Lina Khan

Last updated

Shah Ali
​
(m. 2018)​
Lina Khan
Lina Khan, FTC Chair (cropped).jpg
Chair of the Federal Trade Commission
Assumed office
June 15, 2021
Children1
Education Williams College (BA)
Yale University (JD)
Signature Lina Khan signature.svg

Lina M. Khan (born March 3, 1989) is a British-born American legal scholar serving as chair of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) since 2021. She is also an associate professor of law at Columbia Law School.

Contents

While a student at Yale Law School, she became known for her work in antitrust and competition law in the United States after publishing the influential essay "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox". [1]

President Joe Biden nominated Khan to the FTC in March 2021, and following her confirmation, she took the chair in June 2021. During her tenure, the FTC has pushed to ban non-compete agreements, filed lawsuits against health care companies engaging in anti-competitive practices, and launched a high-profile lawsuit against Amazon. [2] In 2022, the FTC and the DOJ's anti-trust division blocked a record number of mergers on anti-trust grounds. [3]

Early life and education

Khan was born on March 3, 1989, in London, to a British family of Pakistani origin. [4] [5] Khan grew up in Golders Green in the London Borough of Barnet. Her parents, a management consultant and an employee of Thomson Reuters, moved to the United States when she was 11 years old. The family settled in Mamaroneck, New York, where she and her two siblings attended public school. [6] [7]

At Mamaroneck High School, Khan was involved in the student newspaper. [8] After high school, Khan studied political science at Williams College in Massachusetts. She was also an undergraduate visiting student at Exeter College, Oxford for a term. [9] Khan served as editor of the Williams College student newspaper and wrote her senior thesis on Hannah Arendt. She graduated in 2010 with a Bachelor of Arts.

Advocacy and academic career

From 2010 to 2014, Khan worked at the New America Foundation, where she engaged in anti-monopoly research and writing for Barry Lynn at the Open Markets Program. [6] Lynn was looking for a researcher without a background in economics, and he began critiquing market consolidation with Khan's help. [6]

As a result of her work at the Open Markets Institute, Khan was offered a reporting position at The Wall Street Journal , where she would have covered commodities. During the same period, Khan was offered admission into Yale Law School. Describing it as "a real 'choose the path' moment", Khan ultimately chose to enroll at Yale. [6]

Khan served as a submissions editor for the Yale Journal on Regulation . She went on to graduate from Yale in 2017 with a Juris Doctor degree. [4] [10]

"Amazon's Antitrust Paradox"

Khan in 2016, speaking on a panel about Amazon and antitrust law Lina Khan 2016.jpg
Khan in 2016, speaking on a panel about Amazon and antitrust law

In 2017, during her third year at Yale Law School, the Yale Law Journal published Khan's student article "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox". [11] The article made a significant impact in American legal and business circles, and the New York Times described it as "reframing decades of monopoly law". [4]

In the article, Khan argued that the current American antitrust law framework, which focuses on keeping consumer prices down, cannot account for the anticompetitive effects of platform-based business models such as that of Amazon. The title of Khan's piece was a reference to Robert Bork's 1978 book The Antitrust Paradox , which established the consumer-welfare standard that Khan critiqued. [6] She proposed alternative frameworks for antitrust policy, including "restoring traditional antitrust and competition policy principles or applying common carrier obligations and duties." [11] [6]

For "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox", Khan won the Antitrust Writing Award for "Best Academic Unilateral Conduct Article" in 2018, [12] the Israel H. Peres Prize by Yale Law School, [12] and the Michael Egger Prize from the Yale Law Journal. [12]

Reception

The article was met with both acclaim and criticism. As of September 2018, it received 146,255 hits, "a runaway best-seller in the world of legal treatises," according to the New York Times . [4] Makan Delrahim, then serving as Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division under Donald Trump, praised Khan for her “fresh thinking on how our legal tools apply to new digital platforms.” [13]

Joshua Wright, who served on the FTC from 2013 to 2015, derided her work as "hipster antitrust" and argued it "reveal[ed] a profound lack of understanding of the consumer welfare model and the rule of reason framework." [14] Herbert Hovenkamp wrote that Khan's claims are "technically undisciplined, untestable, and even incoherent", and that her work "never explains how a nonmanufacturing retailer such as Amazon could ever recover its investment in below cost pricing by later raising prices, and even disputes that raising prices to higher levels ever needs to be a part of the strategy, thus indicating that it is confusing predation with investment." [15]

Open Markets Institute and Columbia Law School

After graduating from law school, Khan worked as legal director at the Open Markets Institute. The institute split from New America after Khan and her team criticized Google's market power, prompting pressure from Google, a funder of New America. [16] During her time at OMI, Khan met with Senator Elizabeth Warren to discuss anti-monopolistic policy ideas. [17]

Initially planning to clerk for Judge Stephen Reinhardt on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Khan joined Columbia Law School as an academic fellow, where she pursued research and scholarship on antitrust law and competition policy, especially relating to digital platforms. [12] [18] She published “The Separation of Platforms and Commerce” in the Columbia Law Review , making the case for structural separations that prohibit dominant intermediaries from entering lines of business that place them in direct competition with the businesses dependent on their networks. [19] In July 2020, Khan joined the school's faculty as an associate professor of law. [20]

Khan has described herself as belonging to the New Brandeis movement, a political movement that seeks a revival in antitrust enforcement. [21]

Early government service

In 2018, Khan worked as a legal fellow at the Federal Trade Commission in the office of Commissioner Rohit Chopra. [22] In 2019, she began serving as counsel to the House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law, where she led the congressional investigation into digital markets. [23]

Chair of the FTC

On March 22, 2021, Joe Biden announced that he was nominating Khan to be a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission. [24] [25] On June 15, 2021, her nomination was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 69 to 28. [26] Khan was confirmed with bipartisan support, mainly attributed to her "influential anti-Amazon views" being widely reflected in Congress. [27] Biden then appointed her chairperson of the FTC. [28] Upon taking office, Khan became the third Asian-American to serve on the FTC, after Dennis Yao (who served from 1991 to 1994) and her former boss Rohit Chopra (who served from 2018 to 2021). [29]

Following her appointment as chairperson, both Amazon [30] and Facebook [31] filed petitions with the FTC seeking her recusal from investigations of the companies, suggesting that her past criticism of the companies left her unable to be impartial. However, according to legal scholar Eleanor Fox, the standard for recusal is very high and unlikely to be met for Khan. [32] Senator Elizabeth Warren and other supporters of Khan argued that the recusal demands amount to an attempt by these companies to intimidate Khan in order to curtail regulatory scrutiny. [33]

According to leaked documents, the FTC's Designated Agency Ethics Official (DAEO), Lorielle Pankey, did not believe Khan had violated any ethical standards, [34] but still recommended that she recuse herself from the case with Meta Platforms to avoid the appearance of bias; this recommendation was rejected by Khan and the FTC. [35] The official who made the recommendation was later revealed to have owned Meta stock at that time, prompting concerns about Pankey's own conduct. [36] In response, Khan and the FTC released a unanimous statement in support of Pankey. [37] Earlier in February 2023, FTC Commissioner Christine Wilson announced her resignation from the agency citing her opposition to Khan's leadership, including her refusal to recuse from FTC's lawsuit against Meta. [38]

On July 13, 2023, Khan appeared before a Republican-led House committee that questioned her leadership of the agency. The hearing took place shortly after the FTC lost a case blocking the Microsoft takeover of Activision Blizzard. [39] [40] Democrats on the committee defended Khan and the actions of the agency, arguing that she was taking steps that protected user privacy. [41]

On February 22, 2024, the House of Representatives Judiciary Committee released an interim report alleging abuse of power and waste of resources. [42] [43]

Legacy and influence

In 2018 Politico described Khan as "a leader of a new school of antitrust thought" as part of its "Politico 50" list of influential thinkers. [12] New York magazine said she was "indisputably the most powerful figure in the anti-monopoly vanguard". [44] She was also listed as one of Foreign Policy 's "Global Thinkers," [45] Prospect's "Top 50 Thinkers," [46] Wired 's WIRED25, [47] the National Journal 50, [48] Washingtonian's list of most influential women, [49] and Time's "Next Generation Leaders." [50]

Khan's practices at the FTC have been met with both praise and criticism. Ankush Khadori of New York wrote in December 2023 that failed lawsuits against Meta and Microsoft led to reduced morale and high attrition among FTC employees. [51] However, Khan has gained praise for her tactics from members of both the Democratic and Republican parties. GOP Senator J. D. Vance from Ohio cited Khan's campaigns against large technology companies as a success for anti-trust efforts in the US, beliefs echoed by former Democratic representative David Cicilline, who expressed his confidence that Khan would ultimately prevail against large companies. [52] [53]

Personal life

Khan is married to Shah Ali, a cardiologist at Columbia University in Manhattan. [4] In January 2023, Khan gave birth to their first child. [54]

Bibliography

Co-authored works

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Trade Commission</span> United States government agency

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government whose principal mission is the enforcement of civil (non-criminal) antitrust law and the promotion of consumer protection. The FTC shares jurisdiction over federal civil antitrust law enforcement with the Department of Justice Antitrust Division. The agency is headquartered in the Federal Trade Commission Building in Washington, DC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tim Wu</span> American legal scholar (born 1972)

TimothyShiou-Ming Wu is a Taiwanese-American legal scholar who served as Special Assistant to the President for Technology and Competition Policy at the United States from 2021 to 2023. He is also a professor of law at Columbia University and a contributing opinion writer for The New York Times. He is known legally and academically for significant contributions to antitrust and communications policy, coining the phrase "network neutrality" in his 2003 law journal article, Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination. In the late 2010s, Wu was a leading advocate for an antitrust lawsuit directed at the breakup of Facebook.

The Antitrust Paradox is an influential 1978 book by Robert Bork that criticized the state of United States antitrust law in the 1970s. A second edition, updated to reflect substantial changes in the law, was published in 1993. Bork has credited Aaron Director as well as other economists from the University of Chicago as influences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deborah Platt Majoras</span>

Deborah Platt Majoras is the former chair of the Federal Trade Commission, appointed May 11, 2004, by President George W. Bush and sworn in on August 16, 2004. President Bush had announced his intention to appoint her to the position on July 30, 2004. Majoras is a member of the Republican Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Kovacic</span> American legal scholar

William Evan Kovacic is an American legal scholar who served as a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) from 2006 to 2011, including as its chairman from 2008 to 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Big Tech, also known as the Tech Giants, are the largest information technology companies. The term most often refers to the Big Five tech companies in the United States: Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft. The term can also include major Chinese technology companies, including the grouping of Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi (BATX). Big Tech can also include smaller tech companies with high valuations, such as Netflix and Nvidia, or non-tech companies with high-tech practices, such as the automaker Tesla. The concept of Big Tech is analogous to the consolidation of market dominance by a few companies in other market sectors, such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and J.P. Morgan in investment banking, the Big Three consulting firms, Big Oil, Big Pharma, and Big Media.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohit Chopra</span> American consumer advocate (born 1982)

Rohit Chopra is an American consumer advocate who is the third director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and previous member of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Prior to this, Chopra served as assistant director of the CFPB and as the agency's first Student Loan Ombudsman, an office created by the Dodd–Frank Act.

The AI Now Institute is an American research institute studying the social implications of artificial intelligence and policy research that addresses the concentration of power in the tech industry. AI Now has partnered with organizations such as the Distributed AI Research Institute (DAIR), Data & Society, Ada Lovelace Institute, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York University Center for Data Science, Partnership on AI, and the ACLU. AI Now has produced annual reports that examine the social implications of artificial intelligence. In 2021-2, AI Now’s leadership served as a Senior Advisors on AI to Chair Lina Khan at the Federal Trade Commission. Its executive director is Amba Kak.

Erie Meyer is an American technologist and federal government executive. She currently serves as Chief Technologist of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and previously served as Chief Technologist of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) under FTC Chair Lina Khan in 2021. Meyer had also served as a technologist in the office of then-FTC Commissioner Rohit Chopra. Meyer is the co-founder of the networking list Tech Ladymafia with Aminatou Sow. In 2022, she was named a Tech Titan by Washingtonian magazine.

Facebook, Inc., has been involved in many lawsuits since its founding in 2004.

<i>Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</i> United States ongoing antitrust court case

Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc. is an ongoing antitrust court case brought by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against Facebook parent company Meta Platforms. The lawsuit alleges that Meta has accumulated monopoly power via anti-competitive mergers, with the suit centering on the acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rebecca Slaughter</span> American attorney (born 1983)

Rebecca Kelly Slaughter is an American attorney who is a current commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission. Slaughter was previously the acting chair of the Federal Trade Commission from January 21, 2021, to June 15, 2021.

The American Economic Liberties Project(AELP) is an American non-profit organization that advocates corporate accountability legislation and aggressive enforcement of antitrust regulations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Brandeis movement</span> American academic and political movement

The New Brandeis or neo-Brandeis movement is an antitrust academic and political movement in the United States which argues that excessively centralized private power is dangerous for economical, political and social reasons. Initially called hipster antitrust by its detractors, as also referred to as the "Columbia school" or "Neo-Progressive antitrust," the movement advocates that United States antitrust law return to a broader concern with private power and its negative effects on market competition, income inequality, consumer rights, unemployment, and wage growth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Kanter</span> American lawyer (born 1973)

Jonathan Seth Kanter is an American antitrust attorney who has served as assistant attorney general for the Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division since November 16, 2021. Prior to this, Kanter worked as an antitrust attorney at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and in private practice.

In the context of U.S. competition law, the consumer welfare standard (CWS) or consumer welfare principle (CWP) is a legal doctrine used to determine the applicability of antitrust enforcement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christine S. Wilson</span> American attorney (born 1970)

Christine Smith Wilson is an American attorney and former government official. A member of the Republican Party, Wilson was appointed by President Donald Trump in 2018 to serve on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Wilson resigned from the FTC in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alvaro Bedoya</span> American attorney (born 1982)

Alvaro Martin Bedoya is an American attorney and government official who has served on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) since 2022.

Executive Order 14036, titled Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy and sometimes referred to as the Executive Order on Competition, is the fifty-first executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden. Signed on July 9, 2021, the order serves to establish a "whole-of-government effort to promote competition in the American economy" by encouraging stronger enforcement of antitrust law.

<i>FTC v. Amazon</i> 2023 lawsuit brought against the multinational technology company Amazon

Federal Trade Commission, et al. v. Amazon.com, Inc. is a lawsuit brought against the multinational technology company and online retailer Amazon in 2023. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), joined by the attorneys general of seventeen U.S. states, alleges that Amazon holds and abuses an online retail monopoly.

References

  1. ↑ Khan, Lina M. (January 2017). "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox". Yale Law Journal . 126 (3): 564–907. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  2. ↑ Sisco, Josh (December 22, 2023). "'She was put in this role to shake things up'". POLITICO.
  3. ↑ "FTC's Khan and DOJ's Kanter Beat Back Deals at Fastest Clip in Decades". Bloomberg.com. December 18, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Streitfeld, David (September 7, 2018). "Amazon's Antitrust Antagonist Has a Breakthrough Idea". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  5. ↑ Khan, Lina (March 28, 2021). "Senate Commerce Committee Nominee Questionnaire, 117th Congress". United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Lina Khan's Battle to Rein in Big Tech". The New Yorker. November 25, 2021. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  7. ↑ "The education of Lina Khan, Big Tech's biggest critic". U2B. June 25, 2021. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  8. ↑ Mohn, Tanya (October 17, 2004). "A Tempest In a Coffee Shop". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  9. ↑ "Exeter College Association: Register 2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  10. ↑ "Title Page". Yale Journal on Regulation. 33: [i]. 2016. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  11. 1 2 Khan, Lina M. (January 2017). "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox". Yale Law Journal . 126 (3): 564–907. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Lina Khan". Source of the Week. January 4, 2019. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  13. ↑ Scola, Nancy (July 9, 2018). "FTC Democrat hires tech industry critic who's taken aim at Amazon". POLITICO. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Requiem for a Paradox: The Dubious Rise and Inevitable Fall of Hipster Antitrust". Arizona State Law Journal. May 7, 2019. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  15. ↑ Hovenkamp, Herbert (December 1, 2018). "Whatever Did Happen to the Antitrust Movement?". Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  16. ↑ Meyer, Robinson (June 12, 2018). "How to Fight Amazon (Before You Turn 29)". The Atlantic . Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  17. ↑ Kolhatkar, Sheelah (August 20, 2019). "How Elizabeth Warren Came Up with a Plan to Break Up Big Tech". The New Yorker . Archived from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
  18. ↑ Streitfeld, David (September 7, 2018). "Amazon's Antitrust Antagonist Has a Breakthrough Idea". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  19. ↑ Khan, Lina M. (2019). "The Separation of Platforms and Commerce". Columbia Law Review . 119 (4): 973. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  20. ↑ Columbia Law School (July 6, 2020). "Dean Gillian Lester announced that Lina Khan will join the Columbia Law faculty as an associate professor of law this fall. Khan is one of the leaders of an antitrust movement challenging some of the world's most powerful corporations". Twitter . Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
  21. ↑ Khan, Lina (March 1, 2018). "The New Brandeis Movement: America's Antimonopoly Debate". Journal of European Competition Law & Practice. 9 (3): 131–132. doi: 10.1093/jeclap/lpy020 . ISSN   2041-7764.
  22. ↑ "About". Lina Khan. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  23. ↑ Lohr, Steve (December 8, 2019). "This Man May Be Big Tech's Biggest Threat". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  24. ↑ Kelly, Makena (March 22, 2021). "Biden to nominate tech antitrust pioneer Lina Khan for FTC commissioner". The Verge . Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  25. ↑ "President Biden Announces his Intent to Nominate Lina Khan for Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission". whitehouse.gov. The White House. March 22, 2021. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  26. ↑ Brandom, Russell (June 15, 2021). "Tech antitrust pioneer Lina Khan confirmed as FTC commissioner". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  27. ↑ Brandom, Russell (June 30, 2021). "Amazon says new FTC chair shouldn't regulate it because she's too mean". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  28. ↑ McCabe, David (June 15, 2021). "Biden Names Lina Khan, a Big-Tech Critic, as F.T.C. Chair". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  29. ↑ Birnbaum, Emily (April 21, 2021). "What to watch at Lina Khan's confirmation hearing". POLITICO. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  30. ↑ Kendall, Brent (June 30, 2021). "Amazon Seeks Recusal of FTC Chairwoman Lina Khan in Antitrust Investigations of Company". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  31. ↑ Kendall, Brent (July 14, 2021). "Facebook Seeks FTC Chair Lina Khan's Recusal in Antitrust Case". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2021– via www.wsj.com.
  32. ↑ Greene, Jay; Lerman, Rachel. "Amazon seeks recusal of FTC Chair Khan, a longtime company critic". Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  33. ↑ "Democratic senators blast Amazon, Facebook's efforts to 'bully' FTC over antitrust case". The Daily Dot. August 5, 2021. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  34. ↑ Dayen, David (June 23, 2023). "Attacks on Lina Khan's Ethics Reveal Copious Amounts of Projection". The American Prospect. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  35. ↑ Nylen, Leah (June 16, 2023). "Lina Khan Rejected FTC Ethics Recommendation to Recuse in Meta Case". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 11, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  36. ↑ Mullins, Brody (June 30, 2023). "Ethics Official Owned Meta Stock While Recommending FTC Chair Recuse Herself From Meta Case". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  37. ↑ "FTC Chair and Commissioners Issue Joint Statement". FTC.gov (Press release). Federal Trade Commission. June 30, 2023. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  38. ↑ Kang, Cecilia (February 14, 2023). "Republican F.T.C. Commissioner Says She Plans to Resign". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
  39. ↑ "House Republicans interrogate FTC's Khan over regulation of Big Tech". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
  40. ↑ Bartz, Diane; Shepardson, David (July 13, 2023). "FTC chair defends tenure as lawmakers battle over consumer agency's impact". Reuters.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
  41. ↑ Riley, Tonya (July 13, 2023). "FTC faces pressure from Twitter, Republicans over privacy investigation". CyberScoop.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
  42. ↑ Jordan, Jim. "Abuse of power waste of resources and fear: what internal documents and testimony from career employees show about the FTC under chair Lina Khan" (PDF). judiciary.house.gov. House Judiciary Committee Republicans. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  43. ↑ Murray, Alan (February 25, 2024). "The FTC and chair Lina Khan are plagued by classic mismanagement". Fortune . Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  44. ↑ Scola, Nancy (October 27, 2021). "Lina Khan Isn't Worried About Going Too Far". Intelligencer. New York. Archived from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  45. ↑ "Foreign Policy's 100 Global Thinkers". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  46. ↑ Team, Prospect. "The world's top 50 thinkers 2019". Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  47. ↑ "WIRED25: Stories of People Who Are Racing to Save Us". Wired. ISSN   1059-1028. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  48. ↑ "Lina Khan – National Journal 50". nj50.nationaljournal.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  49. ↑ "Washington's Most Powerful Women". Washingtonian. October 1, 2019. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  50. ↑ Semuels, Alana (October 10, 2019). "This Legal Scholar Has Some Bold Ideas For How to Take on Major Companies Like Amazon". TIME.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  51. ↑ Khardori, Ankush (December 12, 2023). "Lina Khan's Rough Year Running the Federal Trade Commission". New York . Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  52. ↑ Klar, Rebecca (February 27, 2024). "Vance: Biden FTC chief is 'doing a pretty good job'". The Hill. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  53. ↑ Jones, Callum (March 9, 2024). "'She's going to prevail': FTC head Lina Khan is fighting for an anti-monopoly America". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  54. ↑ Kerr, Dara. "Lina Khan is taking swings at Big Tech as FTC chair, and changing how it does business". NPR. Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.