This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(December 2021) |
Ambassador of the United States to Burkina Faso | |
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Nominator | The President of the United States |
Appointer | The President with Senate advice and consent |
Inaugural holder | R. Borden Reams as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |
Formation | October 17, 1960 |
Website | U.S. Embassy - Ouagadougou |
This is a list of ambassadors of the United States to Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta).
Until 1960 Upper Volta was a French possession as a part of French West Africa. In 1958 Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community (Communauté française), and achieved independence as the Republic of Upper Volta on August 5, 1960.
The United States recognized Upper Volta immediately and assigned its first envoy on the nation's independence day, August 5. The envoy, Donald R. Norland, had presented his credentials as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim on the previous day, August 4, to take effect on the day of independence. Norland was also the Chargé d'Affaires a.i. to the newly independent nations: Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Dahomey (Benin) and Niger while resident in Abidjan.
The first ranking ambassador, R. Borden Reams, was appointed October 17, 1960. He was also the ambassador to the aforementioned countries while resident in Abidjan. On December 31, 1960, an embassy was established in Ouagadougou with a resident Chargé d'affaires. On May 29, 1961, the first ambassador solely accredited to Upper Volta was appointed.
On August 4, 1984, the nation's name was changed to Burkina Faso.
The United States Embassy in Burkina Faso is located in Ouagadougou.
U.S. diplomatic terms |
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Career FSO After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time. Political appointee A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends). Appointed The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office. Presented credentials The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely. Terminated mission Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy. Chargé d'affaires The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. Ad interim Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". |
Name | Title | Appointed | Presented credentials | Terminated mission | Notes |
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R. Borden Reams [2] [3] – Career FSO | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | October 17, 1960 | December 6, 1960 | June 26, 1961 | |
Thomas S. Estes – Career FSO | May 29, 1961 | June 26, 1961 | July 13, 1966 | ||
Elliott P. Skinner – political appointee | May 27, 1966 | September 14, 1966 | July 16, 1969 | ||
William E. Schaufele, Jr. – Career FSO | September 29, 1969 | October 16, 1969 | July 10, 1971 | ||
Donald B. Easum – Career FSO | November 5, 1971 | December 8, 1971 | January 19, 1974 | ||
Pierre R. Graham – Career FSO | June 20, 1974 | July 30, 1974 | June 13, 1978 | ||
Thomas D. Boyatt – Career FSO | July 18, 1978 | September 21, 1978 | October 23, 1980 | ||
Larry C. Grahl | Chargé d'affaires ad interim | October 23, 1980 | November 18, 1981 | ||
Julius Waring Walker, Jr. – Career FSO | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | July 18, 1981 | November 18, 1981 | July 5, 1984 | |
Leonardo Neher – Career FSO | June 28, 1984 | September 21, 1984 | August 1, 1987 | ||
David H. Shinn – Career FSO | November 6, 1987 | November 28, 1987 | August 6, 1990 | ||
Edward P. Brynn – Career FSO | October 22, 1990 | January 14, 1991 | April 17, 1993 | ||
Donald J. McConnell – Career FSO | August 9, 1993 | November 22, 1993 | June 4, 1996 | ||
Sharon P. Wilkinson – Career FSO | July 11, 1996 | October 24, 1996 | July 12, 1999 | ||
Jimmy J. Kolker – Career FSO | November 16, 1999 | January 11, 2000 | August 2, 2002 | ||
J. Anthony Holmes – Career FSO | October 3, 2002 | December 23, 2002 | July 9, 2005 | ||
Jeanine E. Jackson – Career FSO | February 21, 2006 | March 24, 2006 | March 7, 2009 | ||
J. Thomas Dougherty – Career FSO | August 5, 2010 | September 30, 2010 | September 30, 2013 | ||
Tulinabo S. Mushingi - Career FSO | July 9, 2013 | September 17, 2013 | October 27, 2016 | ||
Andrew Robert Young - Career FSO | September 28, 2016 | November 20, 2016 | March 26, 2020 [4] | ||
Sandra E. Clark - Career FSO | August 12, 2020 | September 25, 2020 | December 18, 2023 | ||
Eric Whitaker - Career FSO | Chargé d'affaires ad interim | December 19, 2023 | June 27, 2024 | ||
Joann M. Lockard - Career FSO | Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary | May 2, 2024 | June 28, 2024 | Incumbent |
Burkina Faso has good relations with the European Union, African and certain Asian countries.
Ivory Coast invested remarkably in its transport system. Transport Infrastructures are much more developed than they are other West African countries despite a crisis that restrained their maintenance and development. Since its independence in 1960, Ivory Coast put an emphasis on increasing and modernizing the transport network for human as well as for goods. Major infrastructures of diverse nature were built including railways, roads, waterways, and airports. In spite of the crisis, neighbor countries still strongly depend on the Ivorian transport network for importing, exporting, and transiting their immigrants to Ivory Coast.
Upper Volta was a colony of French West Africa established in 1919 in the territory occupied by present-day Burkina Faso. It was formed from territories that had been part of the colonies of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Côte d'Ivoire. The colony was dissolved on 5 September 1932, with parts being administered by the Côte d'Ivoire, French Sudan and the Colony of Niger.
This is a summary history of diplomatic relations of the United States listed by country. The history of diplomatic relations of the United States began with the appointment of Benjamin Franklin as U.S. Minister to France in 1778, even before the U.S. had won its independence from Great Britain in 1783.
Niger national football team results is list of Niger national football team fixtures and results.
Robert Borden Reams was an American diplomat. He was the first United States Ambassador to Upper Volta, Dahomey, Niger, and Ivory Coast simultaneously. On July 31, 1960, an envoy, Donald R. Norland, had presented his credentials as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim on the previous day of Reams' appointment.
Donald Richard Norland was an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador to Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Chad.
The Confédération africaine des travailleurs croyants was a trade union confederation in French West Africa and Togo. C.A.T.C-A.O.F-Togo was founded in Ouagadougou July 8–15, 1956 by the West African branches of the French trade union centre C.F.T.C. David Soumah became the first president of C.A.T.C-A.O.F-Togo.
Burkinabe nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Burkina Faso, as amended; the Persons and Family Code, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Burkina Faso. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Burkinabe nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth in Burkina Faso or abroad to parents with Burkinabe nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
The Benin–Burkina Faso border is 386 km in length and runs from the tripoint with Togo in the southwest to the tripoint with Niger in the northeast.