List of existing model dwellings

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Peabody Square Model Dwellings in Blackfriars Road, Southwark Peabody Square Model Dwellings, Blackfriars Road.jpg
Peabody Square Model Dwellings in Blackfriars Road, Southwark

Model dwellings were buildings or estates constructed, mostly during the Victorian era, along philanthropic lines to provide decent living accommodation for the working class. They were typically erected by private model dwellings companies and usually with the aim of making a return on investment, hence the description of the movement as "five per cent philanthropy." [1] As such they were forerunners of modern-day municipal housing.

Contents

This is a list of still-standing model dwellings, organised by builder. Most of these companies are now defunct; a few, such as the Peabody Trust are still operating and building new accommodation, and others have been subsumed by larger firms. This list covers urban development on the principle of "five per cent philanthropy"; for communities built to house workers for a particular trade or employer, see model village or company town.

Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company

Class 5 house, Noel Park.JPG

The Artizans' Company (ALGDC) was established in 1867 by William Austin, becoming one of the largest of the model dwellings companies in the late Victorian era. It was best known for its large, low-rise, suburban estates in London. It was later subsumed into Sun Life Financial.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Noel Park [2] Wood Green, London1882–1929
Pinnerwood Park [3] Pinner, London1932–1935
Queen's Park [4] Kilburn, London1874–1881
Shaftesbury Park [5] Battersea, London1872–1877
Leigham Court [6] Streatham, London1889–1928
Crawford Buildings [7] Marylebone, London1893
Wendover Court (formerly East Street Buildings) [8] Marylebone, London1890-1891
Seymour Buildings [9] Marylebone, London1889

Chester Cottage Improvement Company

The Chester Cottage Improvement Company was founded in 1892, [10] and was a particular concern of the Duke of Westminster. [11]

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Priory Place [12] [13] [14] Chester, Cheshire 1898

East End Dwellings Company

The EEDC was founded by Samuel Barnett and others in 1882 in order to provide particularly for the area that is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Museum House [15] Burnham Road, Bethnal Green, London1888
Dunstan Houses [16] Stepney Green, London1899
Thornhill Houses [17] Thornhill Road, Barnsbury, London1902
Whidborne Buildings [18] Kings Cross, London1890s

Edinburgh Co-Operative Building Company

The Edinburgh Co-Operative Building Company (ECBC) was founded by a group of stonemasons in Edinburgh in 1861. By 1872 they had built nearly 1,000 houses in six parts of Edinburgh and Leith, [19] commonly known as colony houses.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Abbeyhill Colonies [20] London Road, Abbeyhill, Edinburgh
Dalry Colonies [21] Dalry, Edinburgh1868–1870
Shaftesbury Park Shandon, Edinburgh1883–1904
Stockbridge Colonies [21] Glenogle Road, Stockbridge, Edinburgh1861–1867

Four Per Cent Industrial Dwellings Company

Evelina Mansions, Camberwell Evelina Mansions SE5 - geograph.org.uk - 165920.jpg
Evelina Mansions, Camberwell
Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Stepney Green Court [22] Stepney Green, London1896
Navarino Mansions [23] Dalston Lane, Hackney 1903-5
Mocatta House [24] Brady Street, Whitechapel, London1905
Evelina Mansions [25] Camberwell, London1900
Rebecca House [26] Mile End, London1933

Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

The Improved Industrial Dwellings Company (IIDC) was founded by the stationer (and later Lord Mayor) Sir Sydney Waterlow in 1863.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Asmun's Hill cottages Hampstead Garden Suburb, London1909
Clarendon Buildings [27] Balderton Street, Westminster, London1872
Cobden Buildings [28] King's Cross Road, London1865
Cromwell Building [29] Redcross Way, Camberwell, London1864
Derby Buildings [30] Wicklow Street, Camden Town, Londonc.1865
Grosvenor Estate [31] (now operated by Peabody Trust)Brownhart Gardens, Mayfair, London1886–1982
Leopold Buildings [32] Bakers Rents, Poplar, London1872
Stanley Buildings [33] Midland Road, Camden Town, London1865
Tower Buildings [34] Brewhouse Lane, Wapping, London1864
Waterlow Court [35] [36] Hampstead Garden Suburb, London1907–1909

Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes

Gibson Gardens, Stoke Newington Stoke newington gibson gardens 1.jpg
Gibson Gardens, Stoke Newington

The MAIDIC was the first company to be formed for the specific purpose of providing model homes, in 1844. It built mainly within London.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Albert Cottages [37] Stepney, London1858
Alexandra Cottages [38] [39] Penge, London1866–1868
Gibson Gardens [40] [41] Stoke Newington, London1880
Howard House [42] [43] Deal Street, Stepney, London1864
Victoria Cottages [44] Woodseer Street, Stepney, London1864

Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

The Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company (NUTIIDC) was founded by James Hall [45] in 1859. [46]

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Garth Heads Industrial Workers' Dwellings [47] Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne 1869–1878

Peabody Trust

The first block of Peabody dwellings in Commercial Street, Spitalfields. A wood-engraving published in the Illustrated London News in 1863, shortly before the building opened. The "Peabody" dwellings for the industrious poor. Wellcome L0004875.jpg
The first block of Peabody dwellings in Commercial Street, Spitalfields. A wood-engraving published in the Illustrated London News in 1863, shortly before the building opened.
Whitecross Street Peabody Estate Whitecross Street Estate - geograph.org.uk - 469374.jpg
Whitecross Street Peabody Estate

The Peabody Trust was set up following a huge gift for the poor of London from the banker George Peabody in 1862. [48] It became one of the largest providers of model housing for the working classes.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Abbey Orchard Street Estate [49] Victoria, London1880s
Bethnal Green Peabody Estate [50] Cambridge Crescent, Bethnal Green, London1910
Coleshill Flats [51] Mozart Terrace, Westminster, London1871
Horseferry Peabody Estate [50] Victoria, London1922
Islington Peabody Estate [52] [53] Greenman Street, Islington, London1864–6
Langley Mansions [50] Langley Lane, Vauxhall, London1900
Lawrence Street Peabody Estate [52] Lawrence Street, Chelsea, London1870
Old Pye Street Peabody Estate [50] Victoria, London1880s
Peabody Square [52] Blackfriars Road, Bermondsey, London1871
Pimlico Peabody Estate [50] Peabody Avenue, Pimlico, London1876
Poplar Peabody Estate [50] Elf Row, Poplar, London1866
Shadwell Peabody Estate [50] Glamis Street, Stepney, London1866
Spitalfields Peabody Dwellings [54] [55] Commercial Street, Spitalfields, London1863–4
Tottenham Peabody Estate [50] Lordship Lane, Tottenham, London1907
Whitechapel Peabody Estate [50] John Fisher Street, Whitechapel, London1880s
Whitecross Street Peabody Estate [50] Finsbury, London1883
Wild Street Peabody Estate [50] Drury Lane, Covent Garden, London

Pilrig Model Dwellings Company

This company was founded in Edinburgh in 1849 and built the earliest model dwellings (see colony houses) in Edinburgh. The work of the PMDC was an inspiration to Henry Roberts, who went on to become one of the most prolific architects of model housing. [56]

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Shaw Colonies [57] [58] [59] Shaw's Place, Edinburgh, Scotland 1849–1862

Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes

The SICLC was one of the earliest model dwellings companies. It grew out of the Labourer's Friend Society into a housing provider in 1844 and built a number of properties in London, most of which no longer exist.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of construction
Dimsdale Street (built to SICLC pattern for the Great Exhibition)11 Cowbridge, Hertford, Hertfordshire 1852
Parnell House [60] Streatham Street, Camden Town 1849
Turner Court [61] [62] St Luke's Street, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire 1862

Others

A number of other schemes were built by private individuals or other concerns.

Name of dwellingLocationDate of constructionNotes
Friary Close Marmion Road, Portsmouth1851Gothic style. Architect Thomas Ellis Owen. Comprises 24 individual dwellings and one shop on the Friary Close frontage. [63]
New Court [64] Streatley Place, Hampstead, London1854Block of 30 flats, built for Hugh Jackson, solicitor.
Rosebank Cottages Edinburgh, Scotland1854–1860Built by Sir James Gowans [65] for "the better class of mechanics and others." [66] [67] Modelled on the Pilrig cottages. [21]

See also

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