The following list of banks in the Netherlands is to be understood within the framework of the European single market and European banking union, which means that the Netherlands' banking system is more open to cross-border banking operations than peers outside of the EU.
European banking supervision distinguishes between significant institutions (SIs) and less significant institutions (LSIs), with SI/LSI designations updated regularly by the European Central Bank (ECB). Significant institutions are directly supervised by the ECB using joint supervisory teams that involve the national competent authorities (NCAs) of individual participating countries. Less significant institutions are supervised by the relevant NCA on a day-to-day basis, under the supervisory oversight of the ECB. [1] In the Dutch case, the NCA is De Nederlandsche Bank. [2]
As of 1 September 2025, the list of supervised institutions maintained by the ECB included the following seven Dutch banking groups as SIs, with names as indicated by the ECB for each group's consolidating entity. [3] Of these, ING has been consistently designated as Global systemically important bank (G-SIB) by the Financial Stability Board, including in its update of November 2025. [4]
A study published in 2024 assessed that the bank with most aggregate assets in the Netherlands (as opposed to total consolidated assets) as of end-2023 was Rabobank at €593 billion, followed by ABN AMRO (€378 billion), ING (€293 billion), BNG (€116 billion), Waterschapsbank (€76 billion), SNS / de Volksbank (now ASN, €71 billion), and RBS Holdings (€28 billion). [5] : 27–28 The Netherlands is also home to subsidiaries of three other euro-area significant institutions, namely BAWAG, BBVA, and Société Générale. [3]
Separately, Promontoria 19 Coöperatie UA, a Dutch-based holding entity, is designated by the ECB as the consolidated entity of a French SI that includes CCF. [3]
As of 1 September 2025, the ECB's list of supervised institutions included 29 Dutch LSIs. [3]
Of these, five were designated by the ECB as "high-impact" on the basis of several criteria including size:
Based on the same ECB list, 12 Dutch LSIs (3 branches and 9 subsidiaries) were affiliates of financial groups based outside the euro area:
The other 12 Dutch LSIs were:
The Netherlands is one of six euro-area countries with credit unions, together with Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, and Lithuania. Dutch credit unions are small cooperative credit institutions outside the scope of the EU Capital Requirements Directives (CRD), [6] and thus regulated and supervised under national law. At end-2023, there were 30 such Dutch credit unions with total assets of ca. €43 million (US$47 million). [7] : 4
De Nederlandsche Bank and Stadsbank van Lening, Amsterdam are public credit institutions that do not hold a banking license under EU law. Similarly, the Nederlandse Investeringsbank voor Ontwikkelingslanden (NIO), Noordelijke Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij (NOM), Industriebank Limburgs Instituut voor Ontwikkeling en Financiering (LIOF), and Overijsselse Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij are outside the scope of CRD. [6]
A number of former Dutch banks, defined as having been headquartered in the present-day territory of the Netherlands or in then-Dutch colonies, are documented on Wikipedia. They are listed below in chronological order of establishment.
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