List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev

Last updated

This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

Contents

Summary of visits

List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
One visit
Two visits
Three visits
Four visits
Soviet Union List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev.svg
List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev
  One visit
  Two visits
  Three visits
  Four visits
  Soviet Union
Gorbachev at the Brandenburg Gate in April 1986 Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1986-0416-418, Berlin, Michail Gorbatschow an der Mauer.jpg
Gorbachev at the Brandenburg Gate in April 1986
Gorbachev addressing UN General Assembly session, 1988 RIAN archive 828797 Mikhail Gorbachev addressing UN General Assembly session.jpg
Gorbachev addressing UN General Assembly session, 1988
Ronald and Nancy Reagan, as well as the Gorbachevs in the Cross Hall of the White House before a state dinner, 8 December 1987 President Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, Raisa Gorbachev, and Mikhail Gorbachev in Cross Hall before a state dinner for the Washington Summit.jpg
Ronald and Nancy Reagan, as well as the Gorbachevs in the Cross Hall of the White House before a state dinner, 8 December 1987

This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

1985

The closing joint-press conference of the Geneva Summit, 21 November 1985 President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev at the Geneva Summit.jpg
The closing joint-press conference of the Geneva Summit, 21 November 1985

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1985:

CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of France.svg France Paris 2–5 October [1] Met with President François Mitterrand. [2]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands The Hague 2 November [3]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland Geneva 19–21 NovemberSee Geneva Summit (1985)
Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg Bulgaria Sofia 8 December Warsaw Pact summit [4]

1986

President Reagan and Gorbachev outside Hofdi in Reykjavik Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev.jpg
President Reagan and Gorbachev outside Höfði in Reykjavík

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1986:

CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany East Berlin 17–21 April11th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany [5] [6]
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Budapest 8-12 June State visit and Warsaw Pact summit. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Flag of Poland.svg Poland Warsaw 29 June – 3 July State visit [12]
Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Reykjavík 11–12 OctoberSee Reykjavík Summit [13]
Flag of Austria.svg Austria Vienna OctoberWorking visit [14]
Flag of India.svg India New Delhi 25–28 November [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]

1987

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1987:

CountryCities visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia Prague
Bratislava
9–12 April State visit. [20] It was postponed for four days due to Gorbachev having a "cold". [21] [22] This also caused him to end his trip a day early so he could get a some rest before meeting with Secretary James Baker of the US the following week. [23]
Flag of France.svg France Paris May State visit [24]
Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania Bucharest 25–28 May [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire 7 DecemberEn route to Washington, D.C.
Flag of the United States.svg United States Washington, D.C. 7–10 DecemberSigning of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit (1987). [31]

1988

Gorbachev (right) and his spouse Raisa Gorbacheva after a meeting in Wawel Castle during a visit to Poland, July 1988 RIAN archive 28133 Gorbachev with spouse in Poland.jpg
Gorbachev (right) and his spouse Raisa Gorbacheva after a meeting in Wawel Castle during a visit to Poland, July 1988

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1988:

CountryLocations visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia Belgrade
Dubrovnik [32]
Brdo pri Kranju [33]
14-19 March State visit. [34] [35] [36]
Flag of Poland.svg Poland Warsaw
Kraków
Szczecin
11–17 July State visit [37] and Warsaw Pact summit [38] [39] [40] [41]
Flag of India.svg India New Delhi 17–21 November [42] [43]
Flag of the United States.svg United States New York City 7–8 DecemberGorbachev left the Governors Island Summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day. [44] See Governors Island Summit.

1989

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1989:

CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Shannon, County Clare 2 AprilStopover visit en route to Cuba. Met with Taoiseach Charles Haughey and Tánaiste Brian Lenihan Snr at Shannon Airport. [45] [46]
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Havana 2–5 April State visit [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom London 6–8 AprilHe was also received at Heathrow Airport by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with full military honors provided by the Queen's Colour Squadron. [52] He was also received with full military honors from the Coldstream Guards at Windsor Castle with Queen Elizabeth II. [53]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Beijing 15–18 MaySee 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit [54] [55] [56]
Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Bonn 12–16 June [57] [58] [59]
Flag of France.svg France Paris
Strasbourg
4–6 July [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65]
Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany East Berlin 6–7 OctoberAttended the GDR's ruby jubilee military parade and celebrations. [66] [67] [59]
Flag of Finland.svg Finland Helsinki
Oulu
25–27 OctoberState visit. Met with President Mauno Koivisto and Prime Minister Harri Holkeri [68] [69] [70]
Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City Vatican City 29 NovemberMet with Pope John Paul II. [71] [72]
Flag of Italy.svg Italy Rome 29 November – 1 December [73] State Visit [74] [75] [76] [77] [78]
Flag of Malta.svg Malta Birżebbuġa ( Maksim Gorkiy )1–3 DecemberSee Malta Summit [79] [80]

1990

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1990:

CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Ottawa 29–30 MayHe visited on a 36-hour stopover to Washington, in which he was received by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, with the latter welcoming him with full honors at the airport by the RCMP. [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86]
Flag of the United States.svg United States Washington
Camp David
30 May–3 JuneSigned the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord. See Washington Summit
Flag of the United States.svg United States Twin Cities,

Minnesota

3 June State visit where he met with Governor Rudy Perpich at the Minnesota Governor's Residence, then toured the Twin Cities including the Minnesota State Capitol, culminating in a meeting with various Minnesotan companies at the Minneapolis Radisson Hotel and visiting the Control Data Corporation in Bloomington. [87] [88] [89]
Flag of Finland.svg Finland Helsinki 9 SeptemberDiscussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with U.S. President George H.W. Bush. [90] [91] [92] See Helsinki Summit
Flag of France.svg France Paris 19 NovemberSigning of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

1991

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1991:

CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg Japan Tokyo 15–19 April [93] [94] [95]
Flag of South Korea (1984-1997).svg South Korea Seoul 19 April [96]
Flag of Norway.svg Norway Oslo 4–5 June Nobel Peace Prize acceptance [97]
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Stockholm 6 JuneWorking visit. met with Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson and Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello. [98]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom London 17 JulyHe attended the 17th G7 summit at the invitation of Prime Minister John Major.
Flag of Spain.svg Spain Madrid 29–30 OctoberSee Madrid Conference of 1991

Cancelled visits

CountryAreas to be visitedDate(s)Details
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Mexico City 1987 [99] [100]
Flag of Greece.svg Greece Athens 1987 [101]
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Havana 1988[ citation needed ]
Flag of Norway.svg Norway Oslo 10 December 1990Was supposed to accept the Nobel Peace Prize [102] [103]

See also

References

  1. "Gorbachev arrives in Paris Wednesday".
  2. Medvedev 1986, pp. 237–238; McCauley 1998, p. 142; Taubman 2017, pp. 278–279.
  3. "Gorbachev tried to delay deployment decision with Dutch Missiles". Associated Press .
  4. Binder, David (8 December 1985). "Going Back: Bulgaria, 20 Years Later". The New York Times.
  5. Media, rbb (26 May 2017). "Gorbachev visits East Berlin, April 17, 1986". Footage Berlin.
  6. Markham, James M. (22 April 1986). "East Germany: How Much Leeway?". The New York Times.
  7. "Soviet's leader Mikhail Gorbachev , his wife Raisa Gorbacheva and". 7 January 2019.
  8. "Television Announces Gorbachev To Visit Hungary". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  9. "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev left for Budapest Sunday to..." UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  10. Kaufman, Michael T. (10 June 1986). "Gorbachev Offers an a-Plant Pact". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  11. Diehl, Jackson (9 June 1986). "Gorbachev and Kadar Meet 4 1/2 Hours, Focus on Economy". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  12. "AROUND THE WORLD; Gorbachev Said to Plan Trip to Polish Congress". The New York Times. 29 June 1986.
  13. "The Reykjavik Summit". The Reagan Vision. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  14. История России в новейшее время 1985-2009 гг. Учебник. Издательство "Проспект". 23 June 2017. ISBN   9785392011537.
  15. Thom Shanker, Chicago Tribune. "India's Cheers Greet Gorbachev". Chicago Tribune .
  16. Los Angeles Times [ dead link ]
  17. "Surprises on Gorbachev's India trip. Soviet leader concentrates on nation rather than region - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor .
  18. "India rolls out red carpet for Gorbachev. Visit seen as turning point in strengthening Indo-Soviet ties - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor .
  19. "Gorbachev visit to India announced".
  20. "Gorbachev visit stirs up Czechoslovakia. Once again, people are talking openly of politics - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor .
  21. "Report Gorbachev at odds with Czech leaders".
  22. Kaufman, Michael T. (6 April 1987). "Gorbachev Puts off His Journey to Czechoslovakia". The New York Times.
  23. "Gorbachev Cuts Czechoslovakia Visit Short, Leaves on up Note". Chicago Tribune . 12 April 1987.
  24. Taubman 2017, pp. 387–388.
  25. "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev travels Monday to Romania, one".
  26. "Romania Cool Toward Gorbachev's First Visit". Associated Press .
  27. "Romania Gives Gorbachev Speech Chilly Response".
  28. Taubman 2017, pp. 384–385.
  29. Doder & Branson 1990, p. 230; Taubman 2017, p. 385.
  30. "Document No. 13: Report on Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to Romania, June 4, 1987". Masterpieces of History : The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989. National Security Archive Cold War Readers. Central European University Press. 19 September 2018. pp. 253–254. ISBN   9786155211881.
  31. "Gorbachev becomes first Soviet leader to officially visit the U.S. Since 1973".
  32. "Gorbačov u Dubrovniku". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
  33. "Susret s Popitom i Kučanom". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
  34. "Gorbachev Visits Yugoslavia". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  35. "Gorbachev Praises Yugoslav System as Model for Modernizing Soviet Economy". Los Angeles Times . 18 March 1988.
  36. Tagliabue, John (18 March 1988). "Tepid Times for Gorbachev in a Thriving Yugoslav City". The New York Times.
  37. "Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Report". 1993.
  38. "Gorbachev Brings Message of Perestroika to Poland". Associated Press .
  39. "Gorbachev in Poland: A study in contrasts. Polish leader doesn't share his enthusiasm for rapid change". Christian Science Monitor. 15 July 1988.
  40. "Warsaw Pact Summit Begins". Chicago Tribune . 16 July 1988.
  41. Tagliabue, John (16 July 1988). "Gorbachev in Warsaw Pact Meeting". The New York Times.
  42. "Gorbachev leaves for India visit".
  43. Crossette, Barbara (19 November 1988). "Gorbachev in India to Reaffirm Ties". The New York Times.
  44. "Travels of President George H. W. Bush". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011.
  45. "Taoiseach's Meetings with President Bush and Chairman Gorbachev: Statements. – Dáil Éireann (25th Dáil) – Thursday, 13 Apr 1989 – Houses of the Oireachtas". 13 April 1989.
  46. "US dismissive about summit between Haughey and Gorbachev". The Irish Times .
  47. "500,000 Cubans Cheer Gorbachev's Arrival : Castro Embraces Soviet President at Havana's Airport with No Sign of Tension over Policies". Los Angeles Times . 3 April 1989.
  48. Keller, Bill (3 April 1989). "Gorbachev Begins His Visit to Cuba with Castro's Hug". The New York Times.
  49. Keller, Bill (5 April 1989). "Gorbachev Signs Treaty with Cuba". The New York Times.
  50. Pavlov, Yuri A. (1994). "Movement in Opposite Directions". Soviet-Cuban Alliance 1959-1991. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 139.
  51. ""Фидель смотрел с презрением": как Горбачев предал Кубу". 2 April 2019.
  52. "Gorbachev Arrives in London for 2-Day Visit". Los Angeles Times . 6 April 1989.
  53. Doder & Branson 1990, p. 371; McCauley 1998, p. 143; Taubman 2017, pp. 475–476.
  54. Keller, Bill (15 May 1989). "Gorbachev Visits Beijing for Start of Summit Talks". The New York Times.
  55. Garver, John (December 1989). "The "New Type" of Sino-Soviet Relations". Asian Survey. 29 (12): 1136–1152. doi:10.2307/2644761. JSTOR   2644761.
  56. Vamos, Peter (2010). China Learns From the Soviet Union. Lexington Books. p. 95. ISBN   978-0-7391-4224-0.
  57. Taubman 2017, pp. 476–478.
  58. "Record of the First Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and FRG President Richard von Weizsäcker | Making the History of 1989".
  59. 1 2 Koivisto, Mauno (1997). Witness to History: The Memoirs of Mauno Koisvisto President of Finland, 1982-1994. SIU Press. ISBN   978-0-8093-2045-5.
  60. "Discussion between Gorbachev and Mitterand about Romania, July 1989 | Making the History of 1989".
  61. "Gorbachev compares French Revolution with perestroika". UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  62. "Excerpts From Speech By Gorbachev in France". New York Times. 7 July 1989. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  63. James M. Markham (5 July 1989). "Gorbachev likens Soviets to French". New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  64. "Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev" (PDF). Parliamentary Assembly. Forty-first ordinary session. 8-12 May and 3-7 July (Report). Vol. I. Sittings 1 to 9. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 1990. pp. 197–205.
  65. "История Перестройки. 4-6 июля 1989 года состоялся официальный визит М.С. Горбачева во Францию".
  66. Schmemann, Serge (7 October 1989). "Gorbachev Lends Honecker a Hand". The New York Times.
  67. "'Don't Panic,' Gorbachev Tells East Germans". Los Angeles Times . 7 October 1989.
  68. "Gorbachev Begins Visit to Finland : Hopes for Helsinki's Help in Bolstering Soviet Economy". Los Angeles Times . 25 October 1989.
  69. Keller, Bill (26 October 1989). "Gorbachev, in Finland, Disavows Any Right of Regional Intervention". The New York Times.
  70. "Gorba-huumaa ja kuuluisa kännykkäpuhelu". Yle Elävä Arkisto. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  71. McCauley 1998, p. 144.
  72. "Gorbachev in Italy for Meeting with Pope". 29 November 1989.
  73. Визиты М.С. Горбачева в Италию и Ватикан: 29 ноября-1 декабря 1989 года : документы и материалы. Изд-во полит. лит-ры. January 1990. ISBN   9785250013666.
  74. Taubman 2017, p. 392.
  75. Urban, Joan Barth (1991). "Gorbachev's state visit to Italy and the Vatican". Italian Politics. 5: 126–137. JSTOR   45132560.
  76. Haberman, Clyde (30 November 1989). "Clamor in the East; Gorbachev, Visiting Italy, Urges Talks on Naval Arms". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  77. "Gorbachev faces hard-working visit to Italy". UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  78. "Enthusiasm High for Gorbachev's Visit to Italy : Diplomacy: He will sign 15 bilateral agreements. Rome officials also seek expanded trade and investment". Los Angeles Times . 26 November 1989.
  79. Maureen Dowd (3 December 1989). "THE MALTA SUMMIT: Reporter's Notebook; Superpowers Cooperating, But Not Seas". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  80. "THE MALTA SUMMIT : Italy to Greet Gorbachev in Grand Style". Los Angeles Times . 29 November 1989.
  81. Claiborne, William (29 May 1990). "GORBACHEV'S CANADA STOPOVER STIRS MEMORIES OF FERTILE '83 VISIT". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  82. "Gorbachev Will Stop in Canada Before Summit". Los Angeles Times. 16 May 1990. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  83. Burns, John F. (30 May 1990). "Toward the Summit; Problems Back in Moscow Greet Gorbachev in Canada". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  84. "Flashback Friday: Gorbachev visits Canada ahead of U.S.-Soviet weapons deal". CTVNews. 29 May 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  85. "Gorbachev to visit Canada".
  86. "Gorbachev gets to relax in Canada before summit".
  87. "The day Gorbachev came to town". archive.mpr.org. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  88. Press, Dave Orrick | Pioneer (31 August 2022). "Gorbachev's 1990 visit to Minnesota was a big deal. Here are some highlights and memories". Twin Cities. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  89. Glover, Maury (30 August 2022). "Lookback: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's historic 1990 visit to Minnesota". FOX 9. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  90. "Joint News Conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland September 9, 1990". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012.
  91. Shane, Scott. "Even in Finland, nationalists haunt Gorbachev: Karelians want homeland Leaflet on territory turns up at summit".
  92. "Film Mikhail Gorbachev's visit to Finland. (1990)".
  93. Weisman, Steven R. (16 April 1991). "Gorbachev on Peace Mission to Japan". The New York Times.
  94. "Gorbachev in Japan Seeking Aid". Chicago Tribune .
  95. "Gorbachev Raises Hopes in Japan". Christian Science Monitor. 10 April 1991.
  96. Joo, Seung-Ho (1993). "Gorbachev's foreign policy toward the two Koreas, 1985-1991: Power and the new political thinking".
  97. Schmidt, William E. (6 June 1991). "Gorbachev, in Oslo, Links World Peace to Perestroika". The New York Times.
  98. "Gorbachev holds talks with Swedish government".
  99. "Gorbachev to visit Mexico next year".
  100. "Gorbachev to Visit".
  101. "Gorbachev first Soviet leader to visit Greece".
  102. Shane, Scott. "Gorbachev drops Nobel trip to deal with Soviet crisis".
  103. "EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Nobel Panel Rejects Request by Gorbachev for New Date". The New York Times. 29 November 1990.

Works cited