List of British regional nicknames

Last updated

In addition to formal demonyms, many nicknames are used for residents of the different settlements and regions of the United Kingdom. For example, natives and residents of Liverpool are formally referred to as Liverpudlians, but are most commonly referred to as Scousers (after their local dish). Some, but not all, of these nicknames may be derogatory. Many derive from sports clubs, especially football ones.[ citation needed ] Involved demonyms tend to attract offensive parodies.[ citation needed ]

Contents

A–B

Aberdeen  : Aberdonians (demonym), Dorics, Donians (Aberdeen F. C. football team are nicknamed The Dons), Sheep-shaggers (pejorative) [1]
Accrington  : Akkies, Ringpieces (pejorative) [2]
Acle  : Asses [3]
Alton  : Brewers (after the former industry) [4]
Aldbourne  : Dabchicks [5]
Arbroath  : Red Lichties, Lichties, Codheids [6]
Arundel  : Mullets [7]
Bacup  : Buttercups, [8]
Barnsley  : Colliers, [5] Barnzolians (demonym)
Barnstaple  : Barneys (pejorative when alluding to Barney Rubble of the Flintstones) [9]
Barnoldswick  : Barlickers [10]
Belfast  : McCooeys (from a radio series featuring a family of that name), [11] Dunchers (refers to a type of cap) [12]
Berwick-upon-Tweed: Tweedsiders, Wee Gers (from the football club, Berwick Rangers F. C.), Smacks (refers to a type of boat) [13]
Bideford  : Biddies, Little Whiteys (from the town's nickname “Little White Town”, falsely deprecated owing to apparent racist connotation) [14]
Birkenhead  : Birkos, One-eyes, Plastic Scousers (or Plazzies) [15]
Birmingham  : Brummies [16] [5]
Black Country  : Yam Yams [5] [17]
Blackburn  : Dodos [18] [5]
Blackpool  : sandgronians, [5] Blackpudlians (demonym)
Bognor Regis  : Boggers, Bog Buggers (pejorative, alludes to the last words of King George V) [19]
Bolton  : Trotters (originally a football term, it is now used to describe anyone from Bolton and surrounding area), Noblot (collective noun, anagram for Bolton) [20]
Bootle  : Bootlickers, Bugs-in-Clogs [21]
Bradford-on-Avon  : Gudgeons [18] [5]
Bridgwater  : Smellophaners [22]
Bridport  : Ropeys (after the former rope-making industry), Silly Bees (from the Bridport F. C. football club) [23]
Brighton  : Brightonian - pronounced Bri-tonian, Jugs (archaic), [24]
Bristol  : Bristolians, Brizzlies, Wurzels, Piss-tools (pejorative) [25]
Britain  : Limeys in Canada and the United States: [26] Pommies in Australia and New Zealand: [27] Les Rosbifs in France [28]
Tommy, Island Monkey in Germany [29]
Broadstairs  : Bradstows (former name) [30]
Buckie  : Blethers, Tonics (from Buckfast Tonic Wine) [31]
Burgess Hill  : Buggers-Holes [32]
Burnley  : Burnleyites (demonym), Dingles (pejorative, by people from other Lancashire towns, notably Blackburn. From a family in the Emmerdale soap opera, set in Yorkshire) [33]
Bury  : Shakers (originally a football term, it is now used to describe anyone from Bury and surrounding area) [34]

C–D

Caernarfon  : Cofi [35]
Caithness  : Gallach [36]
Calne  : Lilywhites (from Calne Town F. C. football club), Sausages (from former industry) [37]
Ceredigion  : Cardi [38] [5]
Chatham  : Chavs [39]
Chesterfield  : Spireites [40]
Chippenham  : Ham-and-Chips, Washbasins (from town nickname of Little Bath) [41]
Cleethorpes  : Meggies [42]
Clevedon  : Clefts [43]
Colerne  : Hoof-polishers [44] [5]
Congleton  : Beartowners, [45]
Copthorne  : Yellow-bellies [18] [5]
Crawley  : Creepy Crawlies, Insects [46]
Darwen  : Darreners (from old pronunciation) [47]
Derby  : Derbians, Bockers, [48]
Dorset  : Dorset Knobs (from the famous biscuit), Dumplings [49]
Dumfries  : Doonhamers, [5] Queenies (after the Queen of the South F. C. football club) [50]
Dundee  : Dundonians (demonym), Coagies [18] [5] [5]
Duns  : Dingers [51]

E–G

Eastbourne  : Winnicks or Willicks (dialect name of a guillemot or wild person), [52]
East Kilbride  : Polo Mints (the town has too many roundabouts) [53]
England  : Sassenachs (used by Scottish and Irish: Anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic word "Sasannach", meaning "Saxon"), Sassies, Red Coats, Inglish, [54] Poms (Australia)
Epsom  : Salts, Shitters (the spa water contains Epsom salts -a drastic purgative. [55]
Essex  : Essex Calves (archaic), [56]
Exmouth  : Sex-bots [57]
Falkirk  : Bairns
Fife  : Fifers, Canny Fifers [58] (in reference to a supposed unscrupulous nature)
Forfar  : Brosies, [59] Loons (particularly Forfar Athletic supporters)
Fraserburgh  : Brochers [60] [5] (not to be confused with people from Burghead), Puddlestinkers [31]
Frinton-on-Sea  : Master Gaters (pejorative: the town used to hide behind a set of railway crossing gates), Incontinents (from the old tag “Harwich for the Continent, Frinton for the Incontinent”) [61]
Galashiels  : Pail Merks, Pailies [5] (from the claim that Gala was the last major town in Scotland to have plumbing or running water, and so used buckets as toilets) [62]
Galloway  : Gallovidians (demonym), Galwegians (demonym, also used for Galway)
Glasgow  : Glaswegian, Keelies, [63] [64] Weegies [65] [5]
Gosport  : Turks [66]
Great Harwood  : Turbans (the town used to weave them) [67]
Great Yarmouth  : Yarcos [68]
Guernsey  : Les Ânes [5]

H–K

Hailsham  : Stringers (from former rope and string industry) [69]
Harpenden  : Harps, Hard-ons (from old pronunciation “Harden”. [70] Acronym HARPENDEN Hot And Randy Persons Enjoying Naked Delights Every Night)
Hartlepool  : Poolies, Monkey Hangers [5] [71]
Harwich  : Shrimpers (from the Harwich & Parkeston F. C. football club)
Haverfordwest  : Long-necks [72]
Hawick  : Teris [73]
Haydock  : Yickers [74]
Hazel Grove  : Bullocks (the original name was Bullock Smithy), [75]
Hertford  : Her-farts [76]
Heswall  : Hezzies
Hexham  : Birnies [77]
Heywood  : Monkeys [78]
Highlands and Islands (of Scotland) : Teuchters, used by other Scots and sometimes applied by Greater Glasgow natives to anyone speaking in a dialect other than Glaswegian
Hinckley  : Tin Hatters [79]
Inverness  : Sneckies [80]
Isle of Wight  : Caulkhead [5]
Jedburgh  : Jetharts, Jeddarts, Jobbies [81]
Jersey  : Les Crapauds [5]
Kilbarchan  : Habbies [82]
Kent  : Long-Tails [5]

L

Lauder  : Lousies [81]
Leeds  : Leodensian (demonyn), Loiners [83] [5]
Leicestershire  : Rat-eyes, Chisits, Beanbellys, [5] Leicesterites [84]
Leigh  : Leythers, Lobby Gobblers (from lobby) [85] [5]
Lincolnshire  : Yellow Bellies [5] (after pool frogs once common in the Lincolnshire and East Anglian Fens) [86]
Linlithgow  : Black Bitches, from the burgh coat of arms
Littlehampton  : LA, from the local accent being unable to pronounce the 'h' in Hampton [87]
Liverpool  : Liverpudlian (demonym), Lillipudlian, Scousers (from the stew known as scouse), [88] [89] [5]
Plastic Scousers or Plazzies (a person who falsely claims to be from Liverpool)
Woolybacks or Wools (a person from the surrounding areas of Liverpool, [5] especially St Helens, Warrington, Widnes, or the Wirral)<
Llanelli  : Turks [90] [5]
London  : Cockneys (Traditionally those born within the sound of the bells of St Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside), Londoners
Lossiemouth  : Codheids, Gollachs (meaning an earwig) [91]
Lowestoft  : Puds [18] [5]
Luton  : Hatters, Looneys, Harpic Dodgers (pejorative, equating the town to a toilet -a brand of one named after the town does exist, made by Johnson Suisse) [92]

M–N

Macclesfield  : Maxies, [93]
Mansfield  : Mannies, Stags, Deer Botherers, Scabs - offensive, linked to the divisions during the UK miners' strike (1984–1985). [40]
Malmesbury  : Jackdaws, [5] Smarmies, Marmites [94]
Middlesbrough  : Smoggies. [95]
Middleton  : Moonrakers, Piddly Middlies (pejorative) [96]
Millport, Great Cumbrae  : Millportonian (demonym) [97]
Morecambe  : Sandgronians [18] [5]
Nantwich  : Dabbers, [98] [5]
Newcastle-under-Lyme  : Not-pots (no pottery industry there, and the town has denied any connection with Stoke) [99]
Newcastle upon Tyne  : Geordies [5]
Newquay  : Peppermints (from the Newquay A.F.C. football club), Blisters (from the old Cornish name of Towan Blystra) [100]
Norfolk  : Norfolk Dumplings ("Dumplings being a favourite food in that county"), [101]
North Wales  : Gogs [102] North Walians [5]
Northampton  : Cobblers [5]
Nuneaton: Codders, Treacle Towners [103] [5]

O–R

Oswaldtwistle  : Gobbins (but only "above the lamp") [104]
Padiham  : Thick Necks [5] [18]
Paisley  : Buddies [105] [5]
Peacehaven  : Plotters, [106]
Peterhead  : Bluemogganers, [5] Blue Tooners [107]
Plymouth  : Janners. Originally a person who spoke with a Devon accent, [108] [109] now simply any West Countryman. [108] In naval slang (where the place is referred to as Guz [110] ), this is specifically a person from Plymouth. [109]
Portsmouth  : Pompey (collective, shared by the city, the naval base and the football club), Skates (pejorative, alluding to frustrated sailors raping skates) [111]
Reedham  : Rats [3]
Rochdale  : Bulldogs, [96]
Rye  :Mudlarks [112]

S

St Albans  : Snorbennies, [113]
St Helens  : Nellies, Woollybacks [114]
Scotland  : Scotties, Jocks, [115] Macs, Sweaties (offensive: from rhyming slang "Sweaty Sock" for Jock).
Seaford  : Shags (alludes to the bird, not the act) [116]
Selkirk  : Souters
Shaw  : Gorbies [117]
Sheffield  : Dee Dars, [5] North Midlanders, Steelmekkers [18]
Skye  : Sgitheanachs
Slough  : Sluffers, Paludians (Latin: Slough means "marsh") [118]
Stoke-on-Trent  : Potters, Clay Heads, Jug Heads [5]
Sunderland  : Mackems [5] [119]
Sutherland  : Cattach
Swansea  : Jacks [5]

T–V

Tarbert, Kintyre  : Dookers [5]
Tideswell  : Tidsas [93]
Torquay  : Orcs [120]
Totnes  : Tot-Ness-Monsters [121]
Trowbridge  : Knobs [5] [18]
Upavon  : Jacks [5]

W

Wales  : Taffs [Mid/West Welsh] (sometimes considered offensive), [122] Taffies. [123]
Walsall  : Saddlers [5]
Warrington  : Wirepullers (after the local wire industry), [5] Wazzas, Wires, [124] Woolybacks or Wools (in Liverpool)
Wednesfield  : Wedgies, [93]
West Bromwich  : Baggies [125]
Westhoughton  : Keawyeds or Cowheads [5]
Whitehaven  : Jam Eater, Marra [5]
Wick  : Durdy Weekers, [126] Wickers
Wigan  : Pie-eaters [127]
Wiltshire  : Moonrakers [5]
Worthing  : Pork Bolters [112]

Y

York  : Yorkies [5]
Yorkshire  : Tykes, Yorkies [5]

See also

Citations

  1. ↑ Bisset, Roddy: Aberdeen Football Fans, The Glory Hunter, The True Fan and the Motivational Role of the 12th Man, St Andrews University SAEE Article 2013 p. 10
  2. ↑ Langdale, M.R: Time Transfer 2019 p.161
  3. 1 2 Notes and Queries Vol 7 1853 p. 452
  4. ↑ Richmond and Turton: The Brewing Industry 1990 p. 121
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Morris, Jill. "From Dodos to Dee Dars - Discover Your Ancestors - There are countless nicknames for people who hail from different areas of the UK. They even have their own collective name: demonyms. Jill Morris investigates" . Retrieved 13 November 2025.
  6. ↑ McBain, J: Arbroath Past and Present 1887, Preface iii
  7. ↑ Black's Guide to Sussex 1861 p. 601
  8. ↑ Eichler et al.: Namenforschung / Name Studies 2008 p. 1753
  9. ↑ Herbert, Tim: From Barney to Beach, North Devon Gazette August 23rd 2024
  10. ↑ "Barlicker Creates Facebook Page". Lancashire Telegraph. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  11. ↑ Hamilton, P: Up The Shankhill 1979 p. 105
  12. ↑ Storey, M. L: Representing the Troubles in Irish Short Fiction 2004 p. 110
  13. ↑ Denham, M. A: The Denham Tracts 1895 p. 5
  14. ↑ Billing, J: The Hidden Places of Devon 2005 p. 85
  15. ↑ Crowley, T: The Liverpool English Dictionary 2017 p. 169
  16. ↑ "Brummie", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 95)
  17. ↑ "Wolverhampton researches Black Country dialect". The Guardian. 27 January 2003. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Morris, J: From Dodos to Dee Dars, The Genealogist Magazine, Feb 2014
  19. ↑ Fletcher, C: A Boy Soldier For the Queen 2008 p. 8
  20. ↑ Timbs, J: English Eccentrics and Eccentricities 1875 p. 319
  21. ↑ Crowley, T: The Liverpool English Dictionary 2017 p. 245
  22. ↑ Dean, M: The Little History of Somerset 2020 p. 86
  23. ↑ Speed, P: Dorset, A County History 1994 p. 123
  24. ↑ Augustus Hare: Sussex 1894 p. 136
  25. ↑ Johnson, P: Straight Outa Bristol 1997 p. 128
  26. ↑ "limey", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 401)
  27. ↑ "pommy", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 506&ndash:507)
  28. ↑ "Why do the French call the British 'the roast beefs'?". BBC News Online . 3 April 2003. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  29. ↑ "Few laughs for 'humorous' Kraut". BBC News Online. 24 October 2001. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  30. ↑ Barlow, P: Broadstairs Past and Present 1882 p. 3
  31. 1 2 McColl Millar, R: Lexical Variation and Attrition in the Scottish Fishing Industry 2014 p. 146
  32. ↑ Calder, J: Not Nebuchadnezzar 2005 p. 101
  33. ↑ Lavic, E: The Linguistics of Football 2008 p. 239
  34. ↑ Dobson, B: Lancashire Nicknames and Sayings 1973 p. 22
  35. ↑ Davis, R: Sex, Sects and Society 2018 p. 354
  36. ↑ Transactions of the Gaelic Society. Gaelic Society of Inverness. 1907. p.  97 . Retrieved 30 September 2010. Gallach caithness.
  37. ↑ Official Guide to the County of Wiltshire 1961 p. 106
  38. ↑ "Cardi", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 119)
  39. ↑ Yvette Taylor: Classed Intersections 2016 p. 109
  40. 1 2 Emery, Jay (1 January 2018). "Belonging, memory and history in the north Nottinghamshire coalfield". Journal of Historical Geography. 59: 77–89. doi: 10.1016/j.jhg.2017.11.004 . hdl: 2381/42989 .
  41. ↑ Durman, R: Classical Buildings of Wiltshire and Bath 2000 p. 77
  42. ↑ Dutton, G: Ancient and Modern Skegness and District 1932 p. 135
  43. ↑ Campbell, R: Clevedon, Medieval Manor to Victorian Resort 2009 p. 7
  44. ↑ People's and Howitt's Journal 1846 p. 156
  45. ↑ Head, R: Congleton Past and Present, 1887, p.67
  46. ↑ "MOST Crawley residents have probably, at some time, referred to the town by its well-known nickname – Creepy Crawley". This Is Sussex. 20 October 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  47. ↑ Laxton, P: Darwen Born and Blackburn Bred 2016 p. 7
  48. ↑ "Derby Tramp Bocker Wright". Derbyshire Live. December 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
  49. ↑ Hillian, D: The Little Book of Dorset 2010 p. 95
  50. ↑ Black, C. S: The Scots Magazine Vol. 96 1971 p. 524
  51. ↑ Denham, J: Duns, Burgh on the Merse 2016 p. 26
  52. ↑ Wales, Tony (2000). Sussex as She Wus Spoke, a Guide to the Sussex Dialect. Seaford: SB Publications. ISBN   978-1-85770-209-5.
  53. ↑ Crawford, R: A Scottish Assembly 1990 p. 29
  54. ↑ "Sassenach", (Robinson 1985, pp. 581)
  55. ↑ Brayley, E. Wedlake: A Topographical History of Surrey 1850 p.189
  56. ↑ Apperson et al.: Dictionary of Proverbs ed. 2006 p. 176
  57. ↑ Blackstone, M: Exeter City Down the Years 2012 p. 53
  58. ↑ "Fife n.". Dictionary of the Scots Language. 2004. Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd. Accessed 23 Sep 2025
  59. ↑ Chambers, R: Popular Rhymes of Scotland 1863 p. 278
  60. ↑ Room, Adrian (2003). Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for over 5000 natural features, countries, capitals, territories, cities, and historic sites. McFarland. p. 426. ISBN   978-0-7864-1814-5.
  61. ↑ Nash, W: The Language of Humour 2014 p. 14
  62. ↑ "Borders Islamic Society on Galashiels" . Retrieved 12 March 2025.
  63. ↑ Brewer, E. Cobham. "Nicknames". Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Retrieved 29 September 2010– via Bartleby.com.
  64. ↑ "keelie", (Robinson 1985, pp. 335)
  65. ↑ Castillo, Michelle (20 August 2009). "Off the Brochure Travel Guide: Glasgow, Scotland". Peter Greenberg Travel Detective. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  66. ↑ "Turk Town" . Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  67. ↑ Pagnamenta & Overy: All Our Working Lives 1984 p. 31
  68. ↑ Dalzell & Victor: Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang 2014 p. 853
  69. ↑ Phillips & Smith: South-East From 1000 AD 2014 p. 315
  70. ↑ The Correspondence of Nathan Walworth and Peter Seddon of Outwood 1880 p. 70
  71. ↑ "The Hartlepool Monkey, Who hung the monkey?". This is Hartlepool. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  72. ↑ Davies, H: Spies, Lies and Consequences 2014 p. 26
  73. ↑ "Dictionaries of the Scots Language -Teri" . Retrieved 12 March 2025.
  74. ↑ Dobson, B: Lancashire Nicknames and Sayings 1973 p. 37
  75. ↑ Advertiser Notes and Queries Volumes 1-2 1882 p. 16
  76. ↑ Knowles, J: How Sex Got Screwed Up 2019 p. 868
  77. ↑ Watson, G: The Roxburghshire Word Book 2013 p. 170
  78. ↑ Dawson, Chris. "Hey, Hey, We're Monkey Town". Ten Thousand Years in Monkey Town.
  79. ↑ Henderson, E: Milestones of Hinckley 1981 p. 52
  80. ↑ Morton, T: Guttered 1999 p. 23
  81. 1 2 Chambers, R: Popular Rhymes of Scotland 1863 p. 283
  82. ↑ Ritson, J: The Caledonian Muse 1821 p. 197
  83. ↑ "Loiner", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 406)
  84. ↑ Evans, Arthur Benoni (1881). Evans, Sebastian (ed.). Leicestershire Words, Phrases, and Proverbs (enlarged ed.). London: N. Trübner for English Dialect Society. p. 101.
  85. ↑ Hughes, G: The Lost Foods of England 2017 p. 93
  86. ↑ Brewer, E. Cobham. "Yellow-belly". Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Retrieved 30 September 2010– via Bartleby.com.
  87. ↑ Thorpe, Annabelle (27 February 2024). "Guardian article: Wicked Littlehampton". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  88. ↑ Fazakerley, p. 24
  89. ↑ "Mickey Mouse" - rhyming slang for "Scouse", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 429)
  90. ↑ Criddle, B: The Almanac of British Politics 2005 p. 408
  91. ↑ Millar, R. McColl: Lexical Variation and Attrition in the Scottish Fishing Industry, 2014, p. 143
  92. ↑ "Johnson Suisse, Luton WC" . Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  93. 1 2 3 Notes and Queries 1894 p. 94
  94. ↑ Akroyd & McEwan: Swoop, Sing, Perch, Paddle 2024 p. 14
  95. ↑ Harley, Shaun (16 July 2007). "I was made in Middlesbrough". BBC News Online. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  96. 1 2 The Contemporary Review Vol 201 1962 p. 84
  97. ↑ Lyon, Adam (24 April 2021). "Heritage centre to play key role in new Millport Town Hall". Largs & Millport Weekly News. Retrieved 3 September 2025.
  98. ↑ White, Jonathan (3 May 2020). "A Dabber Debate - what's your preferred derivation?". Nantwich News. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  99. ↑ "Stoke-on-Trent Bill: Extension of the City". The Times. 2 May 1930.
  100. ↑ The Cornish Magazine Vol. 1 1898 p. 145
  101. ↑ Grose. "Dictionary of the vulgar tongue". Words from old books. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  102. ↑ "gog", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 295)
  103. ↑ Kieran and Jordison: Crap Towns Returns 2013 p. 103
  104. ↑ LA Record Vol 100 p. 431
  105. ↑ "Paisley Buddies". Paisley Scotland. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  106. ↑ Miles, M: Paradoxical Urbanism 2020 p. 41
  107. ↑ McColl Millar, R: Lexical Variation and Attrition in the Scottish Fishing Industry 2014 p. 141
  108. 1 2 "janner", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 363)
  109. 1 2 Tawney, Cyril (1987). "Glossary". Grey funnel lines: traditional song & verse of the Royal Navy, 1900&ndash:1970. Taylor & Francis. p. 167. ISBN   978-0-7102-1270-2.
  110. ↑ "Plymouth's nickname 'Guz' and the reasons behind it". Plymouth Live. 29 September 2019.
  111. ↑ Harvey and Stowger: Rivals 2004 p. 134
  112. 1 2 Arscott, David (2006). Wunt Be Druv - A Salute to the Sussex Dialect. Countryside Books. ISBN   978-1-84674-006-0.
  113. ↑ Bishop, J: The Illustrated Counties of England 1985 p. 34
  114. ↑ "Who are the woollybacks?". St Helens Star. 9 February 2006. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  115. ↑ "jock", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 369)
  116. ↑ Fort, T: Channel Shore 2015 p. 76
  117. ↑ Dobson, B: Lancashire Nicknames and Sayings 1973 p. 65
  118. ↑ Ash, R: Top Ten of Britain 2009 p. 132
  119. ↑ "Quiz: How Much of a Mackem are YOU?". Sunderland Echo . 4 January 2009. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  120. ↑ Blackstone, M: Exeter City Down the Years 2012 p. 55
  121. ↑ Blackstone, M: Exeter City Down the Years 2012 p. 56
  122. ↑ "taff", (Partridge, Dalzell & Victor 2007, pp. 369)
  123. ↑ Cf. the nursery rhyme "Taffy was a Welshman / Taffy was a thief / Taffy came to my house / To steal a piece of beef."
  124. ↑ Hayes, J: Celebrating Warrington 2022 p. 87
  125. ↑ Adams, D: The Essential Football Fan 2004 p. 59
  126. ↑ McColl Millar, R: Lexical Variation and Attrition in the Scottish Fishing Industry 2014 p. 142
  127. ↑ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). www.wigan.gov.uk.

References

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.