Lethrinus miniatus

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Lethrinus miniatus
Lethrinus miniatus JNC2161.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Lethrinidae
Genus: Lethrinus
Species:
L. miniatus
Binomial name
Lethrinus miniatus
Synonyms [2]
  • Sparus miniatus Forster, 1801
  • Lethrinella miniata (Forster, 1801)
  • Lethrinella miniatus (Forster, 1801)
  • Lethrinus chrysostomus Richardson, 1848
  • Lethrinus imperialis De Vis, 1884
  • Lethrinus amamianus Akazaki, 1962

Lethrinus miniatus, the trumpet emperor, redthroat emperor, sweetlip emperor, Sweetlip Swoose, island snapper, yellowmouth perch, yellowmouth snapper, lipper or nannygal, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found the eastern Indo-West Pacific region.

Contents

Taxonomy

Lethrinus miniatus was first formally described as Sparus miniatus in 1801 by the German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster with its ttype locality given as Tonga and New Caledonia. [3] In the past the most frequently used binomial for this taxon was Lethrinus chrysostomus and the binomial L. miniatus was thought to be a synonym of L. olivaceus but in 1991 John Ernest Randall and Alwynne Cooper Wheeler examined the iconotype of Sparus miniatus and found that it was clearly what was then commonly referred to as L. chrysostomus. [4] Some authors place the genus Lethrinus in the monotypic subfamily Lethrininae, with all the other genera of Lethrinidae placed in the Monotaxinae, however, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes. [5]

Etymology

Lethrinus miniatus has the specific name miniatus, meaning “bright red” or “scarlet”, an allusion to the reddish colour of the lips and/or vivid red colour sometimes visible between spines of the dorsal fin. [6]

Description

Lethrinus miniatus has a deep body with its standard length being between 2.4 and 2.8 times its depth. [7] The dorsal fin is supported by 10 spines and 9 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by3 spines and 8 soft rays. [2] The colour of the body varies from silver to light greyish-brown. The head shows a reddish hue and sometimes there are 8-9 darker vertical bars on the body. The base of the pectoral fin is bright red; the fins are pale to reddish in colour except that the spiny parts of the dorsal and anal fins are bright red. There is frequently a streak of red running from the snout to the upper operculum. They typically have reddish lips and usually the centre of each scale is dark. [8] This species has a maximum published total length of 90 cm (35 in), although 40 cm (16 in) is more typical. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Lethrinus miniatus is found in the Eastern Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. In Australia, this species ranges from Cape Freycinet in Western Australia north and east along the coasts as far as Sydney. [8] It is also found in the Philippines, the Ryukyu Islands and New Caledonia. [1] The adults spend the day on coral reefs rarely moving into sand and rubble areas between patches of coral to feed. During the night, they leave the reef and go to areas of sandy substrates where they actively hunt. Juveniles are found in sea grass beds and mangroves, preferring shallower, coastal waters. [2]

Biology

Lethrinus miniatus is a predatory species feeding on crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms and fishes, it diet being mainly crabs and sea urchins. They are found in small schools. [2] This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. [1]

Fisheries

Lethrinus miniatus is caught by Handline fishing and dropline. It is greatly favoured as a game and food fish along the Great Barrier Reef. It is an important commercial species in New Caledonia but it is often discarded there because it has been implicated in cases of ciguatera fish poisoning. The trumpet emperor dominates the dropline fishery off Norfolk Island. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lethrinidae</span> Family of fishes

Lethrinidae are a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes commonly known as emperors, emperor breams, and pigface breams.

<i>Lethrinus laticaudis</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus laticaudis, the grass emperor, blue-lined emperor, blue-spotted emperor, brown kelp-fish, brown morwong, brown sweetlip, coral bream, grass sweetlip, grey sweetlip, piggy, red throat, red-finned emperor, snapper bream, squire, sweet-lips or tricky snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Gymnocranius audleyi</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius audleyi, the collared large-eye bream, collar bream, bastard bream, coral bream, iodine bream, pale-faced bream or sand snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Gnathodentex</i> Genus of fishes

Gnathodentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single species, the goldspot seabream, also known as the striped large-eye bream. This taxon has a wide distribution in Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus</i> Genus of fishes

Lethrinus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are mostly found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, with a single species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus olivaceus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus olivaceus, common name longface emperor or long-nosed emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Lethrinus obsoletus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus obsoletus, the orange-striped emperor, yellow-banded emperor or yellowstripe emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Lethrinus atkinsoni</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus atkinsoni, the Pacific yellowtail emperor,, Atkinson's emperor, reticulated emperor, tricky snapper, Tuamotu emperor, yellow morwong or yellow-tailed emperor is a species of marine ray-finned fish benomging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperor breams and emperors. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus erythracanthus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus erythracanthus, the orange-spotted emperor, orangefin emperor, and yellow-spotted emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus harak</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus harak, the thumbprint emperorblackblotch emperor or blackspot emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Family Lethrinidae. the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus lentjan</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus lentjan, the pink ear emperor, redspot emperor, purple ear emperor or purple-headed emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus mahsena</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus mahsena, common names the sky emperor, mahsena emperor, and cutthroat emperor, is a species of emperor fish. It grows to 65 cm (26 in) in length, but is commonly found at between 35 and 45 cm. This fish may be yellow to greenish-blue or olive-grey, becoming paler toward the belly. It is a non-migratory, reef-associated fish that has a high commercial value.

<i>Lethrinus nebulosus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus nebulosus, the spangled emperor, green snapper, morwong, north-west snapper, sand bream, sand snapper, sixteen-pounder, sharie, sheri and yellow sweetlip, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found the Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus atlanticus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus atlanticus, the Atlantic emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off the coast of western Africa.

<i>Hamacreadium cribbi</i> Species of flatworm

Hamacreadium cribbi is a species of digenean, parasitic in the lethrinid fish Lethrinus miniatus. The species was collected off New Caledonia.

<i>Argyrops bleekeri</i> Species of fish

Argyrops bleekeri, the Taiwan tai, frypan bream, Bowen snapper, frypan snapper, king soldier bream, longfin snapper or longspine snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus crocineus</i> Species of marine fish

Lethrinus crocineus, the yellowtail emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus variegatus</i> Species of marine fish

Lethrinus variegatus, the slender emperor or variegated emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Lethrinus amboinensis</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus amboinensis, the Ambon emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus borbonicus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus borbonicus, the snubnose emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperor breams and emperors. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean and is of some importance to commercial fisheries in that region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A. & Myers, R. (2016). "Lethrinus miniatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T16720118A16722350. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16720118A16722350.en . Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Lethrinus miniatus" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lethrinus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  4. ↑ John E. Randall and Alwyne Wheeler (1991). "Reidentification of Seven Tropical Pacific Fishes Collected and Observed by the Forsters during the Voyage of HMS Resolution, 1772-75". Copeia. 1991 (3): 760–767. doi:10.2307/1446403.
  5. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ "Order Spariformes: Families Lethrinidae, Nemipteridae, and Sparidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  7. 1 2 Kent E. Carpenter; Gerald R. Allen (1989). Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. FAO, Rome.
  8. 1 2 Dianne J. Bray. "Lethrinus miniatus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria . Retrieved 14 December 2023.
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