List of Prime Ministers of Finland

Last updated July 26, 2019

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Finland since the establishment of that office in 1917.

The Prime Minister of Finland is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister is Finland's head of government and is formally appointed by the President. Finland's first prime minister was Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who was appointed to the post on 27 November 1917.

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east. The capital and largest city is Helsinki. Other major cities are Espoo, Vantaa, Tampere, Oulu and Turku.

History

In 1918, the Finnish Senate was transformed into the Finnish Government, and the position of Vice-Chairman of the Economic Division of the Senate was transformed into that of a Prime Minister. Kesäranta (in Swedish Villa Bjälbo), located in the Meilahti neighborhood of Helsinki, has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Finland since 1919.

The Senate of Finland combined the functions of cabinet and supreme court in the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1816 to 1917 and in the independent Republic of Finland from 1917 to 1918.

The Finnish government is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament. The cabinet has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union. In the incumbent Rinne Cabinet, the government comprises 19 ministers leading 12 ministries.

Kesäranta is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Finland, located in Helsinki, Finland. The residence is owned by the Finnish Government through Senate Properties. There is a zone of prohibited airspace over Kesäranta.

Since its independence (declared on 6 December 1917), Finland has had 75 cabinets,^[1] including the current one, the longest lasting being the cabinet of Prime Minister Juha Sipilä, lasting 1,469 days.^[2]

Juha Petri Sipilä is a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2019. A relative newcomer to politics, he has a successful background in business. He has been the leader of the Centre Party since 9 June 2012. After leading the Centre party to victory in the 2015 general election, Sipilä formed a centre-right coalition and was appointed Prime Minister by the Finnish Parliament on 29 May 2015. On 8 March 2019, Sipilä stated his intention to resign as Prime Minister, citing difficulties in reforming Finland's health care system. President Sauli Niinistö asked him to continue with a caretaker government until a new government coalition was appointed on 6 June 2019 and was ultimately succeeded by Antti Rinne.

Before the 1980s cabinets tended to be short-lived: the President was the most important political figure and he had the right to form a new cabinet whenever he wanted. From the 1980s onwards cabinets have tended to serve full terms (although the Prime Minister may have changed midterm in a few cases, most of the other cabinet has remained nearly unchanged) and the Prime Minister has become more powerful a figure than the President. Under the current constitution, the Prime Minister is chosen by the Parliament and only appointed by the President.

The President of the Republic of Finland is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the Finnish Government, with the former possessing only residual powers. The President is directly elected by universal suffrage for a term of six years. Since 1991, no President may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The President must be a Finnish citizen by birth. The Presidential office was established in the Constitution Act of 1919. Since March 1, 2012, the President of Finland has been Sauli Niinistö. In May 2017, Niinistö announced that he would seek re-election in the 2018 presidential election, running as an independent candidate. NCP and the Christian Democrat Party supported his candidacy. He won re-election in the first round on 28 January 2018 with 62.7% of the vote and his second term began on 1 February 2018.

The Parliament of Finland is the unicameral supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The Parliament consists of 200 members, 199 of whom are elected every four years from 13 multi-member districts electing 7-36 using the proportional D'Hondt method. In addition, there is one member from Åland.

List of Prime Ministers

Finnish cabinets and Prime Ministers are numbered sequentially. A Prime Minister can serve as the head of multiple cabinets. For example, Matti Vanhanen is both the 69th and the 70th Prime Minister.^[3]

Matti Taneli Vanhanen is a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland from 2003 to 2010. He was also Chairman of the Centre Party, and in the second half of 2006 he was President of the European Council. In his earlier career he was a journalist. Vanhanen is the son of professor Tatu Vanhanen and Anni Tiihonen.

№	Prime Minister	Took office	Left office	Time in office		Election	Coalition	Cabinet
1	Svinhuvud, Per Evind Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1861–1944)	27 November 1917	27 May 1918	181 days	Young Finnish	1917	SP–NSP–ML–RKP (Minority)	1. Svinhufvud I
2	Paasikivi, Juho Kusti Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956)	27 May 1918	27 November 1918	184 days	Finnish	—	SP/KOK–NSP/ED–ML–RKP (Minority)	2. Paasikivi I
3	Ingman, Lauri Lauri Ingman (1868–1934)	27 November 1918	17 April 1919	141 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–ED–RKP	3. Ingman I (Majority)
4	Castrén, Kaarlo Kaarlo Castrén (1860–1938)	17 April 1919	15 August 1919	120 days	National Progressive	1919	ML–ED–RKP	4. K.Castrén (Minority)
5	Vennola, Juho Juho Vennola (1872–1938)	15 August 1919	15 March 1920	213 days	National Progressive	—	ML–ED	5. Vennola I (Minority)
6	Erich, Rafael Rafael Erich (1879–1946)	15 March 1920	9 April 1921	1 year, 25 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–ML–ED–RKP	6. Erich (Majority)
(5)	Vennola, Juho Juho Vennola (1872–1938)	9 April 1921	2 June 1922	1 year, 54 days	National Progressive	—	ML–ED	7. Vennola II (Minority)
7	Cajander, Aimo Aimo Cajander (1879–1943)	2 June 1922	14 November 1922	165 days	Independent	1922	Caretaker government	8. Cajander I
8	Kallio, Kyösti Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940)	14 November 1922	18 January 1924	1 year, 65 days	Agrarian	—	ML–ED (Minority)	9. Kallio I
(7)	Cajander, Aimo Aimo Cajander (1879–1943)	18 January 1924	31 May 1924	134 days	Independent	1924	Caretaker government	10. Cajander II
(3)	Ingman, Lauri Lauri Ingman (1868–1934)	31 May 1924	31 March 1925	304 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–ML–ED–RKP (Majority)	11. Ingman II
9	Tulenheimo, Antti Antti Tulenheimo (1879–1952)	31 March 1925	31 December 1925	275 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–ML (Minority)	12. Tulenheimo
(8)	Kallio, Kyösti Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940)	31 December 1925	13 December 1926	347 days	Agrarian	—	ML–KOK (Minority)	13. Kallio II
10	Tanner, Väinö Väinö Tanner (1881–1966)	13 December 1926	17 December 1927	1 year, 4 days	Social Democratic	—	SDP (Minority)	14. Tanner
11	Sunila, Juho Juho Sunila (1875–1936)	17 December 1927	22 December 1928	1 year, 5 days	Agrarian	1927	ML (Minority)	15. Sunila I
12	Mantere, Oskari Oskari Mantere (1874–1942)	22 December 1928	16 August 1929	237 days	National Progressive	—	ED (Minority)	16. Mantere
(8)	Kallio, Kyösti Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940)	16 August 1929	4 July 1930	322 days	Agrarian	1929	ML (Minority)	17. Kallio III
(1)	Svinhuvud, Per Evind Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1861–1944)	4 July 1930	18 February 1931	229 days	National Coalition	1930	ML–KOK–ED–RKP (Majority)	18. Svinhufvud II
(11)	Sunila, Juho Juho Sunila (1875–1936)	21 March 1931	14 December 1932	1 year, 300 days	Agrarian	—	ML–KOK–ED–RKP (Majority)	19. Sunila II
13	Kivimäki, Toivo Mikael Toivo Mikael Kivimäki (1886–1968)	15 December 1932	7 October 1936	3 years, 298 days	National Progressive	1933	ML–ED–RKP (Minority)	20. Kivimäki
(8)	Kallio, Kyösti Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940)	7 October 1936	17 February 1937	133 days	Agrarian	1936	ML–ED (Minority)	21. Kallio IV
(7)	Cajander, Aimo Aimo Cajander (1879–1943)	12 March 1937	1 December 1939	2 years, 264 days	National Progressive	1939	SDP–ML–ED–RKP (Majority)	22. Cajander
14	Ryti, Risto Risto Ryti (1889–1956)	1 December 1939	19 December 1940	1 year, 18 days	National Progressive	— —	SDP–ML–ED–RKP (Majority) SDP–ML–KOK–ED–RKP (Majority)	23. Ryti I 24. Ryti II
15	Rangell, Johan Wilhelm Johan Wilhelm Rangell (1894–1982)	3 January 1941	5 March 1943	2 years, 61 days	National Progressive	—	SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–ED–IKL (Majority)	25. Rangell
16	Linkomies, Edwin Edwin Linkomies (1894–1963)	5 March 1943	8 August 1944	1 year, 156 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED (Majority)	26. Linkomies
17	Hackzell, Antti Antti Hackzell (1881–1946)	8 August 1944	21 September 1944	44 days	Independent	—	KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED (Majority)	27. Hackzell
18	Castrén, Urho Urho Castrén (1886–1965)	21 September 1944	17 November 1944	57 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED (Majority)	28. U.Castrén
(2)	Paasikivi, Juho Kusti Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956)	17 November 1944	9 March 1946	1 year, 112 days	National Coalition	— 1945	SDP–SKDL–ML–KOK–RKP–ED (Majority) SDP–SKDL–ML–ED–RKP (Majority)	29. Paasikivi II 30. Paasikivi III
19	Pekkala, Mauno Mauno Pekkala (1890–1952)	26 March 1946	29 July 1948	2 years, 142 days	People's Democratic	—	SKDL–SDP–ML–RKP (Majority)	31. Pekkala
20	Fagerholm, Karl-August Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984)	29 July 1948	17 March 1950	1 year, 231 days	Social Democratic	1948	SDP (Minority)	32. Fagerholm I
21	Kekkonen, Urho Urho Kekkonen (1900–1986)	17 March 1950	17 November 1953	3 years, 245 days	Agrarian	— — 1951 —	ML–RKP–ED (Minority) ML–SDP–RKP–ED (Majority) ML–SDP–RKP (Majority) ML–RKP (Minority)	33. Kekkonen I 34. Kekkonen II 35. Kekkonen III 36. Kekkonen IV
22	Tuomioja, Sakari Sakari Tuomioja (1911–1964)	17 November 1953	5 May 1954	169 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	37. Tuomioja
23	Törngren, Ralf Ralf Törngren (1899–1961)	5 May 1954	20 October 1954	168 days	Swedish People's	1954	SDP–ML–RKP (Majority)	38. Törngren
(21)	Kekkonen, Urho Urho Kekkonen (1900–1986)	20 October 1954	3 March 1956	1 year, 135 days	Agrarian	—	ML–SDP (Majority)	39. Kekkonen V
(20)	Fagerholm, Karl-August Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984)	3 March 1956	27 May 1957	1 year, 85 days	Social Democratic	—	SDP–ML–RKP (Majority)	40. Fagerholm II
24	Sukselainen, V. J. V. J. Sukselainen (1906–1995)	27 May 1957	29 November 1957	186 days	Agrarian	—	ML–RKP–KP–TPSL (Majority)	41. Sukselainen I
25	Fieandt, Rainer von Rainer von Fieandt (1890–1972)	29 November 1957	26 April 1958	148 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	42. von Fieandt
26	Kuuskoski, Reino Reino Kuuskoski (1907–1965)	26 April 1958	29 August 1958	125 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	43. Kuuskoski
(20)	Fagerholm, Karl-August Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984)	29 August 1958	13 January 1959	137 days	Social Democratic	1958	SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–KP (Majority)	44. Fagerholm III
(24)	Sukselainen, V. J. V. J. Sukselainen (1906–1995)	13 January 1959	14 July 1961	2 years, 182 days	Agrarian	—	ML–RKP (Minority)	45. Sukselainen II
27	Miettunen, Martti Martti Miettunen (1907–2002)	14 July 1961	13 April 1962	273 days	Agrarian	—	ML (Minority)	46. Miettunen I
28	Karjalainen, Ahti Ahti Karjalainen (1923–1990)	13 April 1962	18 December 1963	1 year, 249 days	Agrarian	1962	ML–KOK–RKP–KP–TPSL (Majority)	47. Karjalainen I
29	Lehto, Reino Ragnar Reino R. Lehto (1898–1966)	18 December 1963	12 September 1964	269 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	48. Lehto
30	Virolainen, Johannes Johannes Virolainen (1914–2000)	12 September 1964	27 May 1966	1 year, 257 days	Agrarian	—	ML–KOK–RKP–KP (Majority)	49. Virolainen
31	Paasio, Rafael Rafael Paasio (1903–1980)	27 May 1966	22 March 1968	1 year, 300 days	Social Democratic	1966	SDP–KESK–SKDL–TPSL (Majority)	50. Paasio I
32	Koivisto, Mauno Mauno Koivisto (1923–2017)	22 March 1968	14 May 1970	2 years, 53 days	Social Democratic	—	SDP–KESK–SKDL–TPSL–RKP (Majority)	51. Koivisto I
33	Aura, Teuvo Teuvo Aura (1912–1999)	14 May 1970	15 August 1970	93 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	52. Aura I
(28)	Karjalainen, Ahti Ahti Karjalainen (1923–1990)	15 August 1970	29 October 1971	1 year, 75 days	Centre	1970	KESK–SDP–SKDL–RKP–LKP (Majority)	53. Karjalainen II
(33)	Aura, Teuvo Teuvo Aura (1912–1999)	29 October 1971	23 February 1972	117 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	54. Aura II
(31)	Paasio, Rafael Rafael Paasio (1903–1980)	23 February 1972	4 September 1972	194 days	Social Democratic	1972	SDP (Minority)	55. Paasio II
34	Sorsa, Kalevi Kalevi Sorsa (1930–2004)	4 September 1972	13 June 1975	2 years, 282 days	Social Democratic	—	SDP–KESK–RKP–LKP (Majority)	56. Sorsa I
35	Liinamaa, Keijo Keijo Liinamaa (1929–1980)	13 June 1975	30 November 1975	170 days	Independent	—	Caretaker government	57. Liinamaa
(27)	Miettunen, Martti Martti Miettunen (1907–2002)	30 November 1975	15 May 1977	1 year, 166 days	Centre	1975 —	KESK–RKP–LKP (Minority)	58. Miettunen II 59. Miettunen III (Majority)
(34)	Sorsa, Kalevi Kalevi Sorsa (1930–2004)	15 May 1977	26 April 1979	1 year, 346 days	Social Democratic	—	SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP–LKP (Majority)	60. Sorsa II
(32)	Koivisto, Mauno Mauno Koivisto (1923–2017)	26 May 1979	26 January 1982	2 years, 275 days	Social Democratic	1979	SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP (Majority)	61. Koivisto II
(34)	Sorsa, Kalevi Kalevi Sorsa (1930–2004)	19 February 1982	30 April 1987	5 years, 70 days	Social Democratic	— 1983	SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP–LKP SDP–KESK–RKP–SMP (Majority)	62. Sorsa III 63. Sorsa IV
36	Holkeri, Harri Harri Holkeri (1937–2011)	30 April 1987	26 April 1991	3 years, 361 days	National Coalition	1987	KOK–SDP–RKP–SMP (Majority)	64. Holkeri
37	Aho, Esko Esko Aho (born 1954)	26 April 1991	13 April 1995	3 years, 352 days	Centre	1991	KESK–KOK–RKP–KD (Majority)	65. Aho
38	Lipponen, Paavo Paavo Lipponen (born 1941)	13 April 1995	17 April 2003	8 years, 4 days	Social Democratic	1995 1999	SDP–KOK–RKP–VAS–VIHR (Majority)	66. Lipponen I 67. Lipponen II
39	Jäätteenmäki, Anneli Anneli Jäätteenmäki (born 1955)	17 April 2003	24 June 2003	68 days	Centre	2003	KESK–SDP–RKP (Majority)	68. Jäätteenmäki
40	Vanhanen, Matti Matti Vanhanen (born 1955)	24 June 2003	22 June 2010	6 years, 363 days	Centre	— 2007	KESK–SDP–RKP (Majority) (2003 – 2007) KESK–KOK–RKP–VIHR (Majority) (2007 – 2010)	69. Vanhanen I 70. Vanhanen II
41	Kiviniemi, Mari Mari Kiviniemi (born 1968)	22 June 2010	22 June 2011	1 year, 0 days	Centre	—	KESK–KOK–RKP–VIHR (Majority)	71. Kiviniemi
42	Katainen, Jyrki Jyrki Katainen (born 1971)	22 June 2011	24 June 2014	3 years, 2 days	National Coalition	2011	KOK–SDP–RKP–VAS–VIHR–KD (Majority)	72. Katainen
43	Stubb, Alexander Alexander Stubb (born 1968)	24 June 2014	29 May 2015	339 days	National Coalition	—	KOK–SDP–RKP–VIHR–KD (Majority)	73. Stubb
44	Sipilä, Juha Juha Sipilä (born 1961)	29 May 2015	6 June 2019	4 years, 57 days	Centre	2015	KESK–PS–KOK (Majority)	74. Sipilä
45	Rinne Antti Antti Rinne (born 1962)	6 June 2019	Incumbent	49 days	Social Democratic	2019	SDP–KESK–VIHR–VAS–RKP (Majority)	75. Rinne

Interim Prime Ministers

Name (Born-Died)	Term of office		Party	Note
Juho Vennola (1872–1938)	18 February 1931	21 March 1931	National Progressive Party	Substitute to Svinhufvud, who became President of Finland
Rudolf Holsti (1881–1945)	17 February 1937	12 March 1937	National Progressive Party	Substitute to Kyösti Kallio, who became President of Finland
Rudolf Walden (1878–1946)	27 March 1940	4 January 1941	Non-partisan	Substitute to Risto Ryti, who became President of Finland
Carl Enckell (1876–1959)	9 March 1946	26 March 1946	Non-partisan	Substitute to Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who became President of Finland
Eemil Luukka (1892–1970)	3 July 1961	14 July 1961	Agrarian League	Substitute to V.J Sukselainen who resigned from office
Eino Uusitalo (1924–2015)	11 September 1981	19 February 1982	Centre Party	Substitute to Mauno Koivisto, who became first Acting President of Finland and later President of the Republic of Finland

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References

↑ Finnish Council of State. "The Cabinet in Office". Finnish Council of State. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
↑ "Juha Sipilän hallituksesta tulee kaikkien aikojen pitkäikäisin" (in Finnish). Ilta-Sanomat. 2019-04-09. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
↑ "Governments in chronological order". Finnish government (Valtioneuvosto). Retrieved 27 March 2017.

External links

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[1] Finnish Council of State. "The Cabinet in Office". Finnish Council of State. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2010.

[2] "Juha Sipilän hallituksesta tulee kaikkien aikojen pitkäikäisin" (in Finnish). Ilta-Sanomat. 2019-04-09. Retrieved 2019-05-31.

[3] "Governments in chronological order". Finnish government (Valtioneuvosto). Retrieved 27 March 2017.