List of currencies in Europe

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.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Eurozone member states ERM II member states with an opt-out ERM II member states Other EU member states States using the euro as a result of a treaty States which have unilaterally adopted the euro Eurozone map.svg
  Eurozone member states
  ERM II member states with an opt-out
  ERM II member states
  Other EU member states
  States using the euro as a result of a treaty
  States which have unilaterally adopted the euro

There are 29 currencies currently used in the 50 countries of Europe. All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here.

Contents

In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 25 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone [1] when they meet the five convergence criteria. [2] Denmark is the only EU member state which has been granted an exemption from using the euro. [1] Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden have not adopted the Euro either, although unlike Denmark, they have not formally opted out; instead, they fail to meet the ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism) which results in the non-use of the Euro. [3] [4] For countries which hope to join the eurozone, there are five guidelines that need to be followed, grouped in the Maastricht criteria. [1]

The United Kingdom's currency, sterling, is rated fourth on Investopedia's list of the top 8 most tradable currencies, and that it is a "little bit more volatile than the euro". [5] It was ranked just ahead of the Swiss franc, ranked fifth, which is used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, saying that the set up of the Swiss banking "emphasizes the economic and financial stability policies dictated by the governing board of the SNB". Both are in the top 8 major currencies on Bloomberg. [6] Several countries use currencies which translate as "crown": the Czech koruna, the Norwegian krone, the Danish krone, the Icelandic króna, and the Swedish krona. [7]

At present, the euro is legal tender in 20 out of 27 European Union member states, [8] in addition to 5 countries not part of the EU (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Andorra and Montenegro). [9] Kosovo also uses the euro, [9] but is only partially recognised as an independent state.

European currencies

List of all European currencies
CountryPresent currency Currency sign ISO 4217 codeFractional unitPrevious currency
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania lek [10] —ALL qintar none
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra euro [11] €EUR euro cent none official [11] [12]
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia dram ֏AMD luma Soviet rouble
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria euro [13] €EUR euro cent schilling [14]
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan manat [15] ₼AZN gapik Soviet rouble [16]
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus rouble [17] [18] RblBYNkopeck old Belarusian rouble [19]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium euro [20] €EUR euro cent franc [21]
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark [22] KMBAMfening dinar [23]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria lev [24] лвBGNstotinka old lev
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia euro [25] €EUR euro cent kuna [26]
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus euro [27] €EUR euro cent pound [28]
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic koruna [29] KčCZK heller Czechoslovak koruna [30]
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark krone [31] DKrDKK øre rigsdaler [32]
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia euro [33] [34] €EUR euro cent kroon [35] [36]
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland euro [37] €EUR euro cent mark [38]
Flag of France.svg  France euro [39] €EUR euro cent franc [40]
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia lari [41] ₾GEL tetri kuponi [42]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany euro [43] €EUR euro cent deutschmark
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece euro [44] €EUR euro cent drachma [45]
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary forint [46] FtHUF fillér pengo [47]
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland króna [48] KrISKaurar old króna [48]
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland euro [49] €EUR euro cent punt [50]
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy euro [51] €EUR euro cent lira [52]
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia euro €EUR euro cent lats [53]
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein franc [54] [55] SFrCHF rappen krone [56]
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania euro [57] [58] €EUR euro cent litas
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg euro [59] €EUR euro cent franc [60]
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta euro [61] €EUR euro cent lira [62]
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova leu [63] —MDLbani cupon [64]
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco euro [65] €EUR euro cent franc
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro euro [65] €EUR euro cent deutschmark [66]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands euro [67] €EUR euro cent guilder [68]
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia denar [69] DENMKDdeni old denar [70]
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway krone [71] NKrNOK øre speciedaler [72]
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland zloty [73] zlPLNgrosz old zloty
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal euro [74] €EUR euro cent escudo [75]
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania leu [76] −RONbani old leu [77]
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia rouble [78] ₽RUBkopeck old Russian rouble
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino euro [79] €EUR euro cent lira [79]
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia dinar [80] DINRSDpara Yugoslav dinar [80]
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia euro [81] €EUR euro cent koruna [81]
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia euro [82] €EUR euro cent tolar [82]
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain euro [83] €EUR euro cent peseta [83]
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden krona [84] SKrSEK öre riksdaler [84]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland franc [85] SFrCHF rappen, also called
centime, centesimo, and rap		none [85]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey lira [86] ₺TRY kuruş old lira [86]
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine hryvnia [87] ₴UAHkopeck (копійка) karbovanets [87]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom sterling [88] £GBP penny (pl. pence) pre-decimal sterling [89]
Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg  Vatican City euro [90] €EUR euro cent lira [91]

Currencies of partially recognized states in Europe

List of all unrecognized European currencies
Unrecognized countryDe jure countryPresent currency Currency sign ISO 4217 codeFractional unitPrevious currency
Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg  Abkhazia Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia apsar

Russian rouble (both official)

—
₽		—
RUB		 kopeck old Russian rouble
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia euro

Serbian dinar (unofficial, only in Serb majority areas)

€

DIN

EUR

RSD

 cent

Para

 Yugoslav dinar
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg  North Cyprus Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus Turkish lira
euro (unofficial)
sterling (unofficial)		₺

€
£

TRY

EUR
GBP

 kuruş

cent
penny

Cypriot pound
Flag of South Ossetia.svg  South Ossetia Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Russian rouble ₽RUB kopeck old Russian rouble
Flag of Transnistria (state).svg  Transnistria Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova Transnistrian rouble руб—kopeck old Transnistrian rouble

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euro</span> Currency of most countries in the European Union

The euro is the official currency of 20 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of states is officially known as the euro area or, commonly, the eurozone, and includes about 344 million citizens as of 2024. The euro is divided into 100 euro cents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedish krona</span> Currency of Sweden

The krona is the currency of the Kingdom of Sweden. It is one of the currencies of the European Union. Both the ISO code "SEK" and currency sign "kr" are in common use for the krona; the former precedes or follows the value, the latter usually follows it but, especially in the past, it sometimes preceded the value. In English, the currency is sometimes referred to as the Swedish crown, as krona means "crown" in Swedish. The Swedish krona was the ninth-most traded currency in the world by value in April 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Icelandic króna</span> Currency of Iceland

The króna or krona is the currency of Iceland. Iceland is the second-smallest country by population, after the Seychelles, to have its own currency and monetary policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurozone</span> Area in which the euro is the official currency

The euro area, commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estonian kroon</span> Former currency of Estonia

The kroon was the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history: 1928–1940 and 1992–2011. Between 1 January and 14 January 2011, the kroon circulated together with the euro, after which the euro became the sole legal tender in Estonia. The kroon was subdivided into 100 cents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Exchange Rate Mechanism</span> European system to reduce exchange rate variability after the Euro

The European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) is a system introduced by the European Economic Community on 1 January 1999 alongside the introduction of a single currency, the euro as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slovak euro coins</span>

The Slovak euro coins are the European monetary union euro coins issued by Slovakia since 2009. They feature three separate designs for the three series of coins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Czech Republic and the euro</span>

The Czech Republic is bound to adopt the euro in the future and to join the eurozone once it has satisfied the euro convergence criteria by the Treaty of Accession since it joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. The Czech Republic is therefore a candidate for the enlargement of the eurozone and it uses the Czech koruna as its currency, regulated by the Czech National Bank, a member of the European System of Central Banks, and does not participate in European Exchange Rate Mechanism II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sweden and the euro</span> Overview of the relationship between Sweden and the euro

Sweden does not currently use the euro as its currency and has no plans to replace the existing Swedish krona in the near future. Sweden's Treaty of Accession of 1994 made it subject to the Treaty of Maastricht, which obliges states to join the eurozone once they meet the necessary conditions. Sweden maintains that joining the European Exchange Rate Mechanism II, participation in which for at least two years is a requirement for euro adoption, is voluntary, and has chosen to remain outside pending public approval by a referendum, thereby intentionally avoiding the fulfilment of the adoption requirements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the euro</span> Overview of the history of the euro

The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating an economic and monetary union (EMU) by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Kingdom and the euro</span>

The United Kingdom did not seek to adopt the euro as its official currency for the duration of its membership of the European Union (EU), and secured an opt-out at the euro's creation via the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, wherein the Bank of England would only be a member of the European System of Central Banks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denmark and the euro</span> Overview of the relationship between Denmark and the euro

Denmark uses the krone as its currency and does not use the euro, having negotiated the right to opt out from participation under the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. In 2000, the government held a referendum on introducing the euro, which was defeated with 53.2% voting no and 46.8% voting yes. The Danish krone is part of the ERM II mechanism, so its exchange rate is tied to within 2.25% of the euro.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enlargement of the eurozone</span>

The enlargement of the eurozone is an ongoing process within the European Union (EU). All member states of the European Union, except Denmark which negotiated an opt-out from the provisions, are obliged to adopt the euro as their sole currency once they meet the criteria, which include: complying with the debt and deficit criteria outlined by the Stability and Growth Pact, keeping inflation and long-term governmental interest rates below certain reference values, stabilising their currency's exchange rate versus the euro by participating in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, and ensuring that their national laws comply with the ECB statute, ESCB statute and articles 130+131 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The obligation for EU member states to adopt the euro was first outlined by article 109.1j of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, which became binding on all new member states by the terms of their treaties of accession.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International status and usage of the euro</span>

The international status and usage of the euro has grown since its launch in 1999. When the euro formally replaced 12 currencies on 1 January 2002, it inherited their use in territories such as Montenegro and replaced minor currencies tied to pre-euro currencies, such as in Monaco. Four small states have been given a formal right to use the euro, and to mint their own coins, but all other usage outside the eurozone has been unofficial. With or without an agreement, these countries, unlike those in the eurozone, do not participate in the European Central Bank or the Eurogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">20 euro note</span> Euro banknote

The twenty euro note (€20) is the third-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro in 2002. The note is used by the 25 countries and a population of 343 million as their sole currency, with 23 legally adopting it. In July 2023, there were approximately 4,837,000,000 twenty euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the second most widely circulated denomination, accounting for 16.3% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a twenty euro banknote is about two years before it is replaced due to wear.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">100 euro note</span> Euro banknote

The one hundred euro note (€100) is one of the higher value euro banknotes and has been used since the introduction of the euro in 2002. The note is used daily by some 343 million Europeans and in the 25 countries which have it as their sole currency. In July 2023, there were approximately 3,942,000,000 hundred euro banknotes in circulation in the eurozone. It is the third most widely circulated denomination, accounting for 13.3% of the total banknotes.

References

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