Ambassador of the United States to Armenia | |
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Միացյալ Նահանգների դեսպանը Հայաստանում | |
Residence | Yerevan |
Nominator | The President of the United States |
Appointer | The President with Senate advice and consent |
Inaugural holder | Harry J. Gilmore as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |
Formation | May 12, 1993 |
Website | Ambassador to Armenia |
Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union on August 23, 1990, [1] having previously been the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the constituent republics of the USSR since 1936, and part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic since 1920. In the wake of the August 1991 Coup, a referendum was held on the question of secession. Following an overwhelming vote in favor, full independence was declared on September 21, 1991. However, widespread recognition did not occur until the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. The United States recognized Armenia on December 25, 1991. [2]
The embassy in Yerevan was opened February 3, 1992, with Steven Mann as Chargé d'affaires ad interim.
U.S. diplomatic terms |
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Career FSO After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time. Political appointee A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends). Appointed The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office. Presented credentials The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely. Terminated mission Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy. Chargé d'affaires The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. Ad interim Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". |
Image | Name | Appointed | Presented credentials | Terminated mission | Notes |
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Harry J. Gilmore [3] – Career FSO | May 12, 1993 | May 31, 1993 | Left post, July 11, 1995 | ||
Peter Tomsen – Career FSO | June 27, 1995 | September 6, 1995 | September 6, 1998 | ||
Michael C. Lemmon – Career FSO | June 29, 1998 | September 21, 1998 | October 1, 2001 | ||
John Malcolm Ordway – Career FSO | November 5, 2001 | November 23, 2001 | July 31, 2004 | ||
John Marshall Evans – Career FSO | June 30, 2004 | September 4, 2004 | Left post, September 10, 2006 [4] | Recalled by the Bush administration over remarks about the Armenian genocide. [4] | |
Rudolf V. Perina [5] | September 10, 2006 | August 1, 2008 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | ||
Marie Yovanovitch [6] – Career FSO | August 4, 2008 | September 22, 2008 | June 9, 2011 | ||
Bruce Donahue – Career FSO | June 9, 2011 | October 6, 2011 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | ||
John A. Heffern [7] – Career FSO | September 29, 2011 | October 17, 2011 [8] | December 22, 2014 | ||
Richard M. Mills Jr. – Career FSO | January 2, 2015 | February 15, 2015 | October 17, 2018 [9] | ||
Rafik Mansour – Career FSO | October 17, 2018 | March 1, 2019 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | ||
Lynne M. Tracy – Career FSO [10] | February 19, 2019 [11] | March 1, 2019 [12] | December 20, 2022 | ||
Chip Laitinen - Career FSO | January 5, 2023 | February 21, 2023 | Chargé d'affaires a.i. | ||
Kristina Kvien – Career FSO | December 13, 2022 | February 21, 2023 |
The U.S. Ambassador to Armenia holds the title Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union. It has full membership status in a number of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe and the Eurasian Economic Union, and observer status, etc. in some others. However, the dispute over the Armenian genocide of 1915 and the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict have created tense relations with two of its immediate neighbors, Azerbaijan and Turkey.
The American University of Armenia (AUA) is a private, independent university in Yerevan, Armenia that is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission. It is the first U.S.-accredited institution in the former Soviet Union that provides undergraduate and graduate education.
The Blue Mosque is an 18th-century Shia mosque in Yerevan, Armenia. It was commissioned by Hoseyn Ali Khan, the khan of the Iranian Erivan Khanate. It is one of the oldest extant structures in central Yerevan and the most significant structure from the city's Iranian period. It was the largest of the eight mosques of Yerevan in the 19th century and is the only active mosque in Armenia today.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia (MFA) is a state body of executive power, which elaborates and implements the foreign policy of the Government of Armenia and organizes and manages diplomatic services. The MFA acts accordingly to the Constitution and legislation of Armenia. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs coordinates the activities of the executive power bodies of the Republic in the international arena. Since 2021, Ararat Mirzoyan has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
Armenia–Hungary relations refer to bilateral relations between Armenia and Hungary. Armenia is represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna, Austria, and an honorary consulate in Budapest, Hungary. Hungary is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Tbilisi, Georgia, and an honorary consulate in Yerevan, Armenia.
The Embassy of the United States of America to Armenia is the diplomatic mission of the United States to Armenia. It is located adjacent to Lake Yerevan along the Yerevan-Etchmiadzin highway. The site occupies an area of 90,469 square meters ; which is currently the second largest land parcel by area on which a U.S. Embassy had been built on when it was completed in 2005, after the embassy in Baghdad.
John A. Heffern is an American diplomat. Heffern served as the United States Ambassador to Armenia from 2011 to 2014. After being nominated on May 18, 2011 by United States President Barack Obama, Heffern was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on September 26, 2011 and sworn in as ambassador on October 6, 2011. He was replaced by Ambassador Richard M. Mills Jr. in early 2015.
The Kansas–Armenia National Guard Partnership is one of 25 European partnerships that make-up the U.S. European Command State Partnership Program and one of 88 worldwide partnerships that make-up the National Guard State Partnership Program. The Republic of Armenia signed a bilateral affairs agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense and the state of Kansas in 2003 establishing the Kansas-Armenia State Partnership Program. Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius subsequently signed a proclamation declaring June 18, 2004, as Kansas-Armenia Partnership Day.
Richard Merrill Mills Jr. is an American diplomat who serves as the United States deputy ambassador to the United Nations. He served as the U.S. Chargé d'Affaires and Acting Permanent Representative to the United Nations between January 20, 2021, and February 24, 2021, when Linda Thomas-Greenfield became ambassador. In July 2022, he was announced as the nominee to serve as the United States ambassador to Nigeria.
Lynne M. Tracy is an American diplomat who is the United States ambassador to Russia, serving since January 2023. She formerly served as the United States ambassador to Armenia from 2019 to 2022.
Varuzhan Nersesyan is an Armenian diplomat who is currently the ambassador of Armenia to the United Kingdom. Prior to this, he has served as the ambassador to the United States from November 2018 to July 2021. He was appointed an ambassador to United Kingdom on 16 July 2021.