Leucocoprinus heinemannii

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Leucocoprinus heinemannii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucocoprinus
Species:
L. heinemannii
Binomial name
Leucocoprinus heinemannii
Migl. (1987)
Synonyms

Leucocoprinus heinemannii var. melanotrichoides P. Mohr (2004)

Contents

Leucocoprinus heinemannii
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Campanulate cap icon.svgConvex cap icon.svg Cap is campanulate or convex
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Leucocoprinus heinemannii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. [1] [2]

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1987 by the Italian mycologist Vincenzo Migliozzi who classified it as Leucocoprinus heinemannii. [3]

Description

Leucocoprinusheinemannii is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh.

Cap: 16-22mm wide when mature, campanulate when young but flattening or becoming convex with age with edges which may lift upwards. The surface is pure white with a slightly umbonate disc which has very fine grey, purple and black tones densely concentrated in the middle. These colours extend sparsely across the cap dissipating towards the edges where there are striations which extend around a quarter of the way into the cap. Gills: Free, crowded and white. Stem: Smooth, 12-35mm long, 5 cm at most and 2mm thick tapering from a slightly bulbous 5mm base where traces of white mycelium are present. The persistent stem ring is white with brown edges and located towards the middle of the stem (median). Spores: Ellipsoidal or amygdaliform without apparent germ pore. 6.3-7.4 x 3.5-4.2 μm. Smell: Indistinct/mushroomy. Taste: Indistinct. [3] [4]

Habitat and distribution

L. heinemannii is not very well known and not often recorded. The first specimens studied were found growing individually in a greenhouse in Rome during the Autumn of 1985. GBIF has a few dozen recorded observations from all over the world since. [5] A 2014 study of mushroom species found in botanical gardens in Poland documented L. heinemannii growing in a group under Dichondra and Euphorbia plants during several months of the year. This was the first recording of the species in Poland. [6]

This species was also documented in Washington state in 2010 where it was found growing gregariously amongst soil in greenhouses. [4]

Similar species

Leucocoprinus ianthinus and Leucocoprinus brebissonii have some superficially similar details and are also known to grow in plant pots and greenhouses. There are also numerous species in the L. heinemannii species complex including L. tephrolepis, L. parvipileus and L. domingensis as documented from the Dominican Republican and US Virgin Islands in 2020. [7] So identification of this species based solely on visual appearance may not be accurate.

Lepiota atrodisca can appear very similar with a white cap and blackish-grey disc. Leucoagaricus melanotrichus [8] is similar as well.

Etymology

The specific epithet heinemannii is named for the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann who classified numerous Leucocoprinus species in 1977. [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Leucocoprinus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucocoprinus is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its best-known member is the distinctive yellow mushroom Leucocoprinus birnbaumii, which is found in plant pots and greenhouses worldwide. The type species is Leucocoprinus cepistipes. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains over 80 recognised species, however many of these species are very scarcely recorded and little known with only a small number of Leucocoprinus species which are commonly observed. The majority of the species in this genus are exclusive to tropical environments however numerous species have become a common sight in plant pots and greenhouses resulting in them becoming well known worldwide.

<i>Leucoagaricus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae. As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.

<i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus cretaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is likely tropical in origin although it was first documented in Europe where it was often found growing in greenhouses and bark beds. However many early observations conflate this species with Leucocoprinus birnbaumii or Leucocoprinus cepistipes despite sharing only some superficial similarities. This fungus is quite versatile even for a saprotroph and is often found growing in clusters on woodchips, sawdust and compost heaps as well as directly from the ground or on trees. It may also appear in plant pots and greenhouses in colder countries in which it is not well equipped to survive outside.

Leucocoprinus straminellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. Leucocoprinus straminellus is described as being similar to the more commonly known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii but it is smaller and a lighter shade of yellow with smaller spores that lack a germ pore. It is also described as being superficially similar to Leucocoprinus fragilissimus but slightly more robust with flesh that is less translucent.

<i>Leucoagaricus meleagris</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus meleagris is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus medioflavus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus acutoumbonatus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus pusillus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus beelianus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus discoideus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the local language when the mushroom cap is open it is known as batakania or bepokua pembe when it is immature with a closed cap. However 'bepokua' may also be used to refer to other similar looking mushroom species such as Micropsalliota bambusicola.

Leucocoprinus elaeidis is a species of mushroom-producing producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the local language, it is commonly known as elela.

Leucocoprinus thoenii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus violaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus velutipes is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus submontagnei is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus antillarum is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus scissus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus domingensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus parvipileus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus tephrolepis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

References

  1. "Species fungorum - Leucocoprinus heinemannii Migl., Micol. Ital. 16(2): 9 (1987)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  2. "Mycobank Database - Leucocoprinus heinemannii".
  3. 1 2 Migliozzi, Vincenzo (April 1987). "Leucocoprinus heinemanni Migliozzi nov. sp". Micologia Italiana. 16 (2): 8–13.
  4. 1 2 Birkebak, Joshua M. (2010-06-24). "The genus Leucocoprinus in western Washington". Mycotaxon. 112 (1): 83–102. doi: 10.5248/112.83 .
  5. "Leucocoprinus heinemannii Migl". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  6. Szczepkowski, Andrzej; Gierczyk, Błażej; Kujawa, Anna (2014-06-19). "Greenhouses of botanical gardens as a habitat of alien and native macrofungi: a case study in Poland". Open Life Sciences. 9 (8): 777–795. doi: 10.2478/s11535-014-0310-5 . ISSN   2391-5412. S2CID   17510324.
  7. Justo, Alfredo; Angelini, Claudio; Bizzi, Alberto; Tatti, Alessia; Vizzini, Alfredo (2020-06-26). "Three new cryptic Caribbean species in the Leucocoprinus heinemannii complex (Agaricaceae, Agaricales)". Mycological Progress. 19 (12): 1445–1457. Bibcode:2020MycPr..19.1445J. doi:10.1007/s11557-020-01638-9. ISSN   1617-416X. S2CID   230624811.
  8. Comparaison entre Leucocoprinus heinemannii et Leucoagaricus melanotrichus
  9. Heinemann, P. (1977). "Leucocoprinées nouvelles d'Afrique centrale II". Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 47 (1/2): 83–86. doi:10.2307/3667983. ISSN   0303-9153. JSTOR   3667983.