| Lecidella | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lecidella elaeochroma | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Lecanoraceae |
| Genus: | Lecidella Körb. (1855) |
| Type species | |
| Lecidella viridans (Flot.) Körb. (1855) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Lecidella is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecanoraceae.
Lecidella was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855. [2] It was not widely used until more than a century later, when Hannes Hertel recognized it first as a subgenus of Lecidea , [3] and then a couple of year after as a distinct genus. [4]
A phylogenetic analysis of the genus using 11 species (mostly from China) found that Lecidella species fall into three major clades, which were proposed as three informal groups: Lecidella stigmatea group, L. elaeochroma group and L. enteroleucella group. [5]
Lecidella species have a thallus that is crustose, and biatorine , meaning that it resembles the genus Biatora –having a proper exciple, which is not coal-black ( carbonised , but coloured or blackening. It has eight-spored asci of the Lecidella type. The ascospores are simple and hyaline, while the conidia are curved and threadlike. [6]
Morphologically similar genera include Japewiella , Carbonea , and Tasmidella . [7]
Lecidella was estimated to contain about 80 species in a popular 2008 text, [8] a number that was used in a (2020) survey of fungal classification. [9] As of November 2024 [update] , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 40 species in the genus. [10]
The Lecanoraceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution.
Bacidia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846.
Rimularia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. Rimularia was circumscribed by Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1868.
Micarea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. The widely distributed genus contains 142 species and new species are described actively. Species in the genus are crustose lichens and their photobiont is a single-celled green alga.
Amandinea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Genetic studies indicates that the genus Amandinea and Buellia are the same, although this is not widely accepted.
Carbonea is a genus of fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. Most of the species grow on lichens. The genus is widespread, and contains 20 species. Carbonea was originally circumscribed as a subgenus of Lecidea in 1967 before it was promoted to generic status in 1983.
Pyrrhospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with Pyrrhospora quernea assigned as the type species.
Ramboldia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramboldiaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1994 by Gintaras Kantvilas and John Alan Elix. It was emended in 2008 by the inclusion of Pyrrhospora species containing the anthraquinone russulone in their apothecia and having a prosoplectenchymatous exciple. The family Ramboldiaceae was circumscribed in 2014 to contain the genus.
The Lecideaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecideales. It contains about 30 genera and roughly 250 species. A major distinguishing characteristic of the family is the lecanoroid form of the fruiting bodies: typically circular, dark, and without a thalline margin. Most species in the family are lichenised with green algae, although a few species, scattered amongst several genera, are lichenicolous—they live on other lichens. Lecideaceae lichens tend to grow on rocks, wood, and soil. Several Lecideaceae species accelerate the weathering of rock surfaces, a process known as pedogenesis, by extending their hyphae into cracks and expelling rock flakes. This contributes to significantly faster weathering rates in certain environments, impacts various materials from natural rocks to man-made Sekishu roof tiles, and involves key biomolecules identified for survival and biodeterioration, including compounds to withstand intense ultraviolet radiation.
Porpidia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. Porpidia species primarily inhabit siliceous rocks, pebbles, and stonework, with rare occurrences on bark, wood, and compacted soil. The thallus, or body of the lichen, varies in appearance from thick and crusty to barely visible. It may form a continuous layer or develop cracks resulting in a segmented, areolate structure. The colour of the thallus ranges from grey and white to orange.
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous, lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen.
Fuscidea is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Fuscideaceae. It has about 40 species. The genus was circumscribed in 1972 by lichenologists Volkmar Wirth and Antonín Vězda, with Fuscidea aggregatilis assigned as the type species.
Lepraria is a genus of leprose crustose lichens that grows on its substrate like patches of granular, caked up, mealy dust grains. Members of the genus are commonly called dust lichens. The main vegetative body (thallus) is made of patches of soredia. There are no known mechanisms for sexual reproduction, yet members of the genus continue to speciate. Some species can form marginal lobes and appear squamulose. Because of the morphological simplicity of the thallus and the absence of sexual structures, the composition of lichen products are important characters to distinguish between similar species in Lepraria.
André Aptroot is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
Megalaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It contains 44 species of crustose lichens, the majority of which grow on bark.
Schaereria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. Most Schaereria species are crustose lichens that live on rocks. Schaereria was first proposed by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855 and was later taken up by other lichenologists despite periods of disuse.
Hannes Hertel is a German lichenologist and taxonomist and was Director of the State Herbarium in Munich, Germany 1992–2004. His specialist areas are the fungi and lichens.