List of tallest buildings in Ontario

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This list of tallest buildings in Ontario ranks skyscrapers and high rise buildings in the province of Ontario by height. Buildings in nine cities are included in this list; Hamilton, Kitchener, London, Markham, Mississauga, Niagara Falls, Ottawa, Toronto, and Windsor, each having buildings taller than 100 metres.

Contents

The tallest building in the province of Ontario is First Canadian Place 298 metres (978 feet). Completed in 1976, it is also the tallest building in Canada and the 68th tallest building in the world. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest building in the world outside of Chicago and New York City.

Due to height restrictions, tall skyscrapers are restricted in many parts of Ottawa, including the downtown core. Initially the height restrictions were put in place as to prevent any building from exceeding the height of the Peace Tower of Parliament Hill. The tallest building in that city now rises to 143 m (469 ft).

In recent years, a development boom has caused many cities, that historically haven’t had tall buildings or dense urban cores, to densify and construct taller buildings like Kitchener, Windsor, Markham, etc.

Buildings over 100 meters

Toronto, home to the tallest building in Canada. Toronto - ON - Toronto Skyline2.jpg
Toronto, home to the tallest building in Canada.
Ottawa, Canada's capital city. Ottawa skyline Wikivoyage.jpg
Ottawa, Canada's capital city.
Niagara Falls is home to the tallest hotel in Canada. Niagara falls at Night.jpg
Niagara Falls is home to the tallest hotel in Canada.
Hamilton is home to Ontario's 59th tallest building. HamiltonOntarioSkylineC.JPG
Hamilton is home to Ontario's 59th tallest building.
London is home to Ontario's 74th tallest building. London, Ontario, Canada- The Forest City from above.jpg
London is home to Ontario's 74th tallest building.
Windsor, Ontario is the southernmost city in Canada. Casino Windsor hotel expansion april 2008.jpg
Windsor, Ontario is the southernmost city in Canada.

This list ranks buildings in Ontario that stand between least 100 m (328 ft) tall, based on CTBUH height measurement standards. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. Freestanding observation and/or telecommunication towers, while not habitable buildings, are included for comparison purposes; however, they are not ranked. One such tower is the CN Tower.

RankNameImageHeight
m / ft
FloorsYearCityNotesRef
N/A CN Tower [N 1] Toronto - ON - Toronto Harbourfront7.jpg 553 / 1,815-1471976 Toronto [1] [2]
1 First Canadian Place Toronto - ON - First Canadian Place.jpg 298 / 978781976 Toronto
  • Tallest building in Canada since 1976
  • 6th tallest building in the world at the time of its completion
  • Tallest building in the world outside of Chicago and New York City at the time of its completion
  • Tallest building completed in Ontario in the 1970s.
  • Formerly known as First Bank Tower
[3] [4]
2 The St. Regis Toronto Trump Tower Toronto.jpg 277 / 908592011 Toronto
  • Tallest mixed-use building in Canada.
  • Second-tallest building in Canada by standard height.
  • Tallest building completed in Ontario in the 2010s.
[5]
3 Scotia Plaza Scotia Plaza 2009.JPG 275 / 902681988 Toronto
  • Tallest building completed in Ontario in the 1980s.
[6] [7]
4 Aura 272 / 892802014 Toronto
5 Brookfield Place Toronto - ON - TD Canada Trust Tower2.jpg 261 / 856531990 Toronto
  • Tallest building completed in Ontario in the 1990s.
[8] [9]
6 Commerce Court West Toronto - ON - Commerce Court West.jpg 239 / 784571972 Toronto
7 Toronto-Dominion Tower TD Centre View from Yonge and King.JPG 223 / 731561967 Toronto
  • Tallest building completed in Ontario in the 1960s.
[10] [11]
8 Bay Adelaide Centre West Tower Bay Adelaide first tower nearing completion - cropped.jpg 218 / 715512009 Toronto
  • Tallest building completed in Ontario in the 2000s.
9 Ritz-Carlton Toronto Ritz Carlton Toronto far.jpg 208 / 684532011 Toronto
10 Bay Wellington Tower Bay Wellington Tower.jpg 207 / 679491991 Toronto [12] [13]
11 Four Seasons Hotel and Residences West New Four Seasons Yorkville.jpg 205 / 650552011 Toronto
12 88 Scott 88 Scott Toronto.jpg 204 / 669582018 Toronto
13 Maple Leaf Square North Tower Maple Leaf Square, North Tower.jpg 186 / 610542010 Toronto [14]
14= Royal Trust Tower TD Centre Toronto.jpg 183 / 600461969 Toronto [15] [16]
14= RBC Centre RBC Centre.JPG 183 / 600422009 Toronto [17] [18]
16= Royal Bank Plaza South Royal Bank Building.jpg 180 / 591401979 Toronto [19] [20]
16= Absolute World South Absolute Towers Mississauga. South-west view.jpg 180 / 589562011 Mississauga 3rd Tallest building in Ontario outside of the city of Toronto. Also 3rd Tallest skyscraper in a suburban city in North America.

[21]

17 Hilton Niagara Falls Tower 2 Hilton Niagara Falls.jpg 177 / 580582009 Niagara Falls Tallest building in Ontario outside of the Greater Toronto Area. Tallest hotel in Canada.
18 One King Street West One King St W, Toronto.jpg 176 / 578512005 Toronto
  • Tallest completed all-residential skyscraper in Toronto.
[22]
19 Maple Leaf Square South Tower Success Tower I at the Pinnacle Centre.jpg 174 / 571502010 Toronto [23]
20 44 Charles Street West Manulife Centre.jpg 166 / 545511972 Toronto
  • 25th-tallest building in Canada.
[24] [25]
21 Quantum 2 Minto Midtown.JPG 165 / 541512008 Toronto [26]
22 Residences of College Park Residences of College Park.jpg 163 / 535512006 Toronto [27] [28]
23 Success Tower Success Tower.JPG 162 / 531542009 Toronto [29]
24 Absolute World North Absolute Towers Mississauga. South-west view.jpg 161.2 / 529502012 Mississauga [30]
N/A Skylon Tower Ilievaart-falls0805 7584smaller.jpg 158.5 / 520-1965 Niagara Falls Tallest freestanding structure in Ontario when completed in 1965. Overtaken by the Toronto-Dominion Centre in 1967. [31]
25The Uptown Residences Uptown, Toronto.jpg 158 / 518482011 Toronto [32]
26 Festival Tower TIFF Lightbox Toronto Ontario Canada.jpg 157 / 514422010 Toronto [33] [34]
27 TD Waterhouse Tower TD Waterhouse Tower.JPG 154 / 504391985 Toronto [35] [36]
28 35 Mariner 35 Mariner, Harbourview Estates.jpg 153 / 503492005 Toronto [37] [38]
29 Montage CityPlace Montage.JPG 153 / 502482009 Toronto [39]
29 The 250 The 250 August 2017 01.jpg 151 / 494351992 Toronto Atop the Toronto Eaton Centre. [40] [41]
30= Two Bloor West Two Bloor West, CIBC building.JPG 149 / 488341973 Toronto [42] [43]
30= X Condominium X Condominium Toronto 2011.jpg 149 / 488452010 Toronto [44]
32= West One CityPlace West One.JPG 148 / 486492007 Toronto [45] [46]
32= Simcoe Place Simcoe Place.JPG 148 / 486331995 Toronto [47] [48]
34 Residences of College Park South Residences of College Park.jpg 147 / 482452008 Toronto [49] [50]
35 Exchange Tower TSXExchangetower.jpg 146 / 479301983 Toronto [51] [52]
36 Commerce Court North Commerce Court North.JPG 145 / 476341931 Toronto [53]
37 Simpson Tower Simpson Tower.JPG 144 / 472331968 Toronto [54] [55]
38= Claridge Icon Claridge Icon 2022.jpg 143 / 469452022 Ottawa [56]
38= SP!RE Spire, Toronto.jpg 143 / 469432007 Toronto [57] [58]
40= Cadillac Fairview Tower Cadillac Fairview Tower.JPG 142 / 466361981 Toronto [59] [60]
40= One Park Tower Night in Mississauga (16275312609).jpg 142 / 466382008 Mississauga [61]
42 Murano South Murano, Toronto.JPG 140 / 459412009 Toronto [62]
43 Pantages Tower Pantages Tower August 2017 01.jpg 140 / 458462003 Toronto [63] [64]
44The Met Condos The Met, Toronto.JPG 139 / 456432007 Toronto [65] [66]
45= CASA Tower on Charles Street.jpg 138 / 453452009 Toronto [67]
45= Palace Place Palace Pier.jpg 138 / 453461991 Toronto [68] [69]
45= Palace Pier 138 / 453461978 Toronto [70] [71]
48 Oxford Tower Oxford Tower, Toronto.JPG 137 / 449331979 Toronto [72] [73]
49 Sheraton Centre Hotel Downtown toronto.jpg 135 / 443431972 Toronto
  • Tallest all-hotel building in Toronto.
[74] [75]
50 Two Bloor East HBC Tower.JPG 134 / 439341974 Toronto [76] [77]
51 Ernst & Young Tower Ernst & Young Tower.JPG 133 / 437311991 Toronto [78] [79]
52 N1/N2 133 / 436412007 Toronto [80] [81]
53Empire Tower Condo Towers Bayview Village.jpg 130 / 427282005 Toronto [82] [83]
54Dundee Place Dundee Place.JPG 129 / 424311991 Toronto [84] [85]
55= Leaside Towers I The Leaside Towers.jpg 129 / 423441970 Toronto [86] [87]
55= Leaside Towers II 129 / 423441970 Toronto [88] [89]
57= Canadian Pacific Tower Canadian Pacific Tower.JPG 128 / 420321974 Toronto [90] [91]
57= Metro Hall West Metro Hall.jpg 128 / 420271992 Toronto [92] [93]
57=DTK Condos DTK Condos - Kitchener, ON.jpg 128 / 420392021 Kitchener Tallest building in Kitchener-Waterloo.
59= Landmark Place LandmarkPlaceHamilton.JPG 127 / 417431974 Hamilton Tallest building in Hamilton. [94]
59= Pinnacle A Pinacle A.jpg 127 / 417402006 Toronto [95]
59=18 Yonge 18 Yonge.jpg 127 / 417392006 Toronto [96]
59= Westin Harbour Castle South Tower WestinHarbourCastleHotel.jpg 127 / 417381975 Toronto [97]
63 Marriott Hotel/Plaza 2 Apartments Marriott Hotel Toronto.JPG 126 / 415411975 Toronto [98]
64=Verve Verve, Toronto.jpg 126 / 413392008 Toronto [99]
64= Quantum Minto Midtown.JPG 126 / 413372007 Toronto [100]
64=Crystal Blu Crystal Blu.jpg 126 / 413342010 Toronto [101]
67Chicago Night in Mississauga (16435603466).jpg 125 / 410352010 Mississauga [102]
68 Sun Life Centre East Tower Sun Life Centre.jpg 125 / 410281984 Toronto [103] [104]
69Yonge Eglinton Centre I Yonge Eglinton Centre.JPG 124 / 408301974 Toronto [105]
70 Royal York Hotel Fairmont Royal York Toronto.jpg 124 / 407281929 Toronto [106]
71 10 Navy 123 / 402402005 Toronto [107]
72Solstice121 / 397372008 Mississauga [108]
73Embassy Suites Hotel Niagara Falls CasinoNiagara.JPG 118 / 387422003 Niagara Falls
74 One London Place OneLondonPlace.JPG 113.4 / 372241992 London Tallest building in London.
75The Park Mansion112.4 / 369361990 Mississauga
76= Place de Ville C Place de Ville C.JPG 112 / 367291972 Ottawa [109]
76=Absolute Vision Absolute Condos - Construction - June 4th, 2009.jpg 112 / 367352009 Mississauga
78Caesars Windsor Augustus Tower Caesar sign on Casino Windsor.jpg 111 / 364272008 Windsor Tallest building in Windsor.
79 Minto Metropole Minto Metropole Ottawa Ontario 2005.jpg 109 / 354322004 Ottawa [110]
80=20/22 George St. 20 22 George HamOnt 2019.04.15.jpg 106 / 348322019 Hamilton
80=Charlie West106 / 348312021 Kitchener
80=The Dale Tower 1 The Dale Tower 1.jpg 106 / 348322020 (Topped-out) Ottawa [111]
83Le Parc Le parc condo.jpg 104 / 341301988 Ottawa [112]
84 100 King Street West 100 King Street West, Hamilton, Ontario.jpg 103 / 338251973 Hamilton
85=World on Yonge Condos - North Tower102 / 335322014 Markham Tallest buildings in Markham.
85=World on Yonge Condos - South Tower102 / 335322014 Markham Tallest buildings in Markham.

See also

By city

Notes

  1. The CN Tower is not a habitable building, but is included in this list for comparative purposes. Per a ruling by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, freestanding observation towers are not considered to be buildings, as they are not fully habitable structures.

References

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  2. "CN Tower". SkyscraperPage . Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  3. "First Bank Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. "First Canadian Place, Toronto". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  5. "Trump International Hotel and Tower". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
  6. "Scotia Plaza". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. "Scotia Plaza". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  8. "Canada Trust Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. "TD Canada Trust Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  10. "Toronto-Dominion Bank Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  12. "Bay Wellington Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  17. "RBC Centre". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  22. "One King Street West". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  24. "Manulife Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  26. "Quantum 2, Toronto". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  27. "Residences of College Park". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  29. "Success Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  30. "Absolute World Tower 2". CTBUH.com. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
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  32. "The Uptown Residences, Toronto". Emporis. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved 2008-05-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  37. "Harbourview Estates II". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  38. "Harbourview Estates II". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  39. "Montage". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  40. "The 250". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on April 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  41. "The 250". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  42. "Two Bloor West". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  43. "2 Bloor West". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
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  47. "Simcoe Place". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  48. "Simcoe Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  49. "Residences of College Park South". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  51. "Exchange Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on December 31, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  52. "Exchange Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  53. "Commerce Court North". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  54. "Simpson Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  55. "Simpson Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  56. "Claridge Icon - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  57. "SP!RE". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  58. "Spire". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  59. "Cadillac Fairview Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  60. "Cadillac Fairview Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  61. "One Park Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
  62. "Murano South". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  63. "Pantages Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  65. "The Met Condos". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  67. "CASA". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved 2010-09-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  68. "Palace Place". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  69. "Palace Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  70. "Palace Pier". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  72. "Oxford Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  73. "Oxford Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  74. "Sheraton Centre Hotel". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  75. "Sheraton Centre Hotel". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  76. "Two Bloor West". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  77. "Two Bloor West". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  78. "Ernst & Young Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on November 9, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  80. "N1/N2". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  82. "Empire Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  83. "Empire Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  84. "Dundee Place". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  85. "Dundee Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  86. "Leaside Towers I". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  87. "Leaside Towers I". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  88. "Leaside Towers II". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  89. "Leaside Towers II". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  90. "Canadian Pacific Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  92. "Metro Hall West". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  94. "Landmark Place/ Century 21 Building: 1974". Archived from the original on April 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  95. "Pinnacle A". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  96. "18 Yonge". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  97. "Westin Harbour Castle South Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved 2008-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  98. "Marriott Hotel/Plaza 2 Apartments". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  99. "Verve". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  100. "Quantum". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2006. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  101. "Crystal Blu". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 25, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  102. "Chicago". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
  103. "Sun Life Centre East Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved 2008-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  104. "Sun Life Centre East Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  105. "Yonge Eglinton Centre I". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  106. "Royal York Hotel". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  107. "10 Navy". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  108. "Solstice". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
  109. "Place de Ville III - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  110. "Minto Metropole - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  111. "121 Parkdale Apogee, Ottawa - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
  112. "Le Parc - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.