, Fred D.; Anderson, Jessica R.; Antweiler, Ronald C. (August 1, 2020). "Geochemical characterization of groundwater evolution south of Grand Canyon, Arizona (USA)". Hydrogeology Journal. 28 (5): 1615–1633. Bibcode:2020HydJ...28.1615B. doi: 10.1007/s10040-020-02192-0 . S2CID   219730718.
  18. ↑ Crossey, Laura J.; Fischer, Tobias P.; Patchett, P. Jonathan; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Hilton, David R.; Newell, Dennis L.; Huntoon, Peter; Reynolds, Amanda C.; de Leeuw, Goverdina A.M. (2006). "Dissected hydrologic system at the Grand Canyon: Interaction between deeply derived fluids and plateau aquifer waters in modern springs and travertine". Geology. 34 (1): 25. Bibcode:2006Geo....34...25C. doi:10.1130/G22057.1.
  19. ↑ Solder, John E.; Beisner, Kimberly R.; Anderson, Jessica; Bills, Don J. (August 1, 2020). "Rethinking groundwater flow on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, USA: characterizing recharge sources and flow paths with environmental tracers". Hydrogeology Journal. 28 (5): 1593–1613. Bibcode:2020HydJ...28.1593S. doi: 10.1007/s10040-020-02193-z . ISSN   1435-0157. S2CID   220260022.
  20. ↑ Witze, Alexandra (February 26, 2019). "A deeper understanding of the Grand Canyon". Knowable Magazine. doi: 10.1146/knowable-022619-1 . S2CID   134817922 . Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  21. ↑ Hamers, Laurel (November 21, 2014). "A Gurgle Beneath the Roar: The Grand Canyon's Hidden Water" . Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  22. ↑ Carr, Steve (January 28, 2014). "New research suggests Grand Canyon is 'younger' rather than 'older'". UNM Newsroom. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  23. ↑ Carr, Steve (May 31, 2018). "UNM researchers help redefine Grand Canyon's rock layers". UNM Newsroom. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  24. ↑ Carr, Steve (May 1, 2020). "Geologists refine the timing of the Cambrian explosion and trilobite evolution in Grand Canyon". UNM Newsroom. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  25. 1 2 "Trail of Time at Grand Canyon National Park" (PDF). Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  26. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award # 0610393 – Collaborative Research: The Trail of Time: A Geoscience Exhibition at Grand Canyon National Park". National Science Foundation. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  27. ↑ "NSF Award Search: Award # 1914490 – CREST Center for Water and the Environment, Phase II". National Science Foundation. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  28. ↑ Carr, Steve (March 31, 2022). "UNM continental-scale helium study probes the deep structure of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan plate collision". UNM Newsroom. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  29. ↑ Stanford University (March 14, 2022). "Hot springs reveal where continental plates collide beneath Tibet". ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  30. ↑ Rogers, Natalie (April 30, 2019). "Boron on Mars and the building blocks of life". UNM Newsroom. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  31. ↑ "UNM Earth and Planetary Science professor named AAAS fellow". Advance at UNM. January 7, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  32. ↑ "Past National Award Recipients". American Institute of Professional Geologists. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  33. ↑ "Alumni News (or where they are now)" (PDF). Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Newsletter. Washington University in St. Louis. 2016. p. 10. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  34. ↑ "GSA Fellowship – Hydrogeology Division". Geological Society of America. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
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