Speaker of the New York General Assembly | |
---|---|
Formation | October 14, 1683 |
First holder | James Graham |
Final holder | John Cruger |
Abolished | May 1775 |
Succession | Speaker of the New York State Assembly |
The Speaker of the New York General Assembly was the highest official in the New York General Assembly, the first representative governing body in New York from 1683 to 1775 when the assembly disbanded after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. [1]
As in most countries with a British heritage, the speaker presides over the lower house of the legislature and was elected from within the ranks of the General Assembly.
The New York General Assembly was first convened on October 14, 1683, during the governorship of Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick, which passed an act entitled "A Charter of Liberties" that decreed that the supreme legislative power under the Duke of York shall reside in a governor, council, and the people convened in general assembly; conferred upon the members of the assembly rights and privileges making them a body coequal to and independent of the British Parliament; established town, county, and general courts of justice; solemnly proclaimed the right of religious liberty; and passed acts enunciating certain constitutional liberties, e.g. taxes could be levied only by the people met in general assembly; right of suffrage; and no martial law or quartering of the soldiers without the consent of the inhabitants. [2]
The General Assembly elected a Speaker from their own ranks, chose their own clerk, and published their own journal. [3]
The following were elected from the General Assembly to serve as Speaker of the Assembly. [lower-alpha 1] [3] [4]
Speaker | District | Took office | Left office | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
James Graham | New York County [lower-alpha 2] | April 9, 1691 October 26, 1692 September 3, 1693 | September 13, 1692 July 27, 1693 November 16, 1693 | Three terms |
Henry Pierson | Suffolk County | March 2, 1694 | April 20, 1695 | |
James Graham | New York County | June 20, 1695 | April 2, 1698 | |
Philip French | New York County | May 19, 1698 | June 14, 1698 | |
James Graham | New York County | March 2, 1699 | May 15, 1699 [lower-alpha 3] | |
Abraham Gouverneur | New York County | May 15, 1699 August 19, 1701 | June 1, 1701 May 3, 1702 | |
William Nicoll | Suffolk County | October 20, 1702 June 7, 1705 August 18, 1708 April 5, 1709 September 1, 1710 July 2, 1711 May 27, 1713 May 3, 1715 June 5, 1716 | November 6, 1704 May 5, 1707 January 5, 1709 November 12, 1709 April 20, 1711 March 3, 1713 September 9, 1714 [lower-alpha 4] August 11, 1715 May 27, 1718 [lower-alpha 5] | A son of 6th New York City mayor Matthias Nicoll, and the father of the man who served as Speaker between 1759 and 1768. |
Robert Livingston Jr. | Livingston Manor [lower-alpha 6] | May 27, 1718 | July 24, 1724 | An uncle of the below-named Philip Livingston |
Adolph Philipse | New York County | August 6, 1725 [lower-alpha 7] September 27, 1726 September 30, 1727 July 28, 1728 | August 10, 1726 August 21, 1727 [lower-alpha 8] November 25, 1727 May 30, 1737 | |
Lewis Morris Jr. | Westchester County [lower-alpha 9] | June 15, 1737 | October 20, 1738 | Father of Lewis Morris |
Adolph Philipse | New York County | March 27, 1739 November 8, 1743 | December 27, 1743 May 14, 1745 | |
David Jones | Queens County [lower-alpha 10] | June 25, 1745 February 12, 1747 September 4, 1750 October 24, 1752 | November 25, 1747 July 20, 1750 November 25, 1751 December 17, 1758 | |
William Nicoll | Suffolk County | January 31, 1759 March 10, 1761 | March 2, 1761 [lower-alpha 11] February 6, 1768 | A son of the man who served as Speaker between 1702 and 1718 |
Philip Livingston | New York County | October 27, 1768 | January 2, 1769 | A nephew of the above-named Robert Livingston |
John Cruger | New York County | April 4, 1769 | April 8, 1775 |
Robert Livingston the Elder was a Scottish-born merchant and government official in the Province of New York. He was granted a patent to 160,000 acres of land along the Hudson River, becoming the first lord of Livingston Manor.
Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick, was a member of the Irish Parliament, Royalist military officer during the English Civil War, and Governor of the Province of New York. He is noted for having called the first representative legislature in New York, and for granting the province's Charter of Liberties. His negotiations and subsequent alliance with the Iroquois Indian Confederacy brought a lasting security from the French and their hostile Indian allies.
The Province of New York was a British proprietary colony and later a royal colony on the northeast coast of North America from 1664 to 1776. In the late 18th century, colonists in New York rebelled along with the Thirteen Colonies, and supported the American Revolutionary War that led to independence and the founding of the United States.
Philip Livingston was an American merchant, slave trader and politician in colonial New York. The son of Robert Livingston the Elder and elder brother of Robert of Clermont, Philip was the second lord of Livingston Manor.
Pierre Van Cortlandt was an American politician who served as the first lieutenant governor of New York.
Robert Livingston of New York, known as Robert of Clermont, son of Robert Livingston the Elder and father of Robert Livingston. He was a member of New York colonial assembly from 1726 until 1727.
Livingston Manor was a 160,000-acre (65,000 ha) tract of land in the Province of New York granted to Robert Livingston the Elder during the reign of George I of Great Britain. Located between the Hudson River and the Massachusetts border, the Livingston Manor was located in an area that later became a portion of Columbia County in the state of New York.
Rensselaerswyck was the name of Dutch colonial patroonship and later an English manor owned by the van Rensselaer family located in the present-day Capital District of New York in the United States.
Nicholas Bayard was a government official and slave trader in colonial New York. Bayard served as the mayor of New York City from 1685 to 1686. He is historically most notable for being Peter Stuyvesant's nephew and for being a prominent member of the Bayard family, which remained prominent in New York City history into the 20th century.
The towns and cities of the Hudson Valley were created by the U.S. state of New York as municipalities, in order to perform the services of local government. In 1683, prior to the creation of modern towns, the Province of New York was divided into twelve counties for administrative purposes by the Colonial Governor of New York. In the Hudson Valley, these divisions included Dutchess, Orange, and Ulster counties. Dutchess and Orange remained unorganized until 1713, with Dutchess administered from Ulster; Orange would be administered from New York County. Future counties would be formed and towns exchanged over time, with Rockland County split from Orange in 1799, at which time the southern towns of Ulster were transferred to Orange as compensation for the loss; and Putnam County from Dutchess in 1812, these county's towns can trace their origins to towns and precincts that were formed in their parent counties. Another change that occurred was the transfer of Dutchess County's northern section, the Livingston Manor, to Columbia County. Greene County was formed in 1800 by the combination of the southernmost towns of Albany County with the northernmost towns of Ulster. The history of the towns of Greene and Columbia counties can be found at the Timeline of town creation in New York's Capital District.
The history of Albany, New York from 1664 to 1784 begins with the English takeover of New Netherland and ends with the ratification of the Treaty of Paris by the Congress of the Confederation in 1784, ending the Revolutionary War.
The Charter of Liberties and Privileges was an act passed by the New York General Assembly during its first session in 1683 that laid out the political organization of the colony, set up the procedures for election to the assembly, created 12 counties, and guaranteed certain individual rights for the colonists. The colony operated under the Charter until May 1686 when Thomas Dongan, the governor of New York, received instructions from King James II that New York would be assimilated into the Dominion of New England. After the Glorious Revolution William III and Mary II appointed a new governor, who convened the colonial assembly on April 5, 1691.
Major Anthony Brockholls was an English born Commander-in-Chief (1677–78) and then acting Governor (1681–82) of New York.
Wilhelmus Hendricksen Beekman – also known as William Beekman and Willem Beekman – was a Dutch immigrant to America who came to New Amsterdam from the Netherlands in the same vessel with Director-General and later Governor Peter Stuyvesant.
The General Assembly of New York, commonly known internationally as the New York General Assembly, and domestically simply as General Assembly, was the supreme legislative body of the Province of New York during its period of proprietal colonialship and the legislative body of the Province during its period as a crown colony. It was the representative governing body in New York until April 3, 1775, when the Assembly disbanded after the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.
William Nicoll was an English-born colonial American merchant and politician who served as the Speaker of the New York General Assembly.
William Nicoll Jr. was an English-American colonial merchant and politician who served as the Speaker of the New York General Assembly.
Lt.-Col. Hubertus "Gilbert" Livingston was a younger son of Robert Livingston the Elder who was a lawyer and politician in colonial New York.
The New York Executive Council, was the upper house of the supreme legislative body of the Province of New York during its period of proprietal colonialship while it was a crown colony. It was in effect until April 3, 1775, when the government disbanded after the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.
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