Leucocoprinus ianthinus

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Leucocoprinus ianthinus
Leucocoprinus ianthinus.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Leucocoprinus
Species:
L. ianthinus
Binomial name
Leucocoprinus ianthinus
(Sacc) P.Mohr (1994)
Synonyms [1]

Agaricus ianthinus Cooke (1888)
Lepiota ianthina Sacc (1891)
Lepiota lilacinogranulosa Henn. (1898)
Hiatula cepistipes var. lilacinogranulosa R. Heim & Romagn (1934)
Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosus Locq. (1943)
Leucocoprinus ianthinus Locq. (1945)
Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosus var. subglobisporus D.A. Reid (1989)
Leucocoprinus ianthinus var. subglobisporus Blanco-Dios (1989)

Contents

Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. [2] [3] Like several other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. It is not seen in plant pots with the same kind of regularity as the well known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and not seen in the wild as frequently as Leucocoprinus brebissonii.

Leucocoprinus ianthinus
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Campanulate cap icon.svgFlat cap icon.svg Cap is campanulate or flat
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
 Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1888 by the English botanist and mycologist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke who classified it as Agaricus (Lepiota) ianthinus based on specimens collected in the hothouses of Kew Gardens (London, England) in 1888. [4] In 1891 the Italian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo reclassified it as Lepiota ianthinus or Lepiota janthina in the original text. [5] It was reclassified as Leucocoprinus ianthinus in 1945 by Marcel Locquin. [6]

An additional basionym was classified as Lepiota lilacinogranulosa or Lepiota lilacino-granulosa by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1898. [7] In 1934 the French botanists and mycologists Roger Heim and Henri Romagnesi reclassified it as a variant of Hiatula cepaestipes (now known as Leucocoprinus cepistipes ). [8] The species was reclassified as Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosa by Locquin in 1943. [9] This is now also considered a synonym of Leucocoprinus ianthinus [2] [3] however some mycologists do consider them as separate, but similar looking species. [10]

Description

Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh.

Cap: 1.5-7cm, starting ovate/hemispherical before expanding to campanulate (bell shaped) with age with a prominent umbo and then plano-convex with age. The surface is whitish with a dark purple to reddish brown centre and purplish scales spreading across the cap but becoming sparse at towards the edges. The margins have striations that extend two thirds of the way across the cap or up to the umbo. They may split radially and discolour yellowish with age and it is common for them to curve inwards with age. Gills: Free, moderately crowded and white. Stem: 3.5-7cm long and 2-5mm wide tapering upwards from a slightly bulbous base and hollow interior. The surface is yellowish white towards the top of the stem, whitish below the ring and then with a violet to lilac fibrillose coating at the base and a white tomentous covering at the bulb. The white, ascending, stem ring has a purplish margin but may disappear. Spore print: White to pale lilac. Spores: A different range of sizes is given by different sources: 8–12 x 5.5–7.5 μm [11] or 6.5–10 x 5.75–6.5 μm [12] or 9.5-10.5 x 6.5-7 μm. [13] Ellipsoid to amygdaliform with a thick wall and a germ pore that is covered with a hyaline cap. Dextrinoid, congophilous and cyanophilous. In cresyl blue a pink colouration is visible in the inner wall of the spore. Basidia: 17–42 x 8–11 μm. Four spored or rarely two spored. Smell: fungal, strong and astringent. Taste: fungal. [11] [12] [13]

Similar species

Related Research Articles

<i>Leucocoprinus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucocoprinus is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its best-known member is the distinctive yellow mushroom Leucocoprinus birnbaumii, which is found in plant pots and greenhouses worldwide. The type species is Leucocoprinus cepistipes. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains over 80 recognised species, however many of these species are very scarcely recorded and little known with only a small number of Leucocoprinus species which are commonly observed. The majority of the species in this genus are exclusive to tropical environments however numerous species have become a common sight in plant pots and greenhouses resulting in them becoming well known worldwide.

<i>Leucoagaricus</i> Genus of fungi

Leucoagaricus is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.

<i>Leucocoprinus brebissonii</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus brebissonii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is commonly called the skullcap dapperling due to its distinctive pattern on the cap. This mushroom was only thought to be found in Europe but it has since been observed in the Pacific Northwest and may also be found in Asia.

<i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus cretaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is likely tropical in origin although it was first documented in Europe where it was often found growing in greenhouses and bark beds. However many early observations conflate this species with Leucocoprinus birnbaumii or Leucocoprinus cepistipes despite sharing only some superficial similarities. This fungus is quite versatile even for a saprotroph and is often found growing in clusters on woodchips, sawdust and compost heaps as well as directly from the ground or on trees. It may also appear in plant pots and greenhouses in colder countries in which it is not well equipped to survive outside.

Leucocoprinus straminellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. Leucocoprinus straminellus is described as being similar to the more commonly known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii but it is smaller and a lighter shade of yellow with smaller spores that lack a germ pore. It is also described as being superficially similar to Leucocoprinus fragilissimus but slightly more robust with flesh that is less translucent.

<i>Leucoagaricus meleagris</i> Species of fungus

Leucoagaricus meleagris is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus cygneus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus medioflavus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus brunnescens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus biornatus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus wynneae is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus bakeri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus beelianus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus heinemannii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus velutipes is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus tenellus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus revolutus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus bulbipes is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

Leucocoprinus antillarum is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

References

  1. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy: Leucocoprinus ianthinus (Sacc.) P. Mohr". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Species fungorum – Leucocoprinus ianthinus (Sacc.) P. Mohr, Boletus 18(2): 48 (1994)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Mycobank Database – Leucocoprinus ianthinus".
  4. ↑ Cooke, M. C.; Massee, George (1887–1888). "New British Fungi". Grevillea. London: Williams and Norgate. 16: 101.
  5. ↑ Saccardo, P. A.; Traverso, G. B.; Trotter, A. (1891). Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Vol. 9. Patavii: sumptibus auctoris. p. 10.
  6. ↑ Locquin, Marcel (1945). "Notes sur les Lépiotes II (suite)". Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. 14 (5): 94. doi:10.3406/linly.1945.13215.
  7. ↑ Hennings, P. (1898). "Die in den Gewächshäusern des Berl. bot. Gartns beobachteten Pilze". Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins für die Provinz Brandenburg. Berlin: Kommissions-Verlag von R. Gaertner. 40: 145.
  8. ↑ Heim, Roger; Romagnesi, Henri (1934). "Sur Quelques Agarics de la Flore Française". Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France. 50: 184 – via gallica.bnf.fr.
  9. ↑ Locquin, Marcel (1943). "Étudie du développement des spores du genre Leucocoprinus Pat, (Troisième Partie) suivie de la description d'une espèce nouvelle et d'une espèce critique". Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. 12 (6): 95. doi:10.3406/linly.1943.9747.
  10. ↑ Gierczyk, Błażej; Dubiel, Grzegorz (30 June 2014). "Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosus (Henn.) Locq. in Poland". Acta Mycologica. 49 (1): 59–67. doi: 10.5586/am.2014.005 . ISSN   2353-074X.
  11. 1 2 Noordeloos, Machiel; Wkuyper, T H; Vellinga, Else (1988). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica Critical monographs on families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands vol. 5. A.A. Balkema Publishers. pp. 80–81.
  12. 1 2 3 Reid, Derek A. (1989). "Notes on some Leucocoprinoid fungi from Britain". Mycological Research. 93 (4): 418. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80034-6. ISSN   0953-7562.
  13. 1 2 Buczacki, Stefan (2012). Collins fungi guide. London: Collins. ISBN   978-0-00-724290-0. OCLC   793683235.
  14. ↑ "Species Fungorum – Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosus (Henn.) Locq., Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Soc. Bot. Lyon 12(6): 95 (1943)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  15. ↑ Gierczyk, Błażej; Dubiel, Grzegorz (30 June 2014). "Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosus (Henn.) Locq. in Poland". Acta Mycologica. 49 (1): 59–67. doi: 10.5586/am.2014.005 . ISSN   2353-074X.
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