List of Ediacaran genera

The existence of animal life before the Cambrian had long been the subject of debate in paleontology. The apparent suddenness of the Cambrian explosion had no explanation, and Charles Darwin himself recognized the challenge it posed for his theory of evolution. ^[1] While reports of Precambrian organisms have been made since Alexander Murray's 1868 discovery of Aspidella , it wasn't until the discovery of Charnia in 1956 that considerable evidence of Precambrian life had been presented. ^[2]

The period immediately preciding the Cambrian, the Ediacaran, is now widely accepted of containing animal life. It spans from 635 to 540 million years ago, and covers approximately 2% of Earth's history. There is a current total of 243 described genera from the Ediacaran, 160 of which are confirmed to be valid.

Key

• Valid genus - Genera that have been confirmed to represent an organism
• Junior synonym - Alternative name for an already existing genus
• Unknown status - Unclear if it actually represents an organism
• Invalid - Have been found to not represent the remains of an organism, or are taphonomic varieties of other organisms

List

Name	Authors	Year	Affinity	Validity	Notes	Country
Albumares [3] [4]	Fedonkin	1976	Trilobozoa			Russia
Alienum [5]	Liu et al.	2024	Vetulicolia?			China
Amorphia [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Anabylia [7]	Vodanjuk	1989			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Andiva [8]	Fedonkin	2002	Proarticulata			Russia
Anfesta [9]	Fedonkin	1984	Trilobozoa			Russia
Annulatubus [10]	Calla A. Carbone et al.	2015				Canada
Annulusichnus [11]	Zhang	1986			Junior synonym of Gaojiashania , tubular fossil	China
Arborea [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966	Petalonamae		Was considered a junior synonym of Charniodiscus, now thought to be a colonial Eumetazoan unrelated to Rangeomorphs [13]	Australia
Archaeaspinus [14]	Ivantsov	2007	Proarticulata			Russia
Archaeichnium [15]	Glaessner	1963			Tubular conical fossil	Namibia
Archangelia [4] [16]	Fedonkin	1979			Bilaterally symmetric organism with ovoid shape, and midline axial zone. Junior synonym of Onegia nenoxa (according to Grazhdankin, Ph.D. ms.). [17] [18]	Russia
Arimasia [19]	Runnegar et al.	2024	Porifera		Early sponge, possibly a member of Archaeocyatha	Namibia
Arkarua [20]	Gehling	1987	Echinodermata?		Has 5-sided symmetry similar to modern echinoderms	Australia
Armillifera [4] [21]	Fedonkin	1980	Proarticulata			Russia
Arumberia [22]	Glaessner et Walter	1975				Australia
Askinica [23]	Bekker	1996			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Aspidella [24] [25]	Billings	1872			Biradial discoid fossil	Canada
Astra [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Atakia [26]	Palij	1979				Ukraine
Attenborites [27]	Droser et al.	2018				Australia
Auroralumina [28]	Dunn et al.	2022	Cnidaria			United Kingdom
Ausia [29]	Hahn et Pflug	1985				Namibia
Avalofractus [30]	Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler	2009	Petalonamae			Canada
Aviculaichnus [31]	Grytsenko	2009			Junior synonym of Nenoxites	Ukraine
Baikalina [32] [33]	Sokolov	1972			Junior synonym of Ernietta	Russia
Barmia [23]	Bekker	1996			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Beltanella [34]	Sprigg	1947			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Beltanelliformis [35]	Menner	1974	Cyanobacterial colony		Discoid fossil	Russia
Beltanelloides [32] [33]	Sokolov	1972			Nomen nudum, synonym of Beltanelliformis	Russia
Beothukis [36]	Brasier et Antcliffe	2009	Petalonamae			Canada
Bernashevia [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Bessarabia [37]	Gureev	1988			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Bilinichnus [16]	Fedonkin et Palij	1979	Trace fossil		Trace fossil or pseudofossil	Russia
Blackbrookia [38]	Boynton et Ford	1995			Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure	UK
Bomakellia [39]	Fedonkin	1985			Possible junior synonym of Rangea	Russia
Bonata [21] [40]	Fedonkin	1980				Russia
Brachina [41]	Wade	1972				Australia
Bradgatia [38]	Boynton et Ford	1995	Petalonamae			UK
Bronicella [42]	Zaika-Novatsky	1965			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Buchholzbrunnichnus [43]	Germs	1973				Namibia
Bunyerichnus [44]	Glaessner	1969			Pseudofossil [45]	Australia
Burykhia [46]	Fedonkin, Vickers-Rich, Swalla, Trusler et Hall	2012	Tunicata?			Russia
Calyptrina [47]	Sokolov	1965	Annelida?		Tubular fossil	Russia
Catellichnus [48]	Bekker	1989	Palaeopascichnid			Russia
Catenasphaerophyton [49]	Yan et al.	1992	Palaeopascichnid			China
Cephalonega [3]	Fedonkin	1976	Proarticulata			Russia
Charnia [50]	Ford	1958	Petalonamae			UK
Charniodiscus [50]	Ford	1958	Petalonamae			UK
Chondroplon [51]	Wade	1971			Probably a junior synonym of Dickinsonia	Australia
Cloudina [52]	Germs	1972	Annelida?		Tubular fossil	Namibia
Cocardia [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Conomedusites [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966	Cnidaria?			Australia
Conotubus [11] [53]	Zhang et Lin	1986			Tubular fossil	China
Coronacollina [54]	Clites, Droser et Gehling	2012	Porifera?			Australia
Corumbella [55]	Hahn, Hahn, Leonardos, Pflug et Walde	1982			Tubular fossil	Brazil
Costatubus [56]	Selly et al.	2020			Tubular fossil	USA
Cyanorus [57]	Ivantsov	2004	Proarticulata			Russia
Cyclomedusa [34]	Sprigg	1947			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Dactyloichnus [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Dickinsonia [34]	Sprigg	1947	Proarticulata			Australia
Ediacaria [34]	Sprigg	1947			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Elainabella [58]	Stephen M. Rowland and Margarita G. Rodriguez	2014	Viridiplantae?		Multicellular alga	USA
Elasenia [59]	Fedonkin	1983				Ukraine
Eoandromeda [60]	Tang, Yin, Bengtson, Liu, Wang et Gao	2008	Ctenophora?			China
Eocyathispongia [61]	Zongjun Yin et al.	2015	Porifera?		Small 3 chambered sponge-like organism	China
Eoporpita [41]	Wade	1972				Australia
Epibaion [62]	Ivantsov	2002	Trace fossil		Grazing traces of Proarticulata	Russia
Ernietta [63] [64]	Pflug	1966	Petalonamae			Namibia
Evmiaksia [9]	Fedonkin	1984			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Fedomia [65]	Serezhnikova et Ivantsov	2007	Porifera?			Russia
Flavostratum [66]	Serezhnikova	2013				Russia
Fractofusus [67] [68]	Gehling et Narbonne	2007	Petalonamae			Canada
Frondophyllas	Bamforth et Narbonne	2009	Petalonamae			Canada
Funisia [69]	Droser et Gehling	2008			Tubular fossil	Australia
Finkoella [70]	Andrej Martyshyn	2021			F. ucrainica is a Pseudofossil, however F. oblonga is of microbial origin	Ukraine
Ganarake [71]	Retallack	2022	Lichen?		First interpreted as tubestones, now thought to be earliest preserved remains of a Lichen	USA
Gaojiashania [11] [72]	Yang, Zhang et Lin	1986	Annelida?		Tubular fossil	China
Garania [23]	Bekker	1996			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Gehlingia [73]	McMenamin	1998				Australia
Gibbavasis [74]	Vaziri, Majidifard et Laflamme	2018	Tunicata?		Small, oval-shaped form similar to Ausia fenestrata	Iran
Gigarimaneta [75]	Taylor et al.	2021	Petalonamae			Canada
Glaessnerina [76]	Germs	1973			Junior synonym of Charnia	Australia
Gureevella	Menasova	2006				Ukraine
Hadrynichorde	Hofmann, O'Brien, et King	2008				Canada
Hagenetta [77]	Hahn et Pflug	1988			Junior synonym of Beltanelliformis	Namibia
Hallidaya	Wade	1969	Trilobozoa			Australia
Haootia	Liu et al.	2014	Cnidaria			Canada
Harlaniella [32] [33] [78]	Sokolov	1972	Vendotaenid		Tubular fossil	Ukraine
Hapsidophyllas	Bamforth et Narbonne	2009	Petalonamae			Canada
Helicolocellus [79]	Wang et al.	2024	Porifera		Likely a hexactinellid	China
Hiemalora [80]	Fedonkin	1982				Russia
Hylaecullulus [81]	Kenchington, Dunn & Wilby	2018	Petalonamae		Multifoliate Petalonamid similar to Primocandelabrum and Bradgatia.	UK
Ichnusa	Debrenne et Naud	1981	Cnidaria			Italy
Ikaria	Evans et al.	2020			Stem-bilateran	Australia
Inaria	Gehling	1987				Australia
Inkrylovia	Fedonkin	1979			Junior synonym of Onegia	Russia
Intrites [21]	Fedonkin	1980	Palaeopascichnid			Russia
Irridinitus [59]	Fedonkin	1983			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Ivesheadia [38]	Boynton et Ford	1995			Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure	UK
Ivovicia [14]	Ivantsov	2007	Proarticulata			Russia
Jampolium [37]	Gureev	1988			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Kaisalia [9]	Fedonkin	1984			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Karakhtia [82]	Ivantsov	2004	Proarticulata			Russia
Keretsa [83]	Ivantsov	2017				Russia
Khatyspytia [39]	Fedonkin	1985				Russia
Kimberella [12] [41] [84] [85]	Glaessner & Wade	1966	Mollusca?			Australia
Kimberichnus [86]	Ivantsov	2013	Trace fossil		Grazing traces of Kimberella	Russia
Komarovia [6]	Grytsenko	2016			Not to be confused with Komarovia, extant genus of flowering plant.	Ukraine
Kuibisia [29]	Hahn et Pflug	1985				Namibia
Kuckaraukia [87]	Razumovskiy, Ivantsov, Novikov et Korochantsev	2015				Russia
Lamonte [88]	Meyer, Xiao, Gill, Schiffbauer, Chen, Zhou et Yuan	2014	Trace fossil			China
Lantianella [89]	Wan et al.	2016			Putative animal, bears similarities to conulariids	China
Lobodiscus [90]	Zhao et al.	2024	Trilobozoa			China
Lomoziella [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Lomosovis [59]	Fedonkin	1983				Ukraine
Lorenzinites [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966			Junior synonym of Rugoconites	Australia
Lossinia [14]	Ivantsov	2007	Proarticulata			Russia
Madigania [91]	Sprigg	1949			Not Madigania (Whitley, 1945), replaced by the Spriggia	Australia
Mamsetia [92]	McIlroy et al.	2024	Cnidaria			Canada
Margaritiflabellum	Ivantsov	2014				Russia
Marywadea [93]	Glaessner	1976	Proarticulata			Australia
Mawsonites [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966				Australia
Medusina [91]	Sprigg	1949			Not Medusina (Walcott, 1898), replaced by the Medusinites	Australia
Medusinites [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Medvezichnus [39]	Fedonkin	1985	Trace fossil		Unique specimen of doubtful nature	Russia
Mezenia [94] [95]	Sokolov	1976				Russia
Mialsemia [39]	Fedonkin	1985			Junior synonym of Bomakellia (or Rangea )	Russia
Nadalina	Narbonne et Hofmann	1987			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Canada
Namacalathus [96]	Grotzinger, Watters, et Knoll	2000				Namibia
Namalia	Germs	1968				Namibia
Namamedusium	Zessin	2008			Junior synonym of Beltanelliformis	Namibia
Namapoikia	Wood, Grotzinger et Dickson	2002				Namibia
Nasepia [76]	Germs	1973				Namibia
Nemiana	Palij	1976			Junior synonym of Beltanelliformis	Ukraine
Nenoxites	Fedonkin	1976				Russia
Nilpenia [97]	Droser et al.	2014				Australia
Nimbia [21]	Fedonkin	1980				Russia
Noffkarkys [98]	Retallack and Broz	2020				Australia
Obamus	Dzaugis, Evans, Droser, Gehling et Hughes	2018				Australia
Olgerdina [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Onegia [94]	Sokolov	1976				Russia
Orbisiana [94]	Sokolov	1976	Palaeopascichnid			Russia
Orthogonium [99] [100] [101]	Gürich	1930				Namibia
Otavia [102]	Brain et al.	2012	Porifera?			Namibia
Ovatoscutum [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966	Proarticulata			Australia
Palaeopascichnus [103]	Palij	1976	Palaeopascichnid			Ukraine
Palaeophragmodictya [104]	Gehling et Rigby	1996				Australia
Palaeospinther [105]	Menasova	2003				Ukraine
Palaeoplatoda [106]	Fedonkin	1979				Russia
Paliella [21]	Fedonkin	1980			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Russia
Pambikalbae	Jenkins et Nedin	2007				Australia
Papillionata [34]	Sprigg	1947	Proarticulata		Junior synonym of Dickinsonia	Australia
Paracharnia	Sun	1986				China
Paramedusium [99] [100] [101]	Gürich	1933			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Namibia
Paravendia [57]	Ivantsov	2004	Proarticulata			Russia
Parvancorina [107]	Glaessner	1958				Australia
Parviscopa	Hofmann, O'Brien et King	2008				Canada
Pectinifrons [108]	Bamforth, Narbonne et Anderson	2008				Canada
Persimedusites	Hahn et Pflug	1980				Iran
Petalostoma	Pflug	1973			Rejected as valid taxon	Namibia
Phyllozoon	Jenkins et Gehlig	1978	Proarticulata			Australia
Piyuania [89]	Wan et al.	2016			Putative animal, bears similarities to Cnidaria	China
Planomedusites [33]	Sokolov	1972			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Platypholinia [39]	Fedonkin	1985				Russia
Plexus [109]	Joel, Droser & Gehling	2014	Bilateria		Although more studies are needed, it has been identified as bilaterian.	Australia
Podolimirus [59]	Fedonkin	1983	Proarticulata			Ukraine
Podoliina	Gureev	1988			Junior synonym of Nenoxites	Ukraine
Pollukia	Gureev	1987			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Pomoria	Fedonkin	1980			Junior synonym of Tribrachidium	Russia
Praecambridium [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966	Proarticulata			Australia
Primocandelabrum	Hofmann, O'Brien et King	2008				Canada
Propalaeolina	Menasova	2006			Tubular fossil	Ukraine
Protechiurus [110]	Glaessner	1979				Namibia
Protodipleurosoma [91]	Sprigg	1949			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Protoniobea [91]	Sprigg	1949			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Pseudohiemaloraichnus	Grytsenko	2009			Junior synonym of Nenoxites	Ukraine
Pseudorhizostomites [91]	Sprigg	1949			Problematic biogenic structure	Australia
Pseudorhopilema [91]	Sprigg	1949			Junior synonym of Pseudorhizostomites	Australia
Pseudovendia [111]	Boynton et Ford	1979			Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structures	UK
Pteridinium [99]	Gürich	1933	Petalonamae			Namibia
Qianchuania [89]	Wan et al.	2016			Putative animal, bears similarities to Cnidaria	China
Quaestio [112]	Evans et al.	2024				Australia
Ramellina [21]	Fedonkin	1980				Russia
Rangea [99] [100] [101]	Gürich	1929	Petalonamae			Namibia
Redkinia	Sokolov	1977				Russia
Rugoconites [12]	Glaessner et Wade	1966				Australia
Saarina	Sokolov	1965			Tubular fossil	Russia
Seirisphaera	Chen, Xiao et Yuan	1996	Palaeopascichnid		Junior synonym of Orbisiana	China
Sekwia	Hofmann	1981			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Canada
Sekwitubulus [10]	Calla A. Carbone et al.	2015			Tubular fossil	Canada
Serebrina	Istchenko	1983				Ukraine
Shaanxilithes	Xing, Yue et Zhang	1984			Junior synonym of Nenoxites	China
Shepshedia [38]	Boynton et Ford	1995			Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure	UK
Sinotubulites	Chen, Chen et Qian	1981			Tubular fossil	China
Skinnera	Wade	1969	Trilobozoa			Australia
Skolithos declinatus [39]	Fedonkin	1985	Trace fossil			Russia
Solza [82]	Ivantsov	2004				Russia
Somatohelix [113]	Sappenfield, Droser et Gehling	2011			Tubular fossil	Australia
Spriggia [114]	Southcott	1958			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Spriggina [107]	Glaessner	1958	Proarticulata			Australia
Staurinidia [39]	Fedonkin	1985				Russia
Stellaria [6]	Grytsenko	2016			Not to be confused with Stellaria, extant genus of flowering plant.	Ukraine
Streptichnus [115]	Jensen et Runnegar	2005	Vendotaenid [116] or Trace fossil			Namibia
Studenicia [117]	Gureev	1983			Putative Monocraterion trace fossil	Ukraine
Suzmites	Fedonkin	1981			Junior synonym of Onegia [ citation needed ]	Russia
Swartpuntia [118]	Narbonne, Saylor et Grotzinger	1997	Petalonamae			Namibia
Tamga [14]	Ivantsov	2007	Proarticulata			Russia
Tateana [91]	Sprigg	1949			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Australia
Temnoxa [82]	Ivantsov	2004	Mollusca?			Russia
Thectardis [119]	Clapham, Narbonne, Gehling, Greentree et Anderson	2004	Porifera?			Canada
Tirasiana [4]	Palij	1976			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Trepassia [30]	Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler	2009	Petalonamae			Canada
Tribrachidium [120]	Glaessner	1959	Trilobozoa			Australia
Triforillonia [121]	Gehling, Narbonne et Anderson	2000			Deformed Aspidella	Canada
Uncus [122]	Hughes, Evans, Droser	2024	Ecdysozoa		Possible stem nematoid	Australia
Vaizitsinia	Sokolov et Fedonkin	1981			Junior synonym of Rangea	Russia
Valdainia [59]	Fedonkin	1983	Proarticulata			Ukraine
Vaveliksia [59]	Fedonkin	1983	Porifera?			Ukraine
Velancorina [63]	Pflug	1966				Namibia
Vendella [123]	Gureev	1987			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters	Ukraine
Vendia	Keller	1969	Proarticulata			Russia
Vendichnus	Fedonkin	1979			Possible pseudofossil	Russia
Vendoconularia [124]	Ivantsov et Fedonkin	2002	Conulata			Russia
Vendoglossa	Seilacher	2007			Junior synonym of Protechiurus [125]	Namibia
Vendomia [3]	Keller	1976	Proarticulata		Junior synonym of Dickinsonia	Russia
Vendomyces [126]	M. B. Burzin	1993	Chytridiomycetes			Russia
Vendotaenia	Gnilovskaya	1971	Vendotaenid		Tubular fossil	Russia
Ventogyrus	Ivantsov et Grazhdankin	1997	Ctenophora?			Russia
Veprina [21]	Fedonkin	1980				Russia
Vernanimalcula	Chen J. Y	2004				China
Vimenites	Fedonkin	1980				Russia
Vinlandia [127]	Brasier, Antcliffe et Liu	2012				Canada
Virgatia [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Vladimissa [39]	Fedonkin	1985				Russia
Wigwamiella	Runnegar	1991			Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters. Regarded as a taphomorph of Aspidella or junior synonym for Pseudorhizostomites [128]	Australia
Windermeria [129]	Narbonne	1994	Proarticulata			Canada
Wutubus [130]	Chen, Zhou, Xiao, Wang, Guan, Hong et Yuan	2014			Tubular fossil	China
Yangtziramulus [131]	Shen, Xiao, Zhou et Yuan	2009				China
Yarnemia [132]	Nesov in Chistyakov et al.	1984	Tunicata?			Russia
Yelovichnus [39]	Fedonkin	1985	Palaeopascichnid		Junior synonym of Palaeopascichnus	Russia
Yorgia [133]	Ivantsov	1999	Proarticulata			Russia
Yilingia [134]	Xiao et al.	2020	Bilateria			China
Yuria [6]	Grytsenko	2016				Ukraine
Zolotytsia [4]	Fedonkin	1981				Russia

Notes

• Mark McMenamin described various taxa from the Clemente Formation in Mexico which are not supported by other researchers and not included in this list.

References

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