List of ginseng diseases and pests

Healthy American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) in late fall with red berries, grown under wooden shade in Monk Ginseng Garden, in Weston, Wisconsin, United States

Ginseng is an agricultural product affected by many plant pathogens and pests. Roots are harvested from the wild, or cultivated agriculturally. The information here concerns "true" ginseng species in the genus Panax .

Fungi

• Actinomucor ^[1]
• Alternaria ^[1]
  • Alternaria alternata (black spot disease) ^{[2] [3]}
  • Alternaria panax (black spot disease) ^{[4] [2] [3]}
• Aschersonia ^{[1] [5]}
• Aspergillus ^[1]
• Botrytis cinerea (gray mold disease) ^[2]
• Chalara ^[1]
• Cladosporium ^{[1] [5]}
• Clonostachys ^[1]
• Colletotrichum ^[1]
  • Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (anthracnose disease) ^[2]
  • Colletotrichum dematium (anthracnose disease) ^[2]
• Cylindrocarpon ^{[4] [1]}
  • Cylindrocarpon panacis (root rot disease) ^[2]
• Diploceccium ^[1]
• Epicoccum ^[1]
• Erysiphe ^[3]
  • Erysiphe panacis ^[3]
• Eutypella ^[1]
  • Eutypella scoparia ^[5]
• Fusarium ^{[4] [1] [5] [3]}
  • Fusarium flocciferum ^[1]
  • Fusarium oxysporum (root rot disease) ^{[6] [2] [1]}
  • Fusarium solani (root rot disease) ^[2]
• Golovinomyces biocellatus , formerly Oidium erysiphoides ^[7] (P. notoginseng powdery mildew disease) ^[2]
• Haematonectria ^[1]
• Ilyonectria ^[1]
  • Ilyonectria crassa ^[8]
  • Ilyonectria destructans , formerly Cylindrocarpon destructans ^{[9] [3]} (root rot disease) ^{[2] [1] [5]}
  • Ilyonectria liliigena ^[5]
  • Ilyonectria mors-panacis ^{[8] [1]}
  • Ilyonectria panacis ^[8]
  • Ilyonectria robusta ^{[8] [10]}
• Magnaporthe ^[1]
• Meloderma ^[1]
• Mycocentrospora ^[1]
  • Mycocentrospora acerina (round spot disease) ^[2]
• Neonectria ^[1]
• Neurospora ^[1]
  • Neurospora sitophila ^[5]
• Pestalotiopsis ^[1]
• Phoma ^[1]
  • Phoma herbarum ^[1]
• Phomopsis ^[1]
• Plectosphaerella ^[1]
  • Plectosphaerella cucumerina ^[1]
• Ramularia ^[4]
• Rhexocercosporidium panacis ^[11]
• Rhizoctonia ^[1]
  • Rhizoctonia solani (blight disease) ^{[2] [3]}
• Rhizopus ^[1]
• Sclerotiniaceae ^[1]
  • Sclerotinia ^[4]
• Thelonectria ^[1]
• Verticillium ^[1]

Oomycota

• Phytophthora (root rot disease) ^{[4] [2] [1]}
  • Phytophthora cactorum (root rot disease) ^{[2] [1] [3]}
  • Phytophthora citricola ^[12]
• Pythium ^{[4] [1]}
  • Pythium altimum ^[3]
  • Pythium irregulare ^[1]

Bacteria

• Pseudomonas (root rot disease) ^[2]
  • Pseudomonas marginalis , ^[13] formerly Pseudomonas panacis ^{[14] [15]} (rusty root) ^[13]

Viruses

• Potyvirus panax , ^[2] formerly Panax virus Y ^{[16] [17]}
• Begomovirus solanumflavuschinaense , ^{[2] [17]} formerly Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus ^[18]
• Betasatellite solaniflavuschinaense , ^{[2] [17]} formerly Tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite ^[19]
• P. notoginseng virus A ^{[2] [17]}
• Polerovirus TVDV , ^{[2] [17]} formerly tobacco vein distorting virus ^[20]

Animals

• Acusta despecta sieboldtiana ^[3]
• Ditylenchus destructor ^[3]
• Meloidogyne hapla (root-knot nematode disease) ^{[2] [3]}
• Slugs ^{[4] [3]}

Endophytes

Endophytes are symbiotic organisms that are not pathogenic.

• Drechmeria panacis ^[21]
• Trichoderma panacis ^[22]
• Verruconis panacis ^[23]

References

1. Wang, Zhaobei; Wang, Shuoye; Yang, Hongyan (2024). "Understanding the Pathogenesis, Biocontrol Mechanisms, and Factors Influencing Biocontrol Effectiveness for Soil-Borne Diseases in Panax Plants". Microorganisms. 12 (11): 2278. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12112278 . ISSN   2076-2607. OCLC   10454922174. PMC   11596276 . PMID   39597667.
2. Li, Jianbin; Bao, Yongli; Wang, Zirui; Yang, Qian; Cui, Xiuming (September 2022). "Research progress in diseases of Panax notoginseng". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 121 101878. Elsevier. Bibcode:2022PMPP..12101878L. doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2022.101878. ISSN   0885-5765. OCLC   9614079359 . Retrieved 29 May 2025.
3. Court, William E. (May 30, 2000). Ginseng, the Genus Panax. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. CRC Press. ISBN   9781135287436. OCLC   1193952726. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
4. Thompson, Craig (2025). Ginseng Roots. New York, NY: Pantheon. ISBN   9780593700778. OCLC   1485645273.
5. Durairaj, Kaliannan; Velmurugan, Palanivel; Park, Jung-Hee; Chang, Woo-Suk; Park, Yool-Jin; Senthilkumar, Palaninaicker; Choi, Kyung-Min; Lee, Jeong-Ho; Oh, Byung-Taek (October 2018). "An investigation of biocontrol activity Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains against Panax ginseng root rot fungal phytopathogens". Biological Control. 125: 138–146. Bibcode:2018BiolC.125..138D. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.05.021. ISSN   1049-9644. OCLC   7670398153 . Retrieved 6 June 2025.
6. Zhang, Jinhao; Wei, Lanfang; Yang, Jun; Ahmed, Waqar; Wang, Yating; Fu, Lina; Ji, Guanghai (29 April 2020). "Probiotic Consortia: Reshaping the Rhizospheric Microbiome and Its Role in Suppressing Root-Rot Disease of Panax notoginseng". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11 701. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00701 . ISSN   1664-302X. OCLC   8600896927. PMC   7203884 . PMID   32425904.
7. "Golovinomyces biocellatus". Mycobank. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
8. Cabral, Ana; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Rego, Cecília; Oliveira, Helena; Crous, Pedro W. (27 July 2011). "Cylindrocarpon root rot: multi-gene analysis reveals novel species within the Ilyonectria radicicola species complex". Mycological Progress. 11 (3): 655–688. doi:10.1007/s11557-011-0777-7. ISSN   1617-416X. OCLC   5660275560. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
9. "Ilyonectria destructans". Mycobank. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
10. Mora-Sala, Beatriz; Cabral, Ana; León, Maela; Agustí-Brisach, Carlos; Armengol, Josep; Abad-Campos, Paloma (6 September 2018). "Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries". Plant Disease. 102 (11). The American Phytopathological Society: 2088. Bibcode:2018PlDis.102.2083M. doi:10.1094/PDIS-01-18-0171-RE. ISSN   1943-7692. OCLC   7834270621. PMID   30189159 . Retrieved 14 June 2025.
11. Reeleder, R.D. (23 January 2017). "Rhexocercosporidium panacis sp. nov., a new anamorphic species causing rusted root of ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)". Mycologia. 99 (1): 91–98. doi:10.1080/15572536.2007.11832604. ISSN   0027-5514. OCLC   9979838313. PMID   17663127 . Retrieved 7 June 2025.
12. Hill, S. N.; Hurtado-Gonzales, O. P.; Lamour, K. H.; Hausbeck, M. K. (13 November 2008). "First Report of Mefenoxam Sensitivity and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora citricola Isolated from American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium)". Plant Disease. 92 (12). The American Phytopathological Society: 1706. Bibcode:2008PlDis..92.1706H. doi:10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1706A. ISSN   1943-7692. OCLC   7999625133. PMID   30764320 . Retrieved 14 June 2025.
13. Park; Lee, HB; et al. (Jul 2005). "Pseudomonas panacis sp. nov., isolated from the surface of rusty roots of Korean ginseng". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol . 55 (Pt 4): 1721–4. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.63592-0 . PMID   16014508.
14. "Species Pseudomonas panacis". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
15. Kujur, Ritu Rani Archana; Deb, Sushanta; Das, Subrata K. (4 May 2022). "Genome analysis of Pseudomonas species reveals that Pseudomonas panacis Park et al. 2005 is a later heterotypic synonym of Pseudomonas marginalis (Brown 1918) Stevens 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 72 (5). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005354. ISSN   1466-5026. OCLC   9491171263. PMID   35507398 . Retrieved 30 May 2025.
16. "2024 release of Species Potyvirus panax (MSL 40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. February 2025. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
17. YANG, Xin; MENG, Yu; LI, Mei-rong; LI, Xiao-jing; BAO, Gai-li; ZHU, Jing; LIU, Qin-li; LAN, Ping-xiu; LI, Fan (2019). "Occurrence and virus detection of Panax notoginseng viral diseases in Yunnan Province". Acta Phytopathologica Sinica (in Chinese). 49 (4): 456–464. doi:10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000395. ISSN   0412-0914 . Retrieved 29 May 2025.
18. "2024 release of Species Begomovirus solanumflavuschinaense (MSL 40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. February 2025. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
19. "2024 release of Species Betasatellite solaniflavuschinaense (MSL 40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. February 2025. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
20. "2024 release of Species Polerovirus TVDV (MSL 40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. February 2025. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
21. Yu, Ying; Hou, Shao-Yang; Sun, Zhao-Lun; Zhang, Meng-Yue; Zhang, Tian-Yuan; Zhang, Yi-Xuan (16 August 2018). "Drechmeria panacis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from Panax notoginseng". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 68 (10): 3255–3259. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002971. ISSN   1466-5026. OCLC   7809448106. PMID   30113296 . Retrieved 30 May 2025.
22. Liu, Shan-Yi; Yu, Ying; Zhang, Tian-Yuan; Zhang, Meng-Yue; Zhang, Yi-Xuan (6 April 2020). "Trichoderma panacis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from Panax notoginseng". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (5): 3162–3166. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004144. ISSN   1466-5026. OCLC   8570491453. PMID   32250241. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
23. Zhang, Tian-Yuan; Yu, Ying; Zhang, Meng-Yue; Cheng, Juan; Chen, Zhong-Jian; Zhang, Jin-Yu; Zhang, Yi-Xuan (20 June 2018). "Verruconis panacis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from Panax notoginseng". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 68 (8): 2499–2503. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002862. ISSN   1466-5026. OCLC   7700449415. PMID   29923818 . Retrieved 8 June 2025.