This article is about the modern completely reserved track/underground tram system in Lausanne. For the city's historic street running tram system, see Trams in Lausanne.
Lausanne Modern Tram
Lausanne tram is standing at Rennes terminus, adjacent to suburban rail station.
Lausanne Modern Tram is the only second generation tram system in Switzerland. This tram system uses traditional overhead wire system, but runs entirely on reserved track, including partly underground and elevated section.
Lausanne once had a standard steel wheeled tramway net work.. Routes were built step by step, and it reached their most widespread network in 1933 with 66.2 Km of total network. But like most cities around the world during the fifties to seventies, the tram service was completely stopped in 1964.
Lausanne is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud. The city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva. It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura Mountains to its north-west. Lausanne is located 62 kilometres northeast of Geneva.
Tram returned in Lausanne in 1991.and began revenue service on 2 June 1991, which is now incorrectly thought as metro[disambiguation needed], and branded as M1. In 2001, for marketing and public communication reasons, this line was renamed the M1 line by its operator TSOL. Beside this, another completely untouched tram route is planned, which is planned to open in 2023.
Metro, short for metropolitan, may refer to:
History
After closing tram network in '60, people of Lausanne thought the only unfashioned obstacle of smooth city traveling has removed, and the city can move faster than before, but it proved false some years later. Uncontrolled increasing of petrol vehicles like bus, taxicab, and private car started chocking the streets of Lausanne. Where other big cities of Switzerland like Basel, Bern, Geneve, Zurich etc. maintained tram, and modernised which caused improvement of city transport, Lausanne suffered by many problems of developing countries, including pollution, traffic jam, increasing of population etc. Increasing population started increasing urbanization of Lausanne, and it started increasing motor vehicles, which started increasing air & sound pollution, traffic jam & smog. From starting '70, all this problems started and at mid '80, inhabitants of Lausanne realized that non-controlling of motor vehicles & closure of tram was a great mistake. Although trolleybus is also a pollution free transportation, maintenance of that system was even higher than tram, because, it run on rubber tyre, which needs more frequently replacement of tyres. A funicular railway, which was later converted to a rack railway, was not sufficient for such a big city like Lausanne, and especially the western Lausanne had very insufficient mass transport. Trolleybus could not cope the crowd.
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-deck rigid bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are used for longer-distance services. Many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus do not charge a fare. In many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special licence above and beyond a regular driver's licence.
A taxicab, also known as a taxi or a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice. This differs from other modes of public transport where the pick-up and drop-off locations are determined by the service provider, not by the passenger, although demand responsive transport and share taxis provide a hybrid bus/taxi mode.
A motor vehicle, also known as motorized vehicle or automotive vehicle, is a self-propelled vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on rails and is used for the transportation of people or cargo.
Understanding the great mistake of former tram closure, government started to decrease pollution as soon as possible. Looking many cities around the world i.e. Tunis , Buenos Aires , Pyongyang, Istanbul, etc. authority planned to return trams in Lausanne. But then number of cars & buses had already increased very much in Downtown Lausanne, so opening a tramway system were not possible there. The transportation in western Lausanne was not sufficient. So transport authority decided to construct it in western side of the main city in 1991, which is now known as M1, which is a modern, high speed tram system.
Tunis is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as Grand Tunis, has some 2,700,000 inhabitants.
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast. "Buenos Aires" can be translated as "fair winds" or "good airs", but the former was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name "Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre". The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 15.6 million.
Pyongyang, P'yŏngyang or Pyeongyang, is the capital and largest city of North Korea. Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about 109 kilometres (68 mi) upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,288. The city was split from the South Pyongan province in 1946. It is administered as a directly-administered city with equal status to provinces, the same as special cities in South Korea, including Seoul.
December 1, 2011, Lausanne City, announced plans to open five lines in March 2012 to build "Hunnan modern streetcar project" plan, a total length of 65 km, in April 2013 trial run, June 2013 officially put into use . February 17, 2012, the project started construction, according to the revised timetable on the progress of the project groundbreaking ceremony, Lausanne new tram system will be test run in March 2013, the formal operation in June, a construction line Save of four, full-length was reduced to about 60 kilometres. tramways actual passenger test run on August 15, September 15 official ticketing operation.
The new system was chosen for west Lausanne, because it is a less congested area, and commuting between one place to another in that area has become a serious problem. Minding this point, the tram line was constructed entirely on reserved track, starting even underground at the beginning point, and continued around 1.5 Km,, it also includes an elevated section. Most of the line is single line with passing loops.
Past in a nutshell
1964- The last standard tram ran.
1991 - Commercial service was opened of 2nd generation tramway in 15th August.
Lausanne modern tram is standing in Lausanne-Flon underground terminus
To run the service, the line was equipped with a set of modern Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs), which run using electricity supplied via an overhead live wire and can be run singly or in multiple units,[5] with each formation needing a driver.
A multiple-unit train or simply multiple unit (MU) is a self-propelled train composed of one or more carriages joined together, which when coupled to another multiple unit can be controlled by a single driver, with multiple-unit train control.
There are a total of 18 of these original LRVs on the line, but after 20 years in service they were showing their age, and 2 were regularly out of use. Additionally, the line has been a victim of its own success, with 12.5 million passengers carried in 2012[5] and the line carrying the equivalent to the entire population of Yverdon-les-Bains every day.[6]
Yverdon-les-Bains is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. The population of Yverdon-les-Bains, as of December 2017, was 30,143.
In 2011, the Canton of Vaud gave 34 million Swiss Francs to enable the existing LRVs to have a mid-life refurbishment, and to permit the operator to commission MOB to build 5 brand-new LRVs. Previously, it was physically impossible for all trains to operate with a double formation, but the additional vehicles will enable the line to operate a full double-car service on all 10 peak-hour trains.[2] In order to accommodate the new trains, the depot at Ecublens has been enlarged and additional servicing facilities built.[5]
The first of the new LRVs was finished in July 2013 and was taken to the Ecublens depot in three distinct pieces: one half of the car body, the other half body, and the underframes and bogies. The operator was left to complete final assembly,[5] and the new car entered service in December 2013.[2] It is expected that the full fleet will be in service by 2015, permitting a 5-minute interval service of double-length trains.
All trams are high floor, fully air conditioned, can run high speed. Each tram has two cars, and in peak hours, two trams are often coupled for high capacity. It takes electricity via pantograph.
Features
The line, which is 7.8km (4.8mi) long,[1][2] links the centre of Lausanne, the Lausanne campus (UNIL and EPFL) and Renens. The line is generally single track. At most stations a passing loop is provided to allow trains to pass, and a dedicated platform is provided for each direction. Exceptions to this are Bassenges, UNIL-Sorge and Provence stations, where the line is still single track serving one bidirectional platform.
The entire Lausanne Modern tram network is hybrid type. It partly runs underground, partly runs on unreserved segregated track with raised rail with granite stones like mainline railway which is completely separated from other vehicles, and partly on elevated track.
The modern tram route is completely on raised rail track, including underground and elevated section. So it offers a smooth and high speed service, due to no disturbances of road traffic.
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Projects
During the 2000s a new project , this time a classic tramway running in the middle of a road, is projected between the same stations as those served by the present route M1, but along the Lausanne - Geneva line . It will be launched in 2023. That line is projected as T1. The line will connect the station of Lausanne-Flon to that of Renens to the west, then in a second time it will go to Villars-Sainte-Croix . The route will take 15 minutes from one terminus to another and will serve ten stations for 4.5 km , six additional stations will be added during Phase 2. It should carry, during its first year of service, 11 millions of travellers.
The return of the tramway to Lausanne , the old network having been abolished in 1964 , was done in 1991, but that time as a reserved track high speed tram way. For a traditional mixed traffic tramway was sketched in 2005 and then submitted to the Confederation in 2007 as part of the Agglomeration Project [7] and integrated into the Axes forts project, including railway lines. high-level service bus , of which the tram is the first phase [8]. The choice of the tramway was validated in 2008 [9]. The concession is awarded in 2011 for a period of 50 years with effect from 2012 , the confederation participates to the tune of 74 million Swiss francs [10].
The initial project plans to build a 4.5 km line between the station Lausanne-Flon and Renens but, a vote of the Grand Council in 2012 support its extension to Bussignyand Villars-Sainte-Croix [11]. The survey, carried out the same year, raised many oppositions and allowed to adapt the project, including the abandonment of the hypothesis of the underground terminus at Flon, which would have increased the project of 83 million. francs, the terminus will take place on the surface of Europe [12].
In March 2016 , the Federal Office of Transport agrees to the construction of the line, as well as part of the high-level service bus project and road improvements that will make up for the closure to the traffic on Rue de Genève and Grand-Pont , in particular the Vigie-Gonin ramp, the construction of which would require the razing of part of the "forest" of the Flon and which is the source of many disputes, the elected officials of the Green Party calling the project a ramp of " ecological aberration " [13]·[7]. In May following the elected officials of the city of Lausanne unblock the 20 million francs that the municipality will spend for the project, followed in June by the elected officials of the canton of the Grand Council who validate the investment of 453 million Francs of the State of Vaud [14]·[15].
A week later, the Grand Council voted a resolution to build the line of a treaty, instead of phaser with a first stretch to Renens then the second to Villars-Sainte-Croix , taking into account the many delays that takes the project because of the many oppositions[16].
In September 2016 the project remains stalled pending the decision of the federal administrative court because of opposition to the Vigie-Gonin ramp, especially ecologist elected officials[7].
The project will support the population growth of the western part of Lausanne, which, according to figures estimated in 2016, is expected to welcome 70,000 inhabitants and 40,000 additional jobs over the next 15 years, and to compensate for the saturation of the tram line M1.[17]. The construction of the tramway is expected to take four years, with planned delivery in September 2017 , by 2023 [8]·[18]·[19]. In September 2017 and in order to unblock the situation, a delegation of the Federal Administrative Court accompanied by a representative of the Federal Office of Transport went to Lausanne to discuss with the representatives of the city, the TL and the traders of Flon opposed to the tram, on the site of the Vigie-Gonin ramp; however, the date on which the administrative tribunal renders its decision remains unknown[20]. One of the main opponents of the project, the trader Guillaume "Toto" Morand, who threatens to launch a popular initiative if his appeal against the destruction of the Flon Forest, one of five remedies remaining in September 2017 of the 130 that were filed in total, is rejected [21]. The trustee of Lausanne Gregory Junod said that "three quarters are going to survive" , which denies "Toto" Morand who says it will be completely destroyed [21].
In February 2018, the Federal Administrative Court (TF) recognized the validity of the tramway project but retaliated the Vigie-Gonin ramp, partially recognizing the appeal lodged by Guillaume "Toto" Morand the previous year, which again blocks the project [22]. The cantonal authorities and the TLs welcome the decision of the court concerning the tram but will file an appeal on the ramp, the court based its opinion on the fact that according to them, the OFT is not competent on this subject and that "this road link does not sufficiently provide, from a material and spatial point of view, a necessary and close relationship with the railway operation to be the subject of a railway plan approval procedure"[22]. However, the project schedule takes into account a possible recourse to TF, the line should not be delayed again[22]. In March following, the deputies of the Grand Council of the canton of Vaud reject the petition asking for the classification of the forest of Flon, which would have prevented the construction of the ramp, the State Council Nuria Gorriteevoking a commissioning postponed in 2024 or 2025[23].
The TL got in May 2018 the authorization of the Federal Administrative Court (TF) to start work on the Renens station side by partially lifting the suspensive effect, which also disrupts the further restructuring of the Renens station and allows the start the execution studies on the avenue of 14-April .
4.5 km long as part of the first phase to Renens , the line which will carry the index T1 [8], will count ten stations and put the train station Renens 15 minutes from the station of Lausanne-Flon , for an estimated commercial speed of 20 km / h [17]. Phase 2 will add six more stations.
Planning
The route will be born in the Place de l'Europe , located above the Lausanne-Flon station . The line will then take the rue de Genève , along the Flon from the north and passing under the Chauderon Bridge to reach the Avenue de Morges , extended by the road from Renens to Prilly , where it will serve the Prilly-Malley stop and then the street from Lausanne to Renens . It will mark its terminus at the station Renens , in the square in front.
For the second phase, the line will go through rue du Terminus, extended by the Bussigny road, where it will first pass under the A1 motorway , which becomes the Renens road once entered Bussigny . The line will turn right to take a short stretch of the Crissier road then left to take the Bruyères road then the Sullens road where it will pass a second time under the same highway to reach the future terminus at the gates of Villars-Sainte -Croix , at the junction with the main road 9 .
The line will offer a frequency of one train every six minutes, for a capacity of 2,750 passengers per direction and per hour, expandable to 4000 in the long term[17]. Although no call for tenders has yet been issued, the visuals provided by the municipality suggest that the choice would be for a conventional tramway, rolling on rails[17].
The depot will be built on the plot located west of the current bus depot and headquarters of TL Perrelet[24]. This site, bought in 2015 by the canton of Vaud, was occupied by the brewer Heineken[25].
An annual attendance of 11 million passengers is expected at the commissioning of the line.
Criticism
The modern tram of Lausanne is very popular & useful for daily passengers & inhabitants of west Lausanne. It's great looking impresses very much about citizens. The line is especially busy with students travelling to the EPFL and UNIL University campuses. It is a great example that a modern tram network is completely alternation of a metro network where population density is lower, roads are wider.
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