List of African-American newspapers in Tennessee

Last updated

A front page of the Maryville Republican from 1867. Maryville Republican 1867-11-02.jpg
A front page of the Maryville Republican from 1867.

This is a list of African-American newspapers that have been published in Tennessee. It includes both current and historical newspapers.

Contents

More than 100 such papers have been published in Tennessee. [1] The first was The Colored Tennessean , first published in Nashville on April 29, 1865. [2]

Newspapers currently in publication are highlighted in green in the list below.

Newspapers

CityTitleBeginningEndFrequencyCall numbersRemarks
Athens Watchman1891 [3] 1895 [3]
Chattanooga The Chattanooga Advocate1915 [4] 1900s [4] Weekly [4]
  • LCCN   sn98069675
  • OCLC   38450720
Chattanooga
  • Blade [3]
  • Chattanooga Weekly Blade [5]
1898 [3] 1916 [3] Weekly [5]
Chattanooga Citizen1947 [3] 1947 [3]
Chattanooga Colored Citizen1908 [3] 1911 [3]
Chattanooga Chattanooga Courier1990s [6] 1990s [6] Weekly [6]
Chattanooga Defender1917 [3] 1937 [3]
Chattanooga The Chattanooga Enterprise1969 [7] 1900s [7] Weekly [7]
Chattanooga Freeman1896 [3] 1897 [3]
Chattanooga Harambee1974 [3] 1974 [3]
Chattanooga Independent Tribune1886 [3] 1886 [3]
Chattanooga Industrial Searchlight1899 [3] 1903 [3]
Chattanooga Journal1973 [3] 1974 [3]
Chattanooga Justice1887 [8] 1887 [3] Weekly [8]
  • Published by Horn, Wilson & Co. [9]
Chattanooga
  • News Weekly
  • Chattanooga News Weekly (1986–1989) [10]
1986 [10] 1994 [11] Weekly [11]
Chattanooga Sun1913 [12] 1915 [12]
Chattanooga National Democracy1918 [12] 1921 [12]
Chattanooga
  • Chattanooga News Chronicle
  • Chattanooga Chronicle
currentWeekly
Chattanooga The Chattanooga North Star1982 [13] 1980s [13] Weekly [13]
Chattanooga Observer1890 [12] 1895 [12]
  • Distinct from later Observer in 20th century. [12]
Chattanooga Chattanooga Observer 1927 [12] or 1928? [14] 1966 [12] Weekly [14]
Chattanooga Radiance1978 [12] 1978 [12]
Chattanooga Southern American1884 [12] 1887 [12]
Chattanooga Tribune1928 [12] 1931 [12]
Clarksville News Herald1913 [12] 1917 [12]
Clarksville Negro Index1901 [12] 1903 [12]
Clarksville Sun1950s [15] 1950s [15]
Columbia Headlight1893 [15] 1895 [15]
Columbia Columbia Index1901 [16] 1900s [16] Monthly newspaper [16]
Fayetteville Advocate1900 [15] 1905 [15]
Fayetteville Rising Sun1895 [15] 1899 [15]
Franklin The Black Perspective Inside/Out1981 [17] 1980s [17] Monthly newspaper [17]
  • Edited by Robert W. Blair. [17]
Gallatin The Major1905 [15] 1914 [15] Twice monthly [18]
  • Attested from at least 1906. [18]
Jackson
  • Afro-American Sentinel [19]
  • The Afro-American Sentinel [20]
1890 [19] 1890 [15] Weekly [19]
Jackson Afro-American Standard1903 [15] 1906 [15]
Jackson Community Focus1985 [21] 1987 [21] Weekly [21]
  • Edited by Martha Robinson. [21]
Jackson Gazette1910 [15] 1912 [15]
Jackson The Jackson Headlight1899 [15] or 1900 [22] 1900 [15] Weekly [23]
Jackson The Metro Forum1989 [24] ?Weekly [24]
  • Edited by Bill Marable. Published by Bobby Lee. [24]
  • Attested through at least 1993. [24]
Jackson News1906 [15] 1907 [15]
Knoxville Knoxville Bulletin1881 [25] ?
Knoxville Knoxville Crusader1963 [26] ? [26] Weekly [26]
  • Edited by G.J. Hill. [26]
Knoxville The East Tennessee News 1906 [15] or 1908? [27] 1948 [15] Weekly [27]
  • Published by Webster L. Porter. [27]
Knoxville The Enlightener1989 [28] 1990s [28] Weekly [28]
Knoxville Enquirer1939? [29] 1939? [29]
Knoxville The Knoxville Examiner1982 [30] ?Biweekly [30]
Knoxville The Examiner1878 [25] 1878 [29]
Knoxville The Knoxville Express1982 [31] 1982 [31] Biweekly [31]
  • Edited by R.J. Booker. [31]
Knoxville Flashlight Herald 1931 [29] 1963 [29]
Knoxville Gleaner1891 [29] 1900 [29] Founded by printer and attorney James Leonard Smith. [32]
Knoxville Herald1927 [29] 1935 [29]
Knoxville Independent Call1952 [29] 1961 [29]
Knoxville Keyana1974 [33] 1974 [33] Weekly [33]
Knoxville The Keyana Spectrum1974 [34] 1975 [33] Weekly [34]
Knoxville Messenger1908 [33] 1910 [33]
Knoxville Monitor1944 [33] 1954 [33]
Knoxville
1887 [36] or 1888 [38] 1895 [36] or 1892 [33] Biweekly [36] or weekly [35]
  • Published by Patterson Brothers & Co. [36]
Knoxville New South1887 [39] 1895 [39]
Knoxville Public Guide1934 [39] 1938 [39]
Knoxville Review1904 [39] 1910 [39]
Knoxville The Righteous Tribe1973 [40] ? [40] Biweekly [40]
Knoxville The Knoxville Spectrum1974 [41] or 1975 [39] 1975 [41] Weekly [41]
Knoxville Times1964 [39] 1966 [39]
Knoxville Voice1949 [39] 1949 [39]
Liberty Afro-American1899 [39] 1902 [39]
Maryville
1879 [39] 1882 [39]
Maryville The Maryville Monitor 1872 [42] 1874 [42] Monthly newspaper [42]
  • Published by W.B. Scott & Co. [42]
Maryville
1867 [43] 1878 [43] or 1877 [39] Weekly [43]
Memphis African American Voice1994? [44] ? [44] Monthly newspaper [44]
Memphis Afro-American1895 [45] 1895 [45]
Memphis
  • Bluff City News
  • The Bluff City News [46]
1902 [45] or 1903 [47] or 1904? [46] 1920 [45] Weekly [47]
Memphis Colored Citizen1900 [45] 1921 [45]
Memphis Dublin Weekly Bulletin1920 [48] 1922 [48]
Memphis The Greater Memphis & Mid-South Silver Star News1980s [49] 1998 [49] Weekly [49]
Memphis Head and Hand1902? [48] 1902? [48]
Memphis Headlight1886 [48] 1888 [48]
Memphis
1888 [50] 1892 [51]
Memphis Index1923 [48] 1936 [48]
Memphis The Jerusalem Chronicle1990 [53] currentMonthly [53]
Memphis Journal1936 [48] 1938 [48]
Memphis Mid-South Express1979 [48] 1980s [54] Weekly [54]
  • Published by M. Latroy A. Williams Publishing Co. [54]
Memphis The Mid-South Tribune1996 [55] Weekly [55]
Memphis Mid-Weekly Progress1905 [48] 1910 [48]
Memphis The Moon Illustrated Weekly1905 [56] or 1906 [48] 1906 [56] Weekly [56]
Memphis The New Tri-State Defender1961 [57] 1967 [57] Weekly [57]
Memphis Outlook1902 [48] 1906 + 1920s [48]
Memphis Record1920 [48] 1922 [48]
Memphis Scimitar1898 [58] 1900 [58]
Memphis The Memphis Sentinel1940 [59] 1900s [59] Weekly [59]
Memphis Signal1901 [58] 1916 [58]
Memphis The Memphis Silver Star News1980s [60] 1989 [60] Weekly [60]
Memphis Star Times1954 [58] 1957 [58]
Memphis Sun1913 [58] 1913 [58]
Memphis Times1918 [58] 1937 [58]
Memphis The Times-Herald1959 [61] 1900s [61] Weekly [61]
Memphis
1951 [62] currentWeekly [62]
Memphis The Tri-state Tribune1920s [64] or 1930 [58] 1932 [58] Weekly [64]
Memphis Memphis Triangle1920s [65] or 1930 [58] 1932 [58] Weekly [65]
  • Billed as the "[l]argest circulated Negro weekly newspaper in the Mid-South." [65]
Memphis Memphis Watchman1884? [66] 1889? [66] Weekly [66]
  • Edited by J. Thomas Turner. [66]
Memphis Weekly Planet1872 [58] 1872 [58] Weekly
Memphis Memphis World 1931 [67] 1972 [58] Twice weekly [67] or weekly [68]
Morristown Reporter1920 [69] 1921 [69]
Murfreesboro The Murfreesboro News1954 [70] or 1956 [69] 1966 [69] Monthly newspaper [70]
  • Published by Pearl Wade. [70]
Murfreesboro The Murfreesboro Union1920 [71] 1900s [71] [71]
  • Attested through at least 1939. [71]
Nashville 780 Countdown1962 [72] 1964 [72]
Nashville The Block Bulletin1947 [73] or 1950 [69] 1950s [74] Monthly newspaper [73]
  • Published by Solid Block. Edited by George W. Harvey. [73]
Nashville
  • Capitol City Defender [75]
  • Capital City Defender [69]
1963 [75] 1965 [69] Twice monthly [75]
  • Published by H.C. Savage. [75]
Nashville Citizen1893 [69] 1905 [69]
Nashville The City Examiner1960 [69] or 1962 [76] 1962? [76] Weekly [76]
  • Published and edited by Mrs. W.A. Mason. [76]
Nashville Nashville Clarion1896 [77] or 1902 [69] 1937 [69] Weekly [77]
  • Attested through at least 1931. [77]
Nashville The Colored Tennessean1865 [78] 1866 [78] or 1867 [69] Weekly [78]
  • First African-American newspaper in Tennessee, first published April 29, 1865.
  • Founded by William B. Scott.
Nashville The Nashville Commentator1948 [79] 1971 [80] Weekly [79]
Nashville Corner Stone1881 [80] 1892 [80]
Nashville The Nashville Defender1938 [81] 1943 [80] Weekly [81]
  • Edited by D.J. Fabree. [81]
Nashville The Ebony Gazette1975 [82] 1976 [80] Weekly [82]
  • Edited by Norman G. Simons. [82]
Nashville Emigration Herald1879 [80] 1879 [80]
Nashville Free Lance1885 [80] 1887 [80]
Nashville
  • Nashville Globe And Independent [83]
  • The Nashville Globe and Independent [84]
1930s [83] 1960 [85] Weekly [84]
  • Formed by the merger of the Nashville Globe and Nashville Independent. [83]
Nashville The Nashville Globe 1906 [86] 1930s [86] Weekly [86]
Nashville The Herald Examiner1976 [87] 1976 [85] Biweekly [87] or irregular [88]
  • Published by Robert J. Sye. [87]
Nashville Herald and Pilot1879 [85] 1879 [85]
Nashville Independence News1972 [89] ? [89] Biweekly [89]
  • Published by the Nashville Urban League. [89]
Nashville Nashville Independent1929 [85] or 1931 [90] 1938 [85] Weekly [90]
  • Merged with Nashville Globe to become the Nashville Globe and Independent. [91]
Nashville Metropolitan1979 [85] 1979 [85]
Nashville Metropolitan Times1980 [92] 1997 [93] Weekly [92]
  • Published by Latham Communications, Inc. Edited by Bruce Honick. [93]
Nashville Metropolitan Weekly1980 [94] 1980s [94] Irregular [94]
Nashville The Mid-State Observer1978 [95] 1970s [85] Weekly [95] or irregular [96]
  • Published by The Eagle Press. Edited by Lou Taylor. [95]
Nashville Neighborhood Times1959 [97] 1962 [97] Monthly newspaper (two summer months combined) [97]
Nashville News1914 [85] 1918 [85]
Nashville Nashville News-Star1960 [98] 1961 [85] Weekly [98]
Nashville Palladium1883 [85] 1909 [85]
Nashville
  • Nashville P.R.I.D.E [99]
  • Nashville Pride [100]
1988 [100] currentWeekly [99]
Nashville The Nashville Sun1950 [102] ? [102] Weekly [102]
  • Published by Central Southern Publishing Co., Inc. Edited by L.D. Williams (1950) and W.N. Daniel (1951). [102]
Nashville
1865 [104] or 1866 [103] 1867 [103] or 1866 [104] Weekly [103]
  • Published by Scott, Waring and Co. Edited by W.B. Scott. [103]
Nashville The Tennessee Star1886 [105] 1891 [105] Weekly [105]
  • Edited by George T. Robinson. [105]
Nashville Sun1950 [72] 1951 [72]
Nashville Times Mirror Tennessee1997 [106] 1998 [106] Weekly [106]
Nashville Tribune1912 [72] 1913 [72]
Nashville The Tennessee Tribune 1992 [107] currentWeekly [107]
Nashville Uplift1973 [72] 1976 [72]
Nashville The Urban Journal1998 [108] ?Weekly [108]
Nashville Weekly Pilot1878 / 1879 [72] 1879 / 1879 [72]
Nashville Nashville World1932 [72] 1938 [72] Weekly [109]
Nashville Yours1949 [72] 1949 [72]
Paris Headlight1909 [72] 1911 [72]
Winchester Negro Enterprise1899 [72] 1900 [72]

See also

Works cited

Related Research Articles

The Tennessee Tribune is an African-American newspaper in Nashville, Tennessee. Its circulation is statewide - Nashville, Chattanooga, Knoxville and Memphis, Tennessee. It was founded in 1991 by Rosetta Irvin Miller-Perry.

References

  1. ↑ Brown 1982, p. 9.
  2. ↑ Shannon 1983, p. 313.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Brown 1982, p. 197.
  4. 1 2 3 "About The Chattanooga advocate. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1915-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  5. 1 2 "About Chattanooga weekly blade. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 19??-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  6. 1 2 3 "About Chattanooga courier. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 199?-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  7. 1 2 3 "About The Chattanooga enterprise. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1969-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  8. 1 2 "About Justice. [online resource] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1887-18??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  9. ↑ "About Justice. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1887-18??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  10. 1 2 "About Chattanooga news weekly. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1986-1989". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  11. 1 2 "About News weekly. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1989-1994". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Brown 1982, p. 198.
  13. 1 2 3 "About The Chattanooga north star. (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1982-198?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  14. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 145, ¶ 1504.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Brown 1982, p. 199.
  16. 1 2 3 "About Columbia index. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1901-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "About The black perspective inside/out. ([Franklin, Tenn.]) 1981-198?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  18. 1 2 "About The major. (Gallatin, Tenn.) 190?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  19. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 26, ¶ 259.
  20. ↑ "About The Afro-American sentinel. (Jackson, Tenn.) 1890-189?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "About Community focus. (Jackson, Tenn.) 1985-1987". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  22. ↑ "About The Jackson headlight. [volume] (Jackson, Tenn.) 1900-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  23. ↑ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 309, ¶ 3244.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 360, ¶ 3770.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Lewis L. Laska (2018-03-01). "William F. Yardley". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-02-09. In 1878 Yardley was the publisher and editor of Knoxville's first black newspaper, the Knoxville Examiner. In 1882 he organized and published another newspaper, the Knoxville Bulletin.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 329, ¶ 3437.
  27. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 203, ¶ 2119.
  28. 1 2 3 "About The enlightener. (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1989-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Brown 1982, p. 200.
  30. 1 2 "About The Knoxville examiner. [volume] ([Knoxville, Tenn.]) 1982-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  31. 1 2 3 4 "About The Knoxville express. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1982-1982". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  32. ↑ Who's who of the Colored Race: A General Biographical Dictionary of Men and Women of African Descent. 1915. p. 248.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Brown 1982, p. 201.
  34. 1 2 "About The Keyana spectrum. (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1974-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  35. 1 2 "About The Knoxville Negro world. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1887-1888". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 404, ¶ 4204.
  37. ↑ "About The Weekly Negro world. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1887-1887". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  38. ↑ "About Negro world. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1888-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Brown 1982, p. 202.
  40. 1 2 3 "About The righteous tribe. (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1973-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  41. 1 2 3 "About The Knoxville spectrum. (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1974-1975". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  42. 1 2 3 4 "About The Maryville monitor. [volume] (Maryville, Tenn.) 1872-1874". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  43. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 354, ¶ 3707.
  44. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 14, ¶ 136.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brown 1982, p. 203.
  46. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 110, ¶ 1145.
  47. 1 2 3 "About Bluff City news. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1903-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Brown 1982, p. 204.
  49. 1 2 3 "About The greater Memphis & Mid-South silver star news. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 198?-1998". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  50. ↑ Brown 1982, p. 81.
  51. 1 2 3 Kenneth W. Goings (2019-10-07). "Memphis Free Speech". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-02-10. The Free Speech received national attention in 1892 for its coverage of the so-called Curve Riot.
  52. ↑ Brown 1982, pp. 81–82.
  53. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 313, ¶ 3288.
  54. 1 2 3 "About Mid-South express. (Memphis, Tenn.) 197?-198?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  55. 1 2 "About The Mid-South tribune. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1996-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  56. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 375, ¶ 3909.
  57. 1 2 3 "About The new tri-state defender. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1961-1967". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Brown 1982, p. 205.
  59. 1 2 3 "About The Memphis sentinel. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1940-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  60. 1 2 3 "About The Memphis silver star news. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 198?-1989". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  61. 1 2 3 "About The Times-herald. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1959-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  62. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 568, ¶ 5931.
  63. ↑ "About The tri-state defender. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1951-1961". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  64. 1 2 "About The Tri-state tribune. (Memphis, Tenn) 192?-193?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  65. 1 2 3 "About Memphis triangle. [online resource] (Memphis, Tenn.) 192?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  66. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 357, ¶ 3749.
  67. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 358, ¶ 3750.
  68. ↑ "About Memphis world. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1931-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  69. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Brown 1982, p. 206.
  70. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 379, ¶ 3959.
  71. 1 2 3 4 "About The Murfreesboro union. [online resource] (Murfreesboro, Tenn.) 1920-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  72. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Brown 1982, p. 209.
  73. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 109, ¶ 1129.
  74. ↑ "About The block bulletin. (Nashville, Tenn.) 194?-195?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  75. 1 2 3 4 "About Capitol city defender. (Nashville, Tenn.) 1963-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  76. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 154, ¶ 1606.
  77. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 385, ¶ 4026.
  78. 1 2 3 "About The colored Tennessean. [online resource] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1865-1866". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  79. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 385, ¶ 4027.
  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Brown 1982, p. 207.
  81. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 386, ¶ 4028.
  82. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 204, ¶ 2132.
  83. 1 2 3 "About Nashville globe and independent. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 193?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  84. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 386, ¶ 4029.
  85. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Brown 1982, p. 208.
  86. 1 2 3 4 "About The Nashville globe. [online resource] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1906-193?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  87. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 274, ¶ 2877.
  88. ↑ "About The herald examiner. (Nashville, Tenn.) 1976-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  89. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 294, ¶ 3094.
  90. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 386, ¶ 4030.
  91. ↑ "About Nashville independent. (Nashville, Tenn.) 1931-193?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  92. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 362, ¶ 3788.
  93. 1 2 "About Metropolitan times. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 198?-1997". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  94. 1 2 3 "About Metropolitan weekly. ([Nashville, Tenn.) 1980-198?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  95. 1 2 3 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 363, ¶ 3801.
  96. ↑ "About The mid-state observer. (Nashville, Tenn.) 1978-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  97. 1 2 3 "About Neighborhood times. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1959-1962". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  98. 1 2 "About Nashville news-star. (Nashville, Tenn.) 1960-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  99. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 386, ¶ 4032.
  100. 1 2 "About Nashville pride. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1988-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  101. ↑ Pride Publishing Group. "Nashville Pride Newspaper, Nashville Community Newspaper" . Retrieved 2020-02-10. The Nashville PRIDE newspaper was founded on January 15, 1988 by Dr. Larry D. Davis and Dr. Cynthia E. Hodge.
  102. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 386, ¶ 4033.
  103. 1 2 3 4 5 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 556, ¶ 5807.
  104. 1 2 3 "About The colored Tennessean. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1865-1866". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  105. 1 2 3 4 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 556, ¶ 5809.
  106. 1 2 3 "About Times mirror Tennessee. (Nashville, Tenn.) 1997-1998". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  107. 1 2 Danky & Hady 1998, p. 557, ¶ 5811.
  108. 1 2 "About The urban journal. (Nashville, TN) 1998-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  109. ↑ "About Nashville world. (Nashville, Tenn.) 193?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
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