Lomatia ferruginea

Last updated

Lomatia ferruginea
Lomatia ferruginea-hojas-haz.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Lomatia
Species:
L. ferruginea
Binomial name
Lomatia ferruginea

Lomatia ferruginea, commonly known as fuinque, is a small evergreen tree in the family Proteaceae.

Contents

It is native to southern Argentina and Chile, [2] the Patagonia region of South America. In Chile it grows from Curicó Province to Magallanes (35 to 49°). It is found mostly in deep and moist soils.

Description

Lomatia ferruginea grows to 6 metres (20 ft) tall. It is evergreen, with few branches, newly shoots are covered in reddish-brown hairs. Composite, bipinnate, fern-like opposite and petiolate leaves, 13–14 cm long and 8–10 cm wide, green above and reddish-brown below.

The flowers are hermaphrodite and pedicellate, 2 cm long, in racemes shorter than the leaves, made up by 14-16 opposite flowers, grayish-yellow in bud, every flower is formed by 4 tepals which are oval lanceolate bicolor, reddish brown with green apex, then thinned and again wide at the concave apex of 1.5 cm long, with sessile anthers at the concave apex of the petals, long style, red bulky and oblique stigma.

The fruit is a woody dark brown follicle, 3.5-4.0 cm wide and 1 cm long, made up by two valves, thin pedicellate, like a peduncle downwards, upwards prolonged at the style, it has many imbricate seeds, winged and truncated at the tip, 1.5 cm wide and 0.5 mm.

Taxonomy

Antonio José Cavanilles first described the species in 1798 as Embothrium ferrugineum. [2] [3] In 1810, Robert Brown transferred it to the genus, Lomatia . [4]

The genus name Lomatia comes from the Greek lomas, because of the seed's edge, and ferruginea from Latin, meaning ferrous or rusty, referring to the reddish-brown color in new buds.

Cultivation and uses

1907 illustration, Curtis's botanical magazine Curtis's botanical magazine (Tab. 8112) (9598020077).jpg
1907 illustration, Curtis's botanical magazine

The wood is valued for its grain and is much used in carpentry. It is highly valued as an ornamental tree in Chile. It has been planted in Scotland. [5] and in the Faroe Islands, where it regularly self-seeds [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia robur</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from the east coast of Australia

Banksia robur, commonly known as swamp banksia, or less commonly broad-leaved banksia, grows in sand or peaty sand in coastal areas from Cooktown in north Queensland to the Illawarra region on the New South Wales south coast. It is often found in areas which are seasonally inundated.

<i>Banksia oblongifolia</i> Species of plant

Banksia oblongifolia, commonly known as the fern-leaved, dwarf or rusty banksia, is a species in the plant genus Banksia. Found along the eastern coast of Australia from Wollongong, New South Wales in the south to Rockhampton, Queensland in the north, it generally grows in sandy soils in heath, open forest or swamp margins and wet areas. A many-stemmed shrub up to 3 m (9.8 ft) high, it has leathery serrated leaves and rusty-coloured new growth. The yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, most commonly appear in autumn and early winter. Up to 80 follicles, or seed pods, develop on the spikes after flowering. Banksia oblongifolia resprouts from its woody lignotuber after bushfires, and the seed pods open and release seed when burnt, the seed germinating and growing on burnt ground. Some plants grow between fires from seed shed spontaneously.

<i>Banksia speciosa</i> Large shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae found on the south coast of Western Australia

Banksia speciosa, commonly known as the showy banksia, is a species of large shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae. It is found on the south coast of Western Australia between Hopetoun (33°57′ S) and the Great Australian Bight, growing on white or grey sand in shrubland. Reaching up to 8 m (26 ft) in height, it is a single-stemmed plant that has thin leaves with prominent triangular "teeth" along each margin, which are 20–45 cm (7.9–17.7 in) long and 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) wide. The prominent cream-yellow flower spikes known as inflorescences appear throughout the year. As they age they develop up to 20 follicles each that store seeds until opened by fire. Though widely occurring, the species is highly sensitive to dieback and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease.

<i>Isopogon anethifolius</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae

Isopogon anethifolius, commonly known as narrow-leaf drumsticks or narrow-leafed drumsticks, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae. The species is found only in coastal areas near Sydney in New South Wales, and to the immediate west. It occurs naturally in woodland, open forest and heathland on sandstone soils. An upright shrub, it can reach to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height, with terete leaves that are divided and narrow. The yellow flowers appear in the Spring, from September to December, and are prominently displayed. They are followed by round grey cones, which give the plant its common name of drumsticks. The small hairy seeds are found in the old flower parts.

<i>Beilschmiedia berteroana</i> Species of tree

Beilschmiedia berteroana is a threatened evergreen tree in the family Lauraceae endemic to Chile at 35 to 37°S.

<i>Beilschmiedia miersii</i> Species of tree

Beilschmiedia miersii, commonly known as the northern acorn tree, is a species of evergreen tree in the family Lauraceae. It is native to central Chile from 30 to 35°S., up to 1200 meters (4000 ft) above sea level and lives under very dry conditions.

<i>Myrceugenia obtusa</i> Species of plant

Myrceugenia obtusa, also known as raran, is an evergreen tree endemic to Chile from Coquimbo to Cautin. It grows mainly in the coastal mountains on moist sites.

<i>Lomatia hirsuta</i> Species of tree in the family Proteaceae native to Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Lomatia hirsuta, known as radal, is a tree native to Argentina, Chile, and Peru.

<i>Amomyrtus meli</i> Species of plant

Amomyrtus meli, known as meli, is a species of tree endemic to Chile in the family Myrtaceae. It grows from Arauco to Chiloe. It grows mostly on moist and shaded sites.

<i>Persoonia levis</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae native to New South Wales and Victoria in eastern Australia

Persoonia levis, commonly known as the broad-leaved geebung, is a shrub native to New South Wales and Victoria in eastern Australia. It reaches 5 m (16 ft) in height and has dark grey papery bark and bright green asymmetrical sickle-shaped leaves up to 14 cm (5.5 in) long and 8 cm (3.2 in) wide. The small yellow flowers appear in summer and autumn, followed by small green fleshy fruit, which are classified as drupes. Within the genus Persoonia, it is a member of the Lanceolata group of 58 closely related species. P. levis interbreeds with several other species where they grow together.

<i>Lomatia ilicifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to south-eastern Australia

Lomatia ilicifolia, commonly known as holly lomatia or native holly, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a stiff, erect shrub with hairy, rust-coloured new growth and which recovers from fire from a lignotuber. It has dull green, leathery, prickly, holly-like leaves and long sprays of cream flowers, usually after fire.

<i>Lomatia dentata</i> Tree species in the family Proteaceae native to southern Argentina and Chile

Lomatia dentata, commonly known as piñol or avellanillo, is a species of tree in the family Proteaceae.

<i>Leucospermum cuneiforme</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae from the southern mountains of South Africa

Leucospermum cuneiforme is an upright evergreen shrub with many pustules growing on the lower branches, wedge-shaped leaves, and oval, initially yellow flower heads that later turn orange, with long styles sticking far beyond the perianths, jointly giving the impression of a pincushion. It is called wart-stemmed pincushion in English and luisiesbos (lice-bush) in Afrikaans. The species is common in the southern mountains of South Africa.

<i>Leucospermum parile</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae from the Western Cape of South Africa

Leucospermum parile is a rounded shrub, of up to 1½ m (6 ft) high that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has narrow, grey felty leaves of about 2 cm (2 in) long and 7 mm (0.28 in) wide, with rich yellow, globular, well-scented flower heads of about 3 cm (1.2 in) across. It grows in pure white sand in the sandveld of a very small area in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is called Malmesbury pincushion in English and Malmesburyluisie in Afrikaans. It flowers from July till November.

<i>Leucospermum saxatile</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae from the Western Cape of South Africa

Leucospermum saxatile is an evergreen, rising to sprawling shrub of ½–¾ m high and 1–1½ m (3⅓–5 ft) wide, from the family Proteaceae. It has reddish tinged flowering stems and line-shaped, narrowing wedge-shaped leaves of 2½–5 cm(1–2 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.08–0.20 in) wide, with one to three blunt teeth, whorl-shaped, flat-topped, at first pale lime green but later carmine flower heads of 2½–3 cm across, mostly individually but sometimes grouped with two or three, each on a stalk. The flower heads occur from July to October. From the flowers occur long styles with a slightly thicker tip, which together give the impression of a pincushion. It is called Karoo pincushion in English. Flowering heads can be found from July until February. It naturally occurs in fynbos in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

<i>Mimetes capitulatus</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae from the Western Cape province of South Africa

Mimetes capitulatus is an evergreen, upright, rounded shrub of about 2 m (7 ft) high, from the family Proteaceae. It has greyish green, lance- to egg-shaped leaves ending in a thickened tip. The flower heads and subtending leaves form a cylindric inflorescence, topped by ordinary, more or less upright leaves. Each primarily orange flowerhead contains 10–13 flowers with conspicuously scarlet styles, yellow under the narrow hourglass-like pollen presenter at its tip. Flowers can usually be found from mid-June till December, peaking in August. It is called conical pagoda in English and skraalstompie in Afrikaans.

<i>Mimetes splendidus</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae from Western Cape province of South Africa

Mimetes splendidus or splendid pagoda is an evergreen, rather sparsely branching, upright shrub of up to 2½ m (8 ft) high from the family Proteaceae. It has broadly lance-shaped to oval, silvery-hairy leaves with three or four teeth crowded at the tip. It has cylinder-shaped inflorescences that consists of many heads, each containing eleven to thirteen flowers, in the axils of the highest leaves. These leaves form a hood over a lower flowerhead and are flushed orangy pink. It flowers during winter, from early May to September. It is an endemic species that is restricted to the south face of the coastal mountains of the Western Cape province of South Africa.

<i>Mimetes pauciflorus</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to South Africa

Mimetes pauciflorus, the three-flowered pagoda, is an evergreen, shyly branching, upright shrub of 2–4 (6½–13 ft) high, from the family Proteaceae. It has narrowly to broadly oval leaves of 2½–4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) long and ¾–2 cm (0.3–0.8 in) wide, on the upper parts of the branches, the lower parts leafless with a reddish brown bark. The inflorescences at the top of the shoots are cylinder-shaped, 10–40 cm (4–16 in) long and contain forty to one hundred twenty densely crowded flower heads, at a steep upward angle, hiding a crest of very small, almost vertical leaves. The flower heads each consist of three, rarely four individual flowers. The flowers are tightly enclosed by four or five orange-yellow, fleshy, pointy, lance-shaped involucral bracts, and three orange-yellow, 4–5½ cm (1.6–2.4 in) long bracteoles. It grows on always moist, south-facing slopes in the southern coastal mountains of South Africa. Flowers can be found from August to November, with a peak in September.

<i>Mimetes argenteus</i> Endemic shrub from the Western Cape province of South Africa

Mimetes argenteus is an evergreen, upright, hardly branching, large shrub of about 2 m (6½ ft) high in the family Proteaceae. It has elliptic, silvery leaves, due to a dense covering of silky hairs, that stand out a right angle from the branches. It has cylindric inflorescences of 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long and 10–12 cm (4–5 in) in diameter, crested by smaller silvery pink leaves at an upright angle. These consist of many flower heads, each containing six to nine individual flowers and ar set in the axil of a leaf flushed mauve to carmine. It flowers from March to June. The silver pagoda naturally occurs in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is called silver pagoda or silver-leaved bottlebrush in English and vaalstompie in Afrikaans.

<i>Protea pendula</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae

Protea pendula, also known as the nodding sugarbush or arid sugarbush, is a flowering plant of the genus Protea, in the family Proteaceae, which is only found growing in the wild in the Cape Region of South Africa. In the Afrikaans language it is known as knikkopsuikerbossie or ondersteboknopprotea.

References

  1. Prance, G. (2020). "Lomatia ferruginea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T113179050A113310323. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T113179050A113310323.en . Retrieved 27 November 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Lomatia ferruginea (Cav.) R.Br. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  3. Cavanilles, A.J. (14 May 1798). Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum. Vol. 4. p. 59, t. 385.
  4. Brown, R. (8 March 1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 200. 
  5. "Lomatia ferruginea". The plant press. Archived from the original on 2009-11-14. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
  6. "Kunning um viðarvøkstur".