Loekoesia

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Loekoesia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Loekoesia
S.Y.Kondr., S.O.Oh & Hur (2015)
Type species
Loekoesia austrocoreana
S.Y.Kondr., J.Kim, A.S.Kondr., S.O.Oh & J.S.Hur (2015)
Species

L. apostatica
L. austrocoreana
L. yuchiorum

Loekoesia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. [1] It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. Loekoesia lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules (soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus.

Contents

Taxonomy

Loekoesia was circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, Loekoesia austrocoreana , was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with Jasonhuria , another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic genus, [2] but two additional species were transferred from other genera ( Caloplaca and Lecanora ) in 2020. [3] [4] The genus name honours the Hungarian lichenologist László Sándor Lőkös for his contributions to the body of knowledge about lichens in North and South Korea. [2]

Description

Genus Loekoesia has lichens with a crustose thallus, which can be either whole (i.e., undivided, or entire ) or broken into areolate (patch-like) segments. This thallus is typically grey in colour. Characteristic of this genus are its soralia (regions of the thallus where powdery soredia are produced), which are rounded, stipitate (having a stalk-like base), and clustered on the thallus in irregular groups. These soralia are bright white, with a soredious mass that appears bluish to whitish and has a powdery texture. The hypothallus of these lichens is bluish-black. [2]

The apothecia (fruiting bodies) of Loekoesia lichens are black and biatorine in form, featuring a true exciple that is paraplectenchymatous (comprising fungal hyphae that are oriented in all directions) with a well-developed structural matrix. In terms of chemistry, the thallus of these lichens turns yellow and then greenish-yellow upon exposure to a solution of potassium hydroxide (i.e., the K spot test), and slowly becomes pale yellow when treated with p-phenylenediamine (the Pd spot test). The epihymenium reacts to potassium hydroxide by turning purple and becoming lighter, hyaline, or dull crimson. These reactions indicate the likely presence of atranorin and other compounds within the lichen. [2]

Species

As of January 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts three species of Loekoesia: [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Ikaeria</i> Genus of fungi

Ikaeria is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. Both species grow on twig bark of shrubs and trees. It was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Dalip Kumar Upreti, and Jae-Seoun Hur, with Ikaeria aurantiellina assigned as the type species. This lichen was previously placed in the genus Caloplaca, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that it belonged in a lineage that was genetically distinct from that genus. Ikaeria serusiauxii was added to the genus in 2020.

<i>Squamulea</i> Genus of lichens

Squamulea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with Squamulea subsoluta assigned as the type species. Five species were included in the original account of the genus. The genus name alludes to the squamulose growth form of most of its species. Squamulea has a worldwide distribution; when the genus was originally created, the centre of distribution was thought to be in southwestern North America.

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.

<i>Pyrenodesmia</i> Genus of fungi

Pyrenodesmia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus currently includes 23 recognized species but is believed to contain many more unnamed taxa. The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. It is characterised by the complete absence of anthraquinones and the presence of Sedifolia-gray pigments in both the thallus and apothecia. These lichens are typically found in calcareous outcrops in the Northern Hemisphere, with biodiversity centres in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, and arid regions of western North America.

<i>Wetmoreana</i> Genus of lichens

Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two crustose, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

Teuvoahtiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens, all of which occur in South America.

<i>Obscuroplaca</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Obscuroplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Fauriea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus, which contains seven species, is a member of the subfamily Caloplacoideae.

Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. All Orientophila species occur in Northeast Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.

Olegblumia is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the single species Olegblumia demissa, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen.

Caloplaca cupulifera is a widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a chrome-yellow thallus with bright yellow cup-shaped soredia. Although originally described as a new species in 1915 and placed in the large genus Caloplaca in 1931, modern molecular phylogenetics suggests that its classification requires an update.

Kuettlingeria soralifera is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, first described in 2006. It is similar to Kuettlingeria xerica but distinguished by the presence of soredia on its thallus.

Oxneriopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Hanstrassia lenae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, the lichen is found in Russian Far East, Mongolia, and Siberia. It closely resembles Elenkiniana ehrenbergii but distinguished by the presence of soralia on its thallus. This species has a thick, effigurate thallus with weak marginal lobes and developed marginal, labriform (lip-shaped) soralia.

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [157]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kondratyuk, Sergii Y.; Lőkös, Lászlo; Jung A., Kim; Kondratiuk, Anna S.; Jeong, Min Hye; Jang, Seol Hwa; Oh, Soon-Ok; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2015). "Three new monotypic genera of the caloplacoid lichens (Teloschistaceae, lichen-forming ascomycetes)". Mycobiology. 43 (3): 195–202. doi:10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.3.195. PMC   4630424 . PMID   26539034.
  3. 1 2 Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien (2020). "First checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Mauritius, with phylogenetic analyses and description of new taxa". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (1): 13–75 [42]. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0003 .
  4. 1 2 Bungartz, Frank; Søchting, Ulrik; Arup, Ulf (2020). "Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) from the Galapagos Islands: a phylogenetic revision based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, and molecular data". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (2): 515–576. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0030 .
  5. ↑ "Loekoesia". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
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