The Holy See, also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and the Vatican City State. It encompasses the office of the pope as the bishop of the Apostolic episcopal see of Rome and serves as the spiritual and administrative authority of the worldwide Catholic Church and the city-state. Under international law, the Holy See holds the status of a sovereign juridical entity.
After independence in 1964, Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with NATO countries. Since 1971, the country sought relations with the rest of the world, including communist countries in Eastern Europe and the non-aligned countries.
As the only surviving medieval commune in the Italian Peninsula, the history of San Marino is intertwined with the medieval, Renaissance and modern-day history of the Italian peninsula, according to tradition beginning with its foundation in 301 AD.
San Marino is an independent and sovereign member of the international community. It maintains an extensive diplomatic network relative to its diminutive size, as well as an active foreign policy and international presence.
Ambassadors of the United States are persons nominated by the president to serve as the United States' diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. Under Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, their appointment must be confirmed by the United States Senate; while an ambassador may be appointed during a recess, they can serve only until the end of the next session of Congress, unless subsequently confirmed.
Currently, all of the European microstates have some form of relations with the European Union (EU).
Ronald P. Spogli is an American venture capitalist and politician. He is the former United States Ambassador to Italy and to San Marino. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 30, 2005, after being nominated by President George W. Bush on June 9. He was preceded by Mel Sembler as ambassador to Italy and is the first American ambassador to San Marino from the United States. This new position was created as a result of the excellent relations between the two countries.
The current United States Ambassador to the Holy See is Joe Donnelly, who replaced the ad interim Chargé d'Affaires, Patrick Connell, on April 11, 2021. The Holy See is represented by its apostolic nuncio, Cardinal Christophe Pierre, who assumed office on April 12, 2016. The U.S. Embassy to the Holy See is located in Rome, in the Villa Domiziana. The Nunciature to the United States is located in Washington, D.C., at 3339 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
San Marino and the United States enjoy friendly diplomatic relations.
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of San Marino were established by the exchange of Notes on 14 February 2002.
San Marino – United Kingdom relations date back to 1899, when the United Kingdom and San Marino signed an extradition treaty.
Italy and San Marino have had diplomatic relations since Italian unification. Bilateral relations between Italy and San Marino have gone through various phases and have their official beginning after the Unification of Italy proclaimed in the Subalpine Parliament by Vittorio Emanuele II on 17 March 1861.
John R. Phillips is an American diplomat and attorney who served as the United States Ambassador to Italy and San Marino, serving from 2013 to 2017. As a partner at Phillips & Cohen, LLP (1988–2013) and before that, in Los Angeles, he practiced public interest law, specializing in whistleblower cases that recovered billions from companies defrauding the government.
The bilateral relations between Italy and the Republic of China (Taiwan) began with official diplomatic relations from 1913 to 1941 and from 1944 to 1970, but these were interrupted by World War II. Since Italy recognized the People's Republic of China on 6 November 1970, Italy under the "One China policy" maintains relations with Taiwan on an unofficial basis.
