List of first female pharmacists by country

Last updated

This is a list of the first qualified female pharmacists to practice in each country, where that is known.

Contents

Please note: the list should foremost contain the first female pharmacist with a formal qualification from each country. Historically, it was normal for widows of apothecaries and pharmacist to inherit their late husband's profession without being formally qualified. These cases – and other of note – can be noted in the margin, but should not be listed first.

Africa

CountryPharmacistYear
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin C. Oviasu (née Ukponmwan) [1]
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon Jeanne Ngo Maï [2] 1962
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde Judite (Judith) Lima [3] c. 1961
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Sackey Nee Vanderpuye [4]
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast Hortense Aka-Anghui [5]
Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia Clavenda Parker [6]
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya Wedad Muhammad Al-Senussi Al-Saqzli [7] 1961
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali Rokia Sanogo [8] 1989
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco Fatima Al-Zahra Al-Warzazi [9] 1912
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Lahya Hafeni, Anastancia Aluvilu, Fundisile Msibi, Tumo Pelekekae [10] 2015
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Oreoluwa Green* [11] 1916
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Lily Heymann [12] 1916
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo Abra Amédome [13]
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia Lucia Campisi [14] (born in Italy)
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda Catherine Kisumba [15] 1960
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Nora Price [16] [17] (born in Wales; country then known as Rhodesia)

Americas

CountryPharmacistYear
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Élida Passo [20] 1885
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas Gertrude Burnside [21]
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia Rosa Mercedes Guerra [22] 1921
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Maria Luiza Torrezão [23] 1887
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada A. Adrienne Preevoot [24] 1901
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Griselda Hinojosa [25] 1889
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica Felícitas Chaverri Matamoros [26] 1917
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba María Dolores Marty and Eloisa Figueroa Marty [27] 1886
Flag of Curacao.svg  Curaçao Dymphna van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu [28] 1911
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic Encarnación Piñeyro [29] [30]
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador Mercedes Amanda Martínez and Margarita Lanza [31] 1930
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala Olimpia Altuve [32] 1919
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana Raymonde Horth [33] 1905
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras Corina Barahona [34] 1931
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Esther Luque Muñoz [35] c. 1906
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua Elba Ochomogo Portocarrero de Hernandez [36] 1922
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Nicolasa Butler [37] 1839
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname Esseline Juliette Polanen [38] 1936
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago Amy Cox Rochford [39] c. 1927
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Susan Hayhurst [40] [41] 1883
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela María Fernández Bawden [42] 1927

Asia

CountryPharmacistYear
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan Mahbuba Valiyeva [48] 1971
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain Layla Ahmed Abdulrahman [49]
Flag of India.svg  India Sneh Rani Jain [50]
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia Charlotte Jacobs [51] 1879
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq Josephine Bourjouni and Rahima Youssef [52] 1940
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Aqdas Gharbi and Akhtar Ferdows [53] 1941
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Sarah Mel [54]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Naoe Okamoto [55] 1885
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Nabila Shoura Irsheidat [56] c. 1950s
Flag of Korea (1899).svg  Korea Cha Soon-seok [57] 1924
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Zahie Barakat [58] 1928
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal Bijay Laxmi Shrestha [59]
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman Batool Jaffer [60] 1977
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Nasima Jamil [61] [62] [63] c. 1967
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines Filomena Francisco and Matilde S. Arquiza [64] 1908
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Zakia Malallah [65]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Samira bint Ibrahim Islam [66] 1982
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Lucy Wan [67] [68] 1958
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria Najah Saati [69] 1949
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan Lin Caisan [70] 1951
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Prasit Prakobnil [71]
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Suhaila Al-Awadi [69]
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam Pham Thi Hao [72] [73]

Europe

CountryPharmacistYear
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania Emili Dishnica Gliozheni [74] (then known as Socialist Albania)1961
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Gisela Kun [75] c. 1906
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus H-B. Geronimus (Taubina) [76]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Jeanne Rademackers [77] [78] 1885
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajka Ljubica Jokanovic [79] 1914
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Anna Belizarova Yakova [80] 1911
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Vjera Rojc Katušić [81] 1913
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Ruzena Krontilová-Librova [82] (then known as Czechoslovakia)1904
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Charlotte Schou and Nielsine Schousen [83] 1896
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia Alma Tomingas [84] 1933
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Hilda Amanda Brunberg [85] 1874
Flag of France.svg  France Hélina Leiannier-Gaboriau [86] 1898
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Magdalena Neff [87] 1906
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Polymnia Panagiotidou [88] 1899
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Erzsébet Légrády [89] and Thinagel Szerafin [82] 1903
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland Jóhanna Magnúsdóttir [90] 1928
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Christina Jesop Wilson [91] 1900
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Dorina Crespi Andini [92] 1895
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia Staņislava Dovgjallo [93]
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Juzefa Girdzijevska [94] 1870
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Caterina Vitale [95] 1590
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Aaltje Visser [96] 1868
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia Rajna Aleksova [97] 1906
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Helga Eide [82] 1893
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Antonina Leśniewska [98] [99] 1884
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Maria Serpa dos Santos [100] 1947
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Paulina Cruceanu [101] and Clara Colesin [82] 1892
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Antonina Boleslavovna Lesnevskaya and Zinaida I. Akker [102] 1897
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Desanka Ruvidić Okoličanin [103] 1913
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Ruzena Krontilová-Librova [82] (then known as Czechoslovakia)1904
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Emilija Fon [104] 1915
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Dolores Rodriguez [82] 1893
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Märtha Leth [105] 1897
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Clara Winnicki [106] 1905
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Fatma Belkis Derman [107] 1930
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Anna Mikhailovna Makarova [108] 1892
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Frances Elizabeth Deacon [109] 1870

Oceania

CountryPharmacistYear
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Caroline Copp [116] [117] 1880
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Lila Thakerar [118] 1979
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Elizabeth Robinson [119] 1881

See also

Related Research Articles

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) existed from its founding as the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1841 until 2010. The word "Royal" was added to its name in 1988. It was the statutory regulatory and professional body for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in England, Scotland and Wales. In September 2010, the regulatory powers of the Society were transferred to the newly formed General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). The RPSGB became the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) at that time and retained its professional leadership role; the "Great Britain" part of the name was dropped for day-to-day purposes.

Pharmacy residency is education a pharmacist can pursue beyond the degree required for licensing as a pharmacist. A pharmacy residency program allows for the implementation of skill set and knowledge acquired in pharmacy school through interaction with the public either in a hospital setting or community practice. The program is done over a span of about 2yrs after graduation from pharmacy school and licensure as a pharmacist. Pharmacy residency helps improve the resume of a pharmacist so as to increase chances of obtaining employment outside community practice. A 2022 review suggested that there is sufficient evidence that residency develops key competencies for junior pharmacists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugo Gunckel Lüer</span>

Hugo Gunckel Lüer was a Chilean pharmacist, botanist, and university professor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apollinaire Bouchardat</span>

Apollinaire Bouchardat was a French pharmacist and hygienist born in L'Isle-sur-Serein.

<i>Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals</i> Taxonomy of cases requiring referral

The Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals (CPR) is a taxonomy focused on defining and grouping together situations requiring a referral from pharmacists to physicians regarding the pharmacotherapy used by the patients. It has been published in 2008. It is bilingual: English/Spanish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of pharmacy</span>

The history of pharmacy as a modern and independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century. Before then, pharmacy evolved from antiquity as part of medicine. Before the advent of pharmacists, there existed apothecaries that worked alongside priests and physicians in regard to patient care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of pharmacy in the United States</span>

The history of pharmacy in the United States is the story of a melting pot of new pharmaceutical ideas and innovations drawn from advancements that Europeans shared, Native American medicine and newly discovered medicinal plants in the New World. American pharmacy grew from this fertile mixture, and has impacted U.S. history, and the global course of pharmacy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">María José Alonso</span> Spanish pharmacologist

María José Alonso Fernandez is a full professor of biopharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology at the University of Santiago de Compostela. The laboratory she leads is specialized in pharmaceutical nanotechnology and nanomedicine, and her research is oriented to the development of nanostructures for targeted delivery of drugs and vaccines. Her discoveries have led to significant clinical advances in the development of potential new treatments for cancer, ocular diseases, skin diseases, diabetes, obesity and other autoimmune pathologies, as well as new vaccines.

Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan was a British pharmacist and pioneer of women in pharmacy.

Women have served widely as pharmacists. However, as with women in many jobs, women in pharmacy have been restricted. For example, only in 1964 was the American Civil Rights Act of 1964 enacted, which outlawed refusing to hire women because of their sex including though not limited to in the profession of pharmacist. Even today, not all countries ensure equal employment opportunities for women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elsie Higgon</span> English pharmacist

Elsie Higgon was the first Joint Secretary of the (National) Association of Women Pharmacists; researcher for King's College, the British Medical Journal and the British Pharmaceutical Codex; Lecturer in Chemistry at Portsmouth Municipal College; proprietor pharmacist of two businesses in Hampstead, proprietor of the Gordon Hall School of Pharmacy for Women in Gordon Square, and a supporter of the suffrage movement.

María Elisa Álvarez Obaya was a Spanish pharmacist known for identifying the origin of a mass poisoning case.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luis Torres Díaz</span> Puerto Rican chemist and poet

Luis Torres Díaz was a Puerto Rican chemist, poet, and dean of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Puerto Rico. He is most widely known as the founder of the college's Museum of Pharmacy, the first museum dedicated to the history of a health profession in Puerto Rico. Torres also authored several scientific works, including A Concise History of Pharmacy in Puerto Rico . Throughout his life, Torres wrote poetry for Puerto Rican newspapers and literary magazines, and in 1983 his collected works were published under the title Cántigas del Hondo Amor y Otros Poemas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Héctor Villa Osorio</span> Colombian businessman (1926–2012)

Héctor Villa Osorio Manizales, was a Colombian businessman and the founder of the pharmaceutical conglomerate, Dromayor. He was also the founder of Club del Comercio in Pereira and a strategic partner in construction projects such as Torre Central, Uniplex, and Unicentro Pereira. Net worth USD 300 Million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olimpia Altuve</span> The first Central American woman to get a University degree

Olimpia Altuve was the first Central American woman to obtain a university degree, obtaining her degree in Pharmaceutical Chemistry in 1919.

María Teresa Miras Portugal was a Spanish scientist, pharmacist, biochemist, molecular biologist and Emeritus professor at the Complutense University of Madrid. She was a member of the Spanish "Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia" and served as President of this Institution from 2007 to 2013, becoming the first woman to be elected for this position in a Spanish "Real Academia". She was Honorary President.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pharmacy of the Eastern Vaud Hospitals</span> Interhospital pharmacy in Switzerland

The Pharmacy of the Eastern Vaud Hospitals is an inter-hospital pharmacy constituted as a nonprofit organization on 1 January 1984 by seven regional hospitals in the eastern part of the canton of Vaud, and considered of public interest. It was the second of its kind in Switzerland.

<i>Historia de la medicina y la farmacia en Chile</i> 1957 mural by Julio Escámez

Historia de la medicina y la farmacia en Chile is a mural created in 1957 by the artist Julio Escámez for the former Maluje pharmacy, now the Alemana drugstore, located at 676 Tucapel Street in the city of Concepción. It is one of Escámez's most important works. Until 2015, it was considered a historically preserved building, with a "cultural" category for the city, and was declared a National Monument of Chile, in the category of Historical Monument, through Decree No. 370, dated September 1, 2015.

Elizabeth Leech was an English pharmacist known for her struggle to be admitted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.

References

  1. ↑ Omozusi, N. O. (1997). The Benin Kingdom: A Century After British Invasion. Mufti International Services. ISBN   978-978-2692-14-6.
  2. ↑ Les grandes pionnières du Cameroun (Ed 2007) (in French). Editions Cognito. ISBN   978-9956-412-08-2.
  3. ↑ "25 ANOS: FARMACÊUTICOS UNIDOS PELA LÍNGUA COMUM" (PDF). Associação de Farmacêuticos dos Países de Língua Portuguesa.
  4. ↑ Nkrumah, I. K. (1974-12-17). Daily Graphic: Issue 7522 December 17 1974. Graphic Communications Group.
  5. ↑ "Allocution – Cérémonie d'ouverture du Salon « PHARMAFRICA EXPO 2017 » – Présidence de la république de Côte d'ivoire" (in French). Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  6. ↑ "Trailblazing African Female Global Health Leaders Receive USP CePAT's Top Honors". Pharmacy Times. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  7. ↑ "إكتشف 5 معلومات عن أول صيدلانية في تاريخ ليبيا". www.afrigatenews.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  8. ↑ "Professeur Rokia SANOGO: Une Nyéléni de la profession pharmaceutique au Mali". www.cnop.sante.gov.ml. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  9. ↑ "لحسن العسبي: كيف ومتى دخل الطب الحديث إلى المغرب؟ ميلاد أكبر مستشفى مدني بالمغرب بمراكش "مستشفى موشان" سنة 1913 (ح. 23) || ANFASPRESS - أنفاس بريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية - جريدة إلكترونية مغربية تجدد على مدار الساعة - المغرب - ANFAS PRESS ( Ariri Abderrahim )". anfaspress.com. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
  10. ↑ "First batch of pharmacists graduate | Namibia Economist". Namibia Economist. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
  11. ↑ Ayandayo, Babs (2021-03-02). "Meet Ore Green: The first female pharmacist in West Africa". Read Nigeria Network. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  12. ↑ Rosenthal, Eric (1982). Total Book of South African Records. Delta Books. ISBN   978-0-908387-19-9.
  13. ↑ "'Top Ladies 2018' veut mettre en lumière des icônes pour servir de référence à la jeune génération". Togo en live (in French). 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  14. ↑ "Mes odyssées en Méditerranée: Lucia Campisi, première femme pharmacienne de Tunisie". La Presse de Tunisie (in French). 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  15. ↑ "PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF UGANDA". PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF UGANDA. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  16. ↑ Profiles of Rhodesia's Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women of Rhodesia. 1976. ISBN   978-0-7974-0167-9.
  17. ↑ The Countrywoman. Associated Country Women of the World. 1961.
  18. ↑ Balogun, Joseph Abiodun (2021). Health Professions in Nigeria. Springer Nature. ISBN   978-981-16-3311-9.
  19. ↑ القادر, معالج، عبد (2004). الصحافة النسائية في تونس (in Arabic). الوكالة المتوسطية للصحافة،. ISBN   978-9973-865-20-5.
  20. ↑ Barrancos, Dora (2012-07-01). Mujeres en la sociedad Argentina: Una historia de cinco siglos (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina. ISBN   978-950-07-3983-2.
  21. ↑ "Allyson Maynard Gibson on the passing of Jackson Burnside". The Bahamas Weekly. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  22. ↑ Mujer (Bolivia), Coordinadora de la (2006). La participacion de las mujeres en la historia de Bolivia (in Spanish). Coordinadora de la Mujer.
  23. ↑ "MARIA LUIZA TORREZÃO, A PRIMEIRA FARMACÊUTICA DO BRASIL 1887". CRF-CE (in Portuguese). 2018-07-30. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  24. ↑ Druggists' Circular. Oil, Paint and Drug Publishing Company, Incorporated. 1907.
  25. ↑ "Bicentenarias". www.bicentenarias.cl. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  26. ↑ "UCR homenajeará a la primera mujer farmacéutica en el país". ElPais.cr. November 17, 2017.
  27. ↑ Marchante Castellanos, Pilar; Merchán González, Francisco (March 2012). "Las primeras cubanas graduadas de Farmacia". Revista Cubana de Farmacia. 46 (1): 117–126. ISSN   0034-7515.
  28. ↑ "Berichten uit de Kolonie: Examen" (PDF). Amigoe di Curacao: weekblad voor de Curacaosche eilanden. May 6, 1911.
  29. ↑ Enciclopedia dominicana (in Spanish). Enciclopédica Dominicana, S.A. 1999. ISBN   978-976-8156-38-9.
  30. ↑ Ferreras, Ramón Alberto (1976). Historia del feminismo en la Republica Dominicana: su origen y proyección social (in Spanish). Editora Cosmos.
  31. ↑ Meyer, Carlos Infante (2002). Historia de la química y farmacia en El Salvador: época precolombina, siglo XIX (in Spanish). Centro Oftalmológico Infante Meyer.
  32. ↑ Women of Today. Women of Today Press. 1925.
  33. ↑ ""Portraits de femmes Guyanaises" de Aline Belfort : hommage à la femme Guyanaise". Guyane la 1ère (in French). 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  34. ↑ "LAS PRIMERAS". Diario La Tribuna (in Spanish). 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  35. ↑ León Olivares, Felipe (2010). "Esther Luque: primera farmacéutica mexicana". Educación química (in Spanish). 21 (2): 150–154. doi: 10.1016/S0187-893X(18)30165-4 . ISSN   0187-893X.
  36. ↑ Fonseca, Elías Corea (2000). Historia de la medicina en Nicaragua (in Spanish). Autor.
  37. ↑ Actas y trabajos: Segundo Congreso Farmaceútico Panamericano, 12. al 8 de diciembre de 1951 (in Spanish). 1951.
  38. ↑ Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. "Portret van Esseline Polanen - &". magazines.cultureelerfgoed.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  39. ↑ Personalities Caribbean. Personalities Limited. 1983.
  40. ↑ "Susan Hayhurst". American Journal of Pharmacy. 83. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science: 32–39. 1911. Retrieved November 29, 2016– via Google Books.
  41. ↑ Henderson, Metta Lou; Worthen, Dennis B. (March 8, 2002). American Women Pharmacists: Contributions to the Profession. CRC Press. p. 10. ISBN   978-0-7890-1092-6 . Retrieved November 29, 2016– via Google Books.
  42. ↑ Anales de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (in Spanish). Tipografía Universal. 1927.
  43. ↑ Women, American Association of University (1941). Journal of the American Association of University Women. The Association.
  44. ↑ Women in Medicine: Official Quarterly of American Medical Women's Association (Inc.) ... 1942.
  45. ↑ Henderson, Metta Lou; Worthen, Dennis B. (March 8, 2002). American Women Pharmacists: Contributions to the Profession. CRC Press. p. 2. ISBN   978-0-7890-1092-6 . Retrieved October 31, 2016.|
  46. ↑ Royster, Jacqueline Jones (2003). "Ella Nora Phillips Myers Stewart." Profiles of Ohio Women, 1803 –2003. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. ISBN   9780821415085. p. 97.
  47. ↑ "Ella Stewart." Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 39. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Accessed via Biography in Context database, 2016-07-02. Available online via Encyclopedia.com.
  48. ↑ "Ölkəmizin ilk və yeganə qadın əczaçılıq elmləri doktoru". Xalqqazeti.com. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  49. ↑ "First for Bahrain: Women in medicine". Citizens for Bahrain. 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  50. ↑ "राष्ट्रीय फार्मा सम्मेलन का हुआ आयोजन,उत्कृष्ट कार्य करने वालों का सम्मान". City Channel. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  51. 1 2 Wierper-Jenowein, Annette (October 2014). "[Charlotte Jacobs 1847–1916. First female pharmacist in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies]". Bulletin – Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie (127): 4–18. ISSN   1370-7515. PMID   25528791.
  52. ↑ "أول كلية فتحت أبوابها لقبول الطالبات". درر العراق (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  53. ↑ "اولین پزشکان ایرانی زن و قضیه اقدس غربی!/عکس". ایران آرت (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  54. ↑ בלומנטל, איתי (2021-01-05). "הלכה לעולמה "הרוקחת העברייה הראשונה" שרה מל". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  55. ↑ Takahashi, Fumi; Kobayashi, Keiko (2005). "[Fragments of information of Naoe Okamoto – the life of one of Japan's first female pharmacists.]". Yakushigaku Zasshi. 40 (1): 52–61. ISSN   0285-2314. PMID   16217908.
  56. ↑ "من هي اول صيدلانية مارست مهنة الصيدلة في الأردن؟". مجلة علوم الصيدلة الإلكترونية (in Arabic). 2021-09-11. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  57. ↑ "여약사의 현재와 미래가 여성사적 문화 가치 창출할 것 - 여성소비자신문". www.wsobi.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  58. ↑ "⁨FIRST WOMAN PHARMACIST IN THE LEBANON". The Palestine Bulletin⁩. 26 November 1928. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  59. ↑ Majupuria, Indra (2007). Nepalese Women: A Vivid Account of the Status and Role of Nepalese Women in the Total Spectrum of Life, Religious, Social, Economic, Political, and Legal : Gender Approach to Development, Impact on Gender Relations Under Social, Economic, and Political Dimensions. Rohit Kumar. ISBN   978-974-89675-6-1.
  60. ↑ "Program Book – INRUD". Third International Conference for Improving Use of Medicines (ICIUM 2011). Retrieved 2021-11-13.
  61. ↑ Anjum, Zāhid Ḥusain (1992). Pākistān men̲ avval avval: insāʼīklopīḍiyā (in Urdu). Maktabah-yi Taʻmīr-i Insāniyyat.
  62. ↑ Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan. Pakistan Herald Publications. 1967.
  63. ↑ Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1982.
  64. ↑ Ingles, Raul Rafael (2008). 1908: The Way it Really was : Historical Journal for the UP Centennial, 1908–2008. UP Press. ISBN   978-971-542-580-3.
  65. ↑ الراية, جريدة (2 December 2020). "انطلاق أولى جلسات ماذا أهديت لقطر". KLYOUM.COM (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  66. ↑ "نجاح الساعاتي رحلت بصمت … أول صيدلانية عربية وأول دكتورة في الاقتصاد السياسي ومن أوائل البرلمانيات". Nobles News (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  67. ↑ "Our Tribute to Professor Lucy Wan (1933–2017) | Pharmaceutical Society of Singapore". www.pss.org.sg. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  68. ↑ "Lucy Wan". Singapore Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  69. 1 2 Arenfeldt, Pernille; Golley, Nawar Al-Hassan (2012). Mapping Arab Women's Movements: A Century of Transformations from Within. Oxford University Press. p. 86. ISBN   978-977-416-498-9.
  70. ↑ 黄静宜. 醫療從愛出發《第十一屆醫療奉獻獎個人獎得主素描》林蔡娩老藥師關懷弱勢 用心又專情. 《民生报》. 2001-05-08 （中文（台湾））
  71. ↑ Plēngwitthayā, Prachōt (1994). Rāingān phon kānwičhai rư̄ang phēsatchakam hǣng Krung Rattanakōsin nai rō̜p 200 pī (in Thai). Sathāban Thaisưksā, Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai.
  72. ↑ "Open Concept Kitchen". Santa Fe Reporter. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  73. ↑ Merriam, Douglas (2021). "Chef Hue-Chan Karels' Recipe for Life and Living". Santa Fean.
  74. ↑ Edi Shukriu:Gra të shquara shqiptare I, "Teuta", Prishtinë, 2003, fq. 90 – 91.
  75. ↑ The Woman's Medical Journal. Recorder Publishing Company. 1906.
  76. ↑ "ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕПАМЯТНИКИ И МЕСТАВ ПИНСКЕ, СВЯЗАННЫЕС АПТЕЧНЫМ ДЕЛОМ" (PDF).
  77. ↑ Julien, Pierre (1983). "La pharmacie au pays de Liège : Jean-François Angenot, La pharmacie et l'art de guérir au pays de Liège des origines à nos jours". Revue d'Histoire de la Pharmacie. 71 (259): 343–344.
  78. ↑ "ULg Bicentenaire – Galerie des Recteurs". 200.ulg.ac.be (in French). Retrieved 2021-11-08.
  79. ↑ "Vladimir Becić (1886.-1954.) : Iva Susec Andreis, Zvonko Maković". www.kucazasunce.com. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  80. ↑ Стоянова, С (2018). "РАЗСТОЯНИЕТО МЕЖДУ МЕЧТИ И РЕАЛНОСТ СЕ НАРИЧА ДЕйСТВИЕ ИЛИ КАКВО Е ДА БЪДЕШ СРЕД ПЪРВИТЕ ЖЕНИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ?". Социална медицина.
  81. ↑ "Vjera Rojc Katušić (1889–1970)" . Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  82. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jordi, R. "DIVULGACIÓ DE LA HISTÒRIA D'APOTECARIS, APOTECARIES, FARMACÈUTICS IFARMÀCIES A CATALUNYA.PART IMPORTANT DE LA HISTÒRIA DEL COL·LEGI DE FARMACÈUTICSDE BARCELONA ES TROBA GUARDADA A L'ATENEU BARCELONÈS: Llibre de la Magdalena" (PDF). ELS SOCIS ESCRIUEN PER ALS SOCIS.
  83. ↑ "kvinders retlige stilling | lex.dk". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  84. ↑ "Andmed – Nimed". www.ra.ee. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  85. ↑ Peldán, Kerttu (1967). Suomen farmasian historia (in Finnish). Suomen Farmaseuttinen Yhdistys.
  86. ↑ La France médicale (in French). 1906.
  87. ↑ Beisswanger, Gabriele.: Frauen in der Pharmazie : die Geschichte eines Frauenberufes. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN   3-7692-2905-3.
  88. ↑ "Από τη Spezieria στο φαρμακείο". farmakeutikoskosmos.gr. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  89. ↑ "Légrády Erzsébet, az első magyar nő, aki gyógyszerészdoktori címet szerzett (1874–1959)". Nőkért.hu (in Hungarian). 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  90. ↑ "Tímarit um lyfjafræði – 2. tbl. 2015 by Sökkólfur ehf. - Issuu". issuu.com. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  91. ↑ "A trip back in time for commemoration". 2012-04-11. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  92. ↑ The Northwestern Druggist: A Progressive Journal for Retail Druggists. 1906.
  93. ↑ Из истории медицины (in Latvian). Pauli Stradini Museum Historiae Medicinae. 2002.
  94. ↑ "Vilma Gudienė. Socialiniai. bruožai. XIX a. XX a. pirmoji pusė – PDF Free Download". LSMU Leidybos namai. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  95. ↑ "'Sex In the City' tour: The knights and their ladies of the night". The Malta Independent. 25 March 2007. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.
  96. ↑ "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". resources.huygens.knaw.nl (in Dutch). 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  97. ↑ "Рајна Алексова, прва жена фармацевт во Македонија, нејзиниот живот содржи сè, историја, романтика, идеализам, жртва и трагедија". Слободен печат (in Macedonian). 2020-05-01. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  98. ↑ "Kobiety w aptece". nazdrowie.pl (in Polish). 2009-12-29. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  99. ↑ Two nuns of Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Filipina and Konstancja Studzińskie, was given dispensation to take a degree in pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University in 1824, and Jadwiga Klemensiewicz, Janina Kosmowska and Stanisława Dowgiałłówna became the first female pharmacists to graduate in Poland rather than abroad.
  100. ↑ "A mulher na Farmácia em Portugal". Há + Vida (in European Portuguese). 2020-09-21. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  101. ↑ "Tragicul destin al primei femei farmacist din România: Paulina Cruceanu". Editia de Dimineata (in Romanian). 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  102. ↑ Женщины России - Вчера, Сегодня, Завтра: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Izdatelʹskiĭ t︠s︡entr "Rossii︠a︡ molodai︠a︡". 1994. ISBN   978-5-86646-069-4.
  103. ↑ "Zanimljivosti iz sveta farmacije". Moj Nedeljnik. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  104. ↑ "Fon, Emilija (1897–1984) – Slovenska biografija". www.slovenska-biografija.si. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
  105. ↑ Idun 29 januari 1897: Martha Leth. Sveriges första kvinnliga farmaceut
  106. ↑ Franziska Rogger: Der Doktorhut im Besenschrank: Das abenteuerliche Leben der ersten Studentinnen – am Beispiel der Universität Bern. Bern 1999/2002, ISBN 978-3-905561-32-6, S. 63–71.
  107. ↑ Tekiner, Halil; Mat, Afife (2019). "Fatma Belkis Derman (1906–1958): The first female community pharmacist in Turkey". PHARMACEUTICAL HISTORIAN.
  108. 1 2 Corigliano, Norma Noonan; Noonan, Norma C.; Nechemias, Carol (2001). Encyclopedia of Russian Women's Movements. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN   978-0-313-30438-5.
  109. ↑ "Looking back at 175 years of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society". 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  110. ↑ The Pharmaceutical Era. D. O. Haynes & Company. 1899.
  111. ↑ "Významné osobnosti z řad židovských farmaceutů z českých zemí od ppt stáhnout". slideplayer.cz. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
  112. ↑ Naumann, Rolf (1953). "Anna, Kurfürstin von Sachsen". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
  113. ↑ Женщины России - Вчера, Сегодня, Завтра: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Izdatelʹskiĭ t︠s︡entr "Rossii︠a︡ molodai︠a︡". 1994. ISBN   978-5-86646-069-4.
  114. ↑ Levertin Alfred, Schimmelpfennig Carl Fredrik Vilhelm, Ahlberg Karl, red (1910–1918). Sveriges apotekarhistoria från konung Gustaf I:s till närvarande tid. Bd 1, Stockholms stad, Stockholms län, Uppsala län, Södermanlands län, Östergötlands län, Jönköpings län, Kronobergs län. Stockholm: Ernst Westerbergs boktr.
  115. ↑ "Agnes Hildegard Arvidson". skbl.se. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  116. ↑ "Women in pharmacy: Key dates in history | AJP". ajp.com.au. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  117. ↑ Chemist and Druggist: The Newsweekly for Pharmacy. Benn Brothers. 1894.
  118. ↑ "How a pharmacist received an MBE for helping people access benefits". C+D Jobs. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  119. ↑ "First registered female pharmacist". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.