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Hillbilly is a term for people who dwell in rural, mountainous areas in the United States, primarily in the Appalachian region and Ozarks. As people migrated out of the region during the Great Depression, the term spread northward and westward with them.
The term Yankee and its contracted form Yank have several interrelated meanings, all referring to people from the United States. Their various meanings depend on the context, and may refer to New Englanders, the Northeastern United States, the Northern United States, or to people from the US in general.
Deaf-mute is a term which was used historically to identify a person who was either deaf and used sign language or both deaf and could not speak. The term continues to be used to refer to deaf people who cannot speak an oral language or have some degree of speaking ability, but choose not to speak because of the negative or unwanted attention atypical voices sometimes attract. Such people communicate using sign language. Some consider it to be a derogatory term if used outside its historical context; the preferred term today is simply deaf.
Jap is an English abbreviation of the word "Japanese". In some places, it is simply a contraction of the word and does not carry negative connotations, whereas in some other contexts it can be considered a slur.
This glossary of names for the British include nicknames and terms, including affectionate ones, neutral ones, and derogatory ones to describe British people, Irish People and more specifically English, Welsh, Scottish and Northern Irish people. Many of these terms may vary between offensive, derogatory, neutral and affectionate depending on a complex combination of tone, facial expression, context, usage, speaker and shared past history.
Jafa is a slang term for a resident of Auckland, New Zealand. It is an acronym, standing for Just Another Fucking Aucklander. This prejudice against Aucklanders started to appear around the 1900s, when Premier Richard John Seddon referred to Aucklanders as "Rangitoto Yanks," and is considered to be representative of the boorishness of Aucklanders, or the envy of the rest of New Zealand, depending on the perspective. The term is also misspelled as Jaffa, a chocolate confection from Dunedin, and is often used in sentences which render the original term useless in the grammatical sense. The term has wider currency than the earlier derogatory term "Rangitoto Yank". A variant is Jaffa, Just Another Fuckwit From Auckland.
Gweilo or gwailou is a common Cantonese slang term for Westerners. In the absence of modifiers, it refers to white people and has a history of racially deprecatory and pejorative use. Cantonese speakers frequently use gwailou to refer to Westerners in general use, in a non-derogatory context, although whether this type of usage is offensive is disputed by both Cantonese and Westerners.
Bogan is Australian and New Zealand slang for a person whose speech, clothing, attitude and behaviour are considered unrefined or unsophisticated. Depending on the context, the term can be pejorative or self-deprecating. The prevalence of the term bogan has also been associated with changing social attitudes towards social class in Australia.
Cheesehead is a nickname in the United States for a person from Wisconsin or for a fan of the Green Bay Packers.
Yokel is one of several derogatory terms referring to the stereotype of unsophisticated country people. The term is of uncertain etymology and is only attested from the early 19th century on.
In linguistics, reappropriation, reclamation, or resignification is the cultural process by which a group reclaims words or artifacts that were previously used in a way disparaging of that group. It is a specific form of a semantic change. Linguistic reclamation can have wider implications in the fields of discourse and has been described in terms of personal or sociopolitical empowerment.
Beaner is a derogatory slur originally from the United States to refer to individuals from Mexico or of Mexican American heritage. It originates from the bean being a staple ingredient in Mexican cuisine, such as Salsa Verde Soup or Bean Quesadilla.
Redneck is a derogatory term mainly, but not exclusively, applied to white Americans perceived to be crass and unsophisticated, closely associated with rural whites of the Southern United States.
Wog is a racial slur used to refer, in British English, to black and South Asian people, and, in Australian English, to people from the Mediterranean region. Whilst it is extremely derogatory in British English, in Australian English it may be considered non-offensive depending on how the word is used, due to reclamation and changing connotations.
In medicine, the adjective spastic refers to an alteration in muscle tone affected by the medical condition spasticity, which is a well-known symptomatic phenomenon seen in patients with a wide range of central neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as conditions such as "spastic colon." The word is derived via Latin from the Greek spastikos.
Diminutive forms of words are commonly used in everyday Australian English. While many dialects of English make use of diminutives and hypocorisms, Australian English uses them more extensively than any other. Diminutives may be seen as slang, but many are used widely across the whole of society. Some forms have also spread outside Australia to other English-speaking countries. There are over 5,000 identified diminutives in use in Australian English.
References
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- 1 2 Green, p. 27.
- ↑ The Australian Oxford Dictionary, 2nd edition. Ed. Bruce Moore. (Oxford University Press, 2004) [Accessed 6 May 2006].
- ↑ The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Katherine Barber. (Oxford University Press: 2004) [Accessed 8 May 2006]
- ↑ Mead, Julia C. (2002-09-22). "New York Times: In East Hampton, the Way of a 'Lost Tribe' - New York Times - September 22, 2002". The New York Times . Retrieved 2010-11-01.
- ↑ Time online: Brummie accent is perceived as 'worse than silence'
- ↑ "Why is Ohio known as the Buckeye State and why are Ohioans known as Buckeyes?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-28. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
- ↑ "Rapid Fire - Episode Twenty Five - Rapid Fire - Can We Help - ABC TV". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on 2007-02-24.
- ↑ Irving Lewis Allen (1990). Unkind Words: Ethnic Labeling from Redskin to WASP, pp 59, 61–62. New York: Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 0-89789-217-8.
- ↑ Sánchez Ramírez, Roberto. "El general que trajo a los primeros catrachos". La Prensa (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2007-11-10. Retrieved 2007-11-27.
- ↑ "Best Fans in the NFL | Football | Pictures | Raiders Nation | Cheeseheads". Kidzworld.com. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
- ↑ "Etimologia de CHILANGO". Etimologias.dechile.net. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
- ↑ Phil Staley (13 June 2012). "The origin of the term 'cockroach'". ABC Local .
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-06-21.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Official Queen of the South Site".
- ↑ The ugly Illinoisan, Chicago Tribune, 2003
- ↑ Anne R. Kaplan, They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State's Ethnic Groups, (1981)
- ↑ "Northwest Michigan". National Geographic Society . Retrieved 22 April 2010.
- ↑ Braj B. Kachru, Kachru/Kachru/Sridhar (27 March 2008). Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 476. ISBN 9780521781411.
- ↑ Tony Puryear (12 May 2015). Concrete Park Volume 2: R-E-S-P-E-C-T. Dark Horse Comics. CONCRETE PARK TERMS AND SLANG - G. ISBN 9781630081454.
- ↑ Evelyn Richter (20 Feb 2006). "STUDENT SLANG AT IIT MADRAS: A LINGUISTIC FIELD STUDY" (PDF). p. 97,98. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2006.
- ↑ "Hidrocálidodigital.com". Empresa Editorial de Aguascalientes S.A. de C.V. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ↑ "Loiner". www.diligentdesign.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-06-15.
- ↑ Sampson, Susan (22 December 2007). "Pleasing polenta | The Star". Toronto Star . Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
- ↑ Barber, "Spud Island", [Accessed 7 May 2006].
- ↑ "South Wales: Invisible Homeland". The Economist. 2008-08-06. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
- ↑ "Australian Phrasebook", by Denise Angelo, Sue Butler, p. 61
- ↑ Parrish, P. J. (2007). "Somebody's Daughter". A Thousand Bones. Simon and Schuster. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-4165-2587-5 . Retrieved August 26, 2008.
A troll was what people from Michigan's Upper Peninsula called anyone who lived "below the bridge," the five-mile-long span that connected the Upper and Lower peninsulas.
- ↑ Veit-Wild, Flora (2009). "'Zimbolicious' – The Creative Potential of Linguistic Innovation: The Case of Shona-English in Zimbabwe". Journal of Southern African Studies. 35 (3): 683–697. doi:10.1080/03057070903101896. S2CID 144241693.
- ↑ "Swamp Yankees of Southern New England". Geni.com. Retrieved 2014-11-19.
- ↑ AskOxford: yokel
Gatos People born in Madrid